Preharvest Food Safety.

Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- About the Editors -- I: OVERVIEW OF THE PREHARVEST FOOD SAFETY PROBLEM -- 1. Introduction to Preharvest Food Safety -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL PREHARVEST ISSUES -- TRADITIONAL AREAS OF FOCUS IN PREHARVEST -- E. coli and Cattle -- Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Poultry -- Interventions, Prevention, and Control Programs -- NONTRADITIONAL" PREHARVEST AREAS -- Organic and Free-Range Production -- Water, Manure, and Produce -- Genomics, Sequencing, and Bioinformatics -- Antimicrobial Resistance: Old and New -- Evidence-Based Directions and Performance Metrics -- Odds and Ends -- CONCLUSION AND THE FUTURE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 2. Preharvest Farming Practices Impacting Fresh Produce Safety -- OVERVIEW OF PREHARVEST FOOD SAFETY -- Fruits and Vegetables in the United States Impacted by Microbial Contamination -- PREHARVEST FOOD SAFETY: POTENTIAL ROUTES OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION -- Water -- Soils, Manure, and Biological Soil Amendments -- Wildlife and Domestic Animals -- Packinghouse, Equipment, and Tools -- PRODUCTION PRACTICES IMPACTING FRESH PRODUCE SAFETY -- Conventional versus Organic Farming Systems -- Sustainable Farming Systems -- Greenhouses -- SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES TO MITIGATE FOOD SAFETY RISKS ON PRODUCE FARMS -- Buffer Zones -- Vegetative Filter Strips (Buffer Strips) -- Soil Solarization -- Short-Term Cover Cropping -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 3. Preharvest Food Safety Challenges in Beef and Dairy Production -- INTRODUCTION -- Assessing Risk -- Cattle Production Systems -- A Historical Perspective of Preharvest Food Safety -- CURRENT PREHARVEST CHALLENGES IN BEEF AND DAIRY PRODUCTS -- Chemical Hazards -- Physical Hazards -- Biological Hazards.

REGULATORY AND VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS FOR PREHARVEST SAFETY OF BEEF AND DAIRY PRODUCTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 4. Preharvest Food Safety in Broiler Chicken Production -- INTRODUCTION -- OVERVIEW OF SALMONELLA AND CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTIONS IN HUMANS THAT ARE LINKED TO POULTRY PRODUCTS -- STRUCTURE OF INTEGRATED POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES -- USDA-FSIS NEW STANDARDS FOR SALMONELLA AND CAMPYLOBACTER -- The New Salmonella Standards for Broilers -- The New Campylobacter Standards for Broilers -- CONTROL OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS IN BROILER PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AT THE PREHARVEST LEVEL -- Feed Contamination and Recontamination -- Breeder Flocks (Parent Stock) -- Hatchery -- Farm and Farm Environment -- CONCLUSIONS -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 5. Egg Safety in the Realm of Preharvest Food Safety -- INTRODUCTION -- CONTAMINATION OF SHELL EGGS -- Feed Components and Additives -- Vaccination -- Housing System -- Other Preharvest Factors -- PREVENTION CONTROLS FOR EGG SAFETY -- DECONTAMINATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR SHELL EGGS -- Chemical Disinfectants -- Pasteurization of Eggs -- Thermoultrasonication -- Ozone Treatment -- Nonthermal Gas Plasma Treatment -- Acidic Electrolyzed Water -- Pulsed Light Technology -- UV Irradiation -- Formaldehyde Fumigation -- FDA RULE ON SHELL EGG SAFETY -- CONCLUSIONS -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 6. Nuts and Grains: Microbiology and Preharvest Contamination Risks -- INTRODUCTION -- NUT PRODUCTION, MICROBIOLOGY, AND CONTAMINATION SOURCES -- Natural Microflora on Nuts -- Bacterial Pathogens on Nuts -- Preharvest Contamination Sources for Nuts -- Prevalence and Concentration of Pathogens on Nuts -- Recalls and Outbreaks -- GRAIN MICROBIOLOGY AND CONTAMINATION SOURCES -- Fungi Associated with Grains -- Bacteria Associated with Grains -- GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES FOR NUTS AND GRAINS.

Site History -- Water Source -- Agricultural Land Management -- Agricultural Chemical Use -- Manure Application -- Worker Hygiene -- Harvesting -- Plant Cleaning and Sanitation -- Documentation and Record Keeping -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 7. Risks Associated with Fish and Seafood -- INTRODUCTION -- BACTERIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FISH AND SEAFOOD -- VIRAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FISH AND SEAFOOD -- NOROVIRUS -- HEPATITIS A -- PARASITIC RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FISH AND SEAFOOD -- AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FISH AND SEAFOOD -- CAUSES OF SEAFOOD RISKS -- Raw or Minimally Processed Fish and Seafood -- Ready-to-Eat Fish and Seafood -- Fully Cooked Fish and Seafood -- CONCLUSION -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 8. Water for Agriculture: the Convergence of Sustainability and Safety -- INTRODUCTION -- Irrigation Water and Contamination -- Livestock Water and Contamination -- REGULATING WATER -- MITIGATION STRATEGIES FOR AGRICULTURAL WATER -- Chemicals -- Ozone -- Ultraviolet Radiation -- Copper and Silver Ionization -- Sand Filtration -- Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI) Filtration -- WATER REUSE -- Water Reuse Terminology -- Agricultural Water Reuse -- ILLUSTRATED CASES -- Foodborne Outbreaks Associated with Fruits and Vegetables Through Contact with Surface or Irrigation Water -- Presence of Bacterial Pathogens in Surface Waters -- Presence of Enterohemorrhagic -- (EHEC) Virulence Factors in Surface and Harvested Rainwater -- SUMMARY -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 9. Importance of Soil Amendments: Survival of Bacterial Pathogens in Manure and Compost Used as Organic Fertilizers -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHOGEN SURVIVAL IN MANURE-AMENDED SOILS -- Effect of Soil Type on Survival of Pathogens in Manure-Amended Soils -- Survival of E. coli in Manure-Amended Soils in Greenhouse Trials -- Role of Stress Response Genes in E. coli in Survival in Manure-Amended Soils.

Effect of Application Method and Geographic Location on Survival of E. coli in Manure-Amended Soils -- Pathogen Survival in Biosolids-Amended Soils -- E. coli and Salmonella Survival in Manure Dust -- Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistance Genes in Manure-Amended Soils -- Detection of Non-O157 EHEC E. coli in Manure -- COMPOST -- Survival and Resuscitation of Pathogens in Compost -- Resuscitation/Regrowth of Pathogens in Compost -- Microbial Competition Inhibiting Pathogen Growth in Compost -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- II: EMERGING ISSUES IN PREHARVEST FOOD SAFETY -- 10. Reducing Foodborne Pathogen Persistence and Transmission in Animal Production Environments: Challenges and Opportunities -- BACKGROUND -- Advancements in Meat and Poultry Safety Research -- Good Animal Management Practices Are the Foundation -- PERSISTENCE AND TRANSMISSION IN PREHARVEST ENVIRONMENTS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- Can Targeting Super-Shedders Reduce Food Safety Risk? -- What Drives Pathogen Persistence in Animal Production? -- Can We Select for Resistant Animals? -- Can the Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Ecosystem Affect Pathogen Persistence? -- ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF PREHARVEST PATHOGEN REDUCTION: REDUCING WATER AND PRODUCE CONTAMINATION -- ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PREHARVEST RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 11. Emerging Foodborne and Agriculture-Related Viruses -- VIRUSES POTENTIALLY SPREAD BY CONTAMINATED FOOD -- Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) -- Tick-Borne Encephalitis -- Enterovirus -- Saffold Virus -- Aichi Virus -- Saliviruses and Klasseviruses -- Cosavirus -- Bocavirus -- Astroviruses -- Adenoviruses -- Rotavirus and Reovirus -- Anellovirus -- Cyclovirus -- VIRUS THREATS POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH AGRICULTURE -- Influenza Viruses -- Poxviruses -- Coronaviruses -- Nipah and Hendra Viruses -- Bunyavirus.

ANIMAL RESERVOIRS OF VIRUSES -- Bats -- Wild Bush Meat -- Rodents -- Swine -- Bovines -- Poultry -- Migratory Waterfowl -- Bivalve Shellfish -- Exotic and Common Pets -- METAGENOMICS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 12. Toxoplasma gondii as a Parasite in Food: Analysis and Control -- MORPHOLOGY, STRUCTURE, AND LIFE CYCLE -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- FOODBORNE TRANSMISSION -- PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL FEATURES -- DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT -- PREVENTION -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 13. Local Food Systems Food Safety Concerns -- FOOD SAFETY MODERNIZATION ACT -- FACTORS OF PATHOGEN CONTAMINATION IN PRODUCE Soil -- Irrigation and Surface Runoff Waters -- Birds -- Washing Produce -- Internalization of Pathogens -- Farmers' Markets -- Local Foods and Community Supported Agriculture -- GAPs and GAP Audits -- GAPs versus the National Organic Program -- Investigating Audit Barriers and Compliance -- Barriers to Produce Food Safety Revealed from Data Collection -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 14. Preharvest Food Safety Under the Influence of a Changing Climate -- GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS -- ILLUSTRATIONS -- Waterborne Disease -- Seafood -- Fruit and Vegetable Production -- Mycotoxins -- CONCLUSIONS -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- 15. Potential for Meta-Analysis in the Realm of Preharvest Food Safety -- INTRODUCTION -- META-ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS -- THE PROCESS OF META-ANALYSIS -- Visualizing the Results from Individual Studies -- Calculating a Summary Effect -- Evaluating Heterogeneity -- Exploring Causes of Heterogeneity: Meta-Regression and Subgroup Analysis -- Limitations of Meta-Analysis -- Reporting the Results of a Meta-Analysis -- CHALLENGES -- SUMMARY -- CITATION -- REFERENCES -- III: EMERGING SOLUTIONS TO PREHARVEST FOOD SAFETY.

16. Phage Therapy Approaches to Reducing Pathogen Persistence and Transmission in Animal Production Environments: Opportunities and Challenges.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.