Estuarine Ecohydrology : An Introduction.

Front Cover -- Estuarine Ecohydrology - An Introduction -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface to the 2nd Edition -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1. What is an estuary? -- 1.2. Humanity and estuaries -- 1.2.1. Sedimentation from erosion from cleared land in the catchment -- 1.2.2. Overfishing and trawling -- 1.2.3. Destruction of wetlands -- 1.2.4. Eutrophication -- 1.2.5. Chemical pollution -- 1.2.6. Dams -- 1.2.7. Dykes for flood protection and land claim -- 1.2.8. Sinking deltas -- 1.2.9. Bioinvasions -- 1.2.10. Climate change -- 1.2.11. Human health risks -- 1.2.12. Lack of governance -- 1.3. Ecohydrology as the solution -- 1.4. Ecohydrological science: The structure of this book -- Chapter 2: Estuarine water circulation -- 2.1. The tides at sea -- 2.2. The residence time of water -- 2.2.1. Vertically well-mixed estuary -- 2.2.2. Vertically stratified estuary -- 2.3. The age of water -- 2.4. Exposure time versus residence time -- 2.5. Stratification -- 2.5.1. Vertical mixing -- 2.5.2. Types of estuarine circulation -- 2.5.3. The special case of extremely muddy estuaries -- 2.5.4. Microturbulence -- 2.6. Lateral stratification, trapping, and streakiness -- 2.7. The importance of the bathymetry on currents -- 2.8. The importance of coastal currents and waves for estuarine flushing -- 2.9. The importance of storms on the estuarine circulation -- 2.10. The special case of lagoons -- 2.11. The influence of the Earth rotation -- 2.12. Ship waves -- Chapter 3: Estuarine sediment dynamics -- 3.1. Geomorphological time scales -- 3.2. Sediment properties and dynamics -- 3.2.1. Classifying sediments: The distinction between mud, silt and sand -- 3.2.2. The role of the sediment in estuarine ecology -- 3.2.3. Sand dynamics -- 3.2.3.1. Processes and modelling -- 3.2.3.2. The importance of the biology: Ecosystem engineers.

3.2.3.3. Muddy sand -- 3.2.4. Mud dynamics -- 3.2.4.1. Laboratory and field results -- 3.2.4.2. The role of the biology in fine sediment dynamics -- Erosion -- Settling -- Consolidation -- 3.2.4.3. Asymmetric mixing -- 3.2.4.4. Estuarine fine sediment circulation -- 3.2.4.5. Mud controls the water circulation -- 3.3. Stability of the banks -- 3.4. Tidal pumping -- 3.5. Some engineering implications -- 3.6. Biological implications of the export of estuarine mud to coastal waters -- 3.7. Net sediment budgets -- 3.7.1. Net erosion or progradation -- 3.7.2. Formation of mudflats -- 3.7.3. Formation of tidal wetlands by the vegetation colonising mudflats -- 3.8. The size of the mouth -- 3.9. Mud and human health -- Chapter 4: Tidal wetlands -- 4.1. Description -- 4.2. Hydrodynamics -- 4.3. Wave attenuation by wetland vegetation -- 4.3.1. Mangroves -- 4.3.2. Salt marsh -- 4.3.3. Sea grass -- 4.4. Ecological processes within a tidal wetland -- 4.4.1. Mangroves -- 4.4.2. Salt marshes -- 4.4.3. Supratidal mudflats -- 4.5. Enhancement of estuarine fisheries -- 4.6. Groundwater flow -- 4.6.1. Mangroves -- 4.6.2. Salt marshes -- 4.6.3. Groundwater impact on estuaries -- 4.7. Wetlands as bioengineers -- Chapter 5: Estuarine ecological structure and functioning -- 5.1. Simple food webs -- 5.1.1. Definitions -- 5.1.2. Clear waters -- 5.2. The key role of detritus -- 5.3. The role of groundwater -- 5.4. Estuarine connectivity -- 5.5. Stressed ecosystems -- 5.6. Estuarine water quality barriers -- 5.7. The role of estuaries for fishes and their recruitment to estuaries -- 5.7.1. The estuarine fish community and hydrophysical influences -- 5.7.2. Fish larval recruitment and hydrodynamics -- 5.7.3. Egg mortality and hydrodynamics -- 5.7.4. Link to pelagic food web -- 5.8. The role of birds in estuarine ecohydrology.

5.9. The ecology of tideless estuaries, lagoons and ICOLLS -- Chapter 6: Ecohydrology models -- 6.1. Introduction: Finding a balance between simplicity, complexity and realism -- 6.2. Engineering models -- 6.3. Ecosystem models -- 6.3.1. The LOICZ model -- 6.3.2. Predator-prey relationships -- 6.3.3. Complex estuarine ecosystem models -- 6.3.4. A simple estuarine ecohydrology model -- 6.3.5. The Ecopath model -- 6.3.6. HAB models -- 6.3.7. Hypoxia models -- Chapter 7: Ecohydrology solutions -- 7.1. Ecohydrology as a response to natural and anthropogenic problems -- 7.2. Freshwater supply to estuaries: Environmental flows, the essence of ecohydrology -- 7.3. Estuarine and coastal restoration -- 7.4. Managing human health threats -- 7.5. Habitat creation/restoration -- 7.5.1. Salt marshes -- 7.5.1.1. United States -- 7.5.1.2. Northwest Europe -- 7.5.1.3. Australia -- 7.5.2. Mangroves -- 7.5.3. Sediment capping -- 7.6. Protection against natural hazards -- 7.6.1. Bioshields -- 7.6.2. Protection of deltas -- 7.7. Biodiversity offsetting: Ecohydrology in practice -- 7.7.1. Principles of biodiversity offset -- 7.7.2. International best practice: Key elements to be addressed -- 7.7.3. Underlying ecohydrological knowledge for the creation of suitable conditions -- 7.7.4. Methods, amounts, and ratios of recreated/restored/offset wetland -- 7.8. Main lessons in ecohydrology and ecosystem engineering -- 7.9. What future for estuaries and coastal waters? -- 7.9.1. Lessons learned: Limited success -- 7.9.2. Integrating governance and ecohydrology -- 7.9.3. Success stories: Ecohydrology at the scale of the river catchment -- References -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.