Fracking.

Fracking -- Contents -- Editors -- List of Contributors -- Introduction and Overview: the Role of Shale Gas in Securing Our Energy Future -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 History -- 2 Shale Gas Production and Reserves in the UK -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Exploitation of Reserves -- 2.3 Production -- 3 UK Estimates of Shale Gas -- 3.1 Resource Requirements -- 4 Existing Natural Gas Supplies in the UK -- 5 World Energy Environment: Is Shale likely to be a Game Changer? -- 6 Regulation -- 7 Predictions are Hard, Especially about the Future -- Disclaimer -- References -- Shale Gas Boom, Trade and Environmental Policies: Global Economic and Environmental Analyses in a Multidisciplinary Modeling Framework -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review and Background -- 3 The GTAP Model -- 4 GTAP Model and Database Modifications -- 4.1 Natural Gas in the GTAP Database -- 4.2 Firms' Demand for Energy Items -- 4.3 Depiction of Natural Resources -- 4.4 Treatment of Unemployment -- 5 Simulation Experiments -- 6 Simulation Results -- 6.1 Production -- 6.2 GDP Impacts -- 6.3 Employment -- 6.4 Prices -- 6.5 Trade Impacts -- 6.6 Welfare Impacts -- 6.7 Emissions -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Exploration for Unconventional Hydrocarbons: Shale Gas and Shale Oil -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Shale Resource Systems - Concepts -- 2.1 Shale Gas -- 2.2 Shale (Tight) Oil -- 3 What Makes a Shale Reservoir? -- 3.1 Organic Richness -- 3.2 Porosity -- 3.3 Permeability: Methods - Traditional Core Plug and Crushed Core -- 3.4 Gas Storage: Free versus Adsorbed Gas -- 3.5 Mineralogy -- 3.6 Fractures and Faulting -- 3.7 Confining Elements: ''Flow-Unit'' Concept -- 3.8 Resource and Reserve Evaluation -- 4 Exploration and Exploitation of Shale Reservoirs -- 5 Geological/Environmental Considerations -- 5.1 Hydraulic Fracturing (Completion) -- 5.2 Groundwater Issues -- 5.3 Completion or ''Frac'' Fluids.

6 Shale Resources - USA versus Europe and the Rest of the World -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Climate Change Impacts of Shale Gas Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Life-cycle Climate Impact of Shale Gas Production -- 2.1 Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 2.2 Quantitative Estimates of Life-cycle Climate Impacts -- 3 Shale Gas in the Global Energy System -- 3.1 The Significance of the Energy System in Contributing to Climate Change -- 3.2 Cumulative Emissions and Climate Change -- 3.3 Fossil Fuels in the Context of Emissions Budgets -- 4 Shale Gas as a Transition Fuel -- 4.1 Conditions and Evidence to Date -- 4.2 Future Opportunities? -- References -- The Hydrogeological Aspects of Shale Gas Extraction in the UK -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Potential Shale Gas Resources and Aquifers in the UK -- 2.1 Potential Shale Gas Source Rocks -- 2.2 UK Aquifers -- 3 Water Resources -- 4 Contaminant/Pollutant Sources -- 4.1 Drilling -- 4.2 Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids -- 4.3 Flow Back and Produced (Formation) Wastewater -- 4.4 Shale Gas -- 5 Contaminant Pathways and Receptors -- 5.1 Natural Sub-surface Pathways -- 5.2 Induced Fractures -- 5.3 Drilling and Well Integrity -- 5.4 Surface Accidental Releases of Liquids and Chemicals -- 6 Risk Assessment, Regulation and Groundwater Protection -- 7 Evidence of Shale-gas-related Groundwater Contamination -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Coal Seam Gas Recovery in Australia: Economic, Environmental and Policy Issues -- 1 Introduction and Context -- 1.1 Global Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Outlook -- 1.2 The Australian Context -- 1.3 Conflicting Worldviews -- 2 The Australian Minerals Economy -- 2.1 Exports -- 2.2 Benefits to Australia -- 2.3 Australian Minerals Rights and Resource Taxation Policies Encourage Extraction -- 3 Coal Seam Gas Development in Australia -- 3.1 CSG Extraction Technology.

3.2 Environmental Impacts of CSG -- 4 Toward a Comprehensive Economic Assessment of CSG Development: a Case Study of CSG versus Agriculture on Prime Farmland -- 4.1 Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Prospects for Shale Gas Development in China -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geology and Shale Gas Resources in China -- 3 Recent Progress of Shale Gas Development in China -- 4 Socioeconomic and Employment Benefits of Shale Gas Development in China -- 5 Geopolitical Implications of Shale Gas Development in China -- 6 China's Supportive Policies for Shale Gas Development -- 7 Challenges for Shale Gas Development in China -- 7.1 Complex Geology -- 7.2 Lack of Advanced Shale Gas Development Technologies and Experience -- 7.3 Infrastructure -- 7.4 Water Shortage in Some Areas -- 7.5 Environmental Issues -- 8 The Promising Future of China's Shale Gas Development -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Unconventional and Unburnable: Why going all out for Shale Gas is the Wrong Direction for the UK's Energy Policy -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Government's View -- 2 Environmental Concerns -- 2.1 Climate Change -- 2.2 Water Resources -- 2.3 Water Contamination -- 2.4 Health Impacts -- 2.5 Earthquakes -- 2.6 Will UK Regulation be Adequate? -- 3 Local Economic Impacts -- 3.1 Energy Bills -- 3.2 Jobs and Local Economy -- 4 Energy Security -- 5 Other Forms of Unconventional Gas -- 6 Friends of the Earth's Vision -- 6.1 The Power Sector -- 6.2 Heat -- References -- Subject Index.

Fracking - hydraulic fracturing of porous rock to enhance the extraction of fossil fuels - was first attempted in the mid-20th century, but has only recently been adopted as a viable source of hydrocarbons. This volume in the Issues series examines the technology, and its potential environmental implications.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.