Roll-To-Roll Manufacturing : Process Elements and Recent Advances.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing: An Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 R2R Operation Overview -- 1.3 Process Economics -- 1.4 Environmental, Health, and Safety Considerations -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Coating and Solidification -- 2.1 Coating Methods -- 2.1.1 Coating Fundamentals -- 2.1.1.1 Wetting -- 2.1.1.2 Coating Distribution -- 2.1.1.3 The Coating Window -- 2.1.2 Coating Hardware -- 2.1.2.1 Pre-metered Coating -- 2.1.2.2 Self-Metered Coating -- 2.1.3 Selecting a Coating Method -- 2.2 Drying and Curing -- 2.2.1 Principles -- 2.2.1.1 Choice of Solidification Method -- 2.2.1.2 Coupled Mass and Energy Transfer -- 2.2.1.3 Infrared Drying -- 2.2.1.4 UV Curing -- 2.2.1.5 E-Beam Curing -- 2.2.1.6 Dielectric Drying -- 2.2.1.7 The Drying Curve -- 2.2.2 Hardware -- 2.2.2.1 Conduction -- 2.2.2.2 Convection -- 2.2.2.3 IR Drying -- 2.3 Defect Management -- 2.3.1 Characterizing Defects -- 2.3.2 Defect Naming -- 2.3.3 Online Defect Characterization Systems -- 2.3.4 Defect Troubleshooting -- 2.3.4.1 Contamination -- 2.3.4.2 Substrate Deficiencies -- 2.3.4.3 Liquid Coating Quality -- 2.3.4.4 Unsuitable Coating Method -- 2.3.4.5 Inadequate Design of Coating Line Equipment -- 2.3.4.6 Deterioration of Coating Line Equipment -- 2.3.4.7 Drying-Induced Defects -- 2.3.4.8 Variations in Web Handling System -- 2.3.4.9 Inadequate Operating Procedures and Training -- 2.3.4.10 Key Variables Not Properly Controlled -- References -- Chapter 3 Drying of Polymer Solutions: Modeling and Real-Time Tracking of the Process -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Modeling of the Drying Process -- 3.3 Real-Time Tracking of the Drying Process of Polymer Solutions -- 3.3.1 Real-Time Measurement System -- 3.3.2 Drying Process of Polyimide/N,N‐Dimethylformamide Solutions.

3.3.3 Real-Time Study of Drying and Imidization of Polyamic Acid/NMP Solution -- 3.3.4 Development of Optical Gradient During Evaporation of Solvent -- 3.3.5 Effect of Organoclay and Graphene Oxide on the Drying Process of PAI/DMAc Solution -- 3.3.6 Real-Time Drying Study of Polyetherimide/NMP -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 In-Line Vacuum Deposition -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Substrates -- 4.2.1 Polymer Substrates -- 4.2.2 Flexible Glass -- 4.2.3 Metal Foils -- 4.2.4 Fibers, Fabrics, Nonwovens, and Foams -- 4.2.5 Paper -- 4.3 Managing Defects -- 4.4 Managing Heat Load -- 4.5 Vacuum Deposition Systems -- 4.5.1 Batch Systems -- 4.5.2 Air-to-Air Systems -- 4.6 Vacuum Deposition Processes -- 4.6.1 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) -- 4.6.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) -- 4.6.3 Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) -- 4.7 Vacuum-Deposited Coatings for Growth Markets -- 4.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Web Handling and Winding -- 5.1 Web Handling -- 5.2 Design for Manufacturability (DFM) for Web Handling -- 5.3 Rollers -- 5.4 Tension Control -- 5.5 Nip Control -- 5.6 Temperature, Speed, and Gravity -- 5.7 Web Path Control, Guiding, and Oscillators -- 5.8 Slitting and Trim Removal -- 5.9 Winding -- 5.10 Wrinkling -- References -- Chapter 6 Polymer Film Substrates for Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing: Process-Structure-Property Relationships -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Category II: Polyester Films -- 6.2.1 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) -- 6.2.2 Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) and Poly(etherimide) (PEI) Blend -- 6.2.3 Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN) -- 6.3 Category I: Solvent Cast High Tg Materials -- 6.3.1 Polyimides -- 6.4 Summary -- 6.4.1 Transparency -- 6.4.2 Thermal Properties -- 6.4.3 Barrier to Moisture and Gases and Planarization Requirements -- References -- Chapter 7 Curl Effects in Roll-to-Roll Operations -- 7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Core-Set Curl -- 7.3 Physical Aging Effects -- 7.4 Core-Set Curl in R2R Operations -- 7.5 Other Curl Mechanisms and Curl Mitigation Strategies -- References -- Chapter 8 Roll-to-Roll Processing of Glass -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 History of Rolled Glass at Corning -- 8.3 Key Attributes of Glass -- 8.4 Properties of Glass That Impact R2R Processing -- 8.5 Important Considerations for a Successful R2R Glass Process -- 8.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 Novel Hybrid Composite Films by Roll-to-Roll Processing -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Process Overview -- 9.3 Transparent Electrically Conductive Films -- 9.4 Bendable Aerogels (Xerogel) -- 9.5 Flexible Hydrogels -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing of Flexible Displays -- 10.1 Introduction: Thin and Flexible Substrates -- 10.1.1 Thinner Display Architectures -- 10.1.2 Challenges in Migrating to Roll-to-Roll -- 10.1.3 General Description of Roll-to-Roll Manufacture of Flexible Flat Panel Displays -- 10.1.3.1 Flexible Substrate -- 10.1.3.2 Application of Electrode -- 10.1.3.3 Electro-optic Layer -- 10.1.3.4 Cover Layer/Encapsulation -- 10.1.3.5 Singulation -- 10.1.3.6 Integration and Test -- 10.2 Roll-to-Roll Display Technologies -- 10.2.1 Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Displays -- 10.2.1.1 Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan -- 10.2.1.2 Kent Displays, Inc. -- 10.2.2 Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays -- 10.2.2.1 Background -- 10.2.2.2 Challenges in AMOLED Manufacturing -- 10.2.2.3 OLED Manufacturing Examples -- 10.2.3 Electrophoretic Displays -- 10.2.3.1 Function -- 10.2.3.2 Structure -- 10.2.3.3 Manufacturing -- 10.2.4 Microfluidic Displays -- 10.2.4.1 Function -- 10.2.4.2 Structure -- 10.2.4.3 Technology -- 10.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11 Flexible Solar Cells -- 11.1 Introduction to Photovoltaic Technologies.

11.2 R2R Processing -- 11.2.1 Substrates for R2R Processing -- 11.2.2 Solution-Based R2R Methods -- 11.3 Organic Photovoltaics -- 11.3.1 Technology Assessment -- 11.3.2 Roll-to-Roll Printing and Coating of Electrode Materials -- 11.3.3 Patterning and Module Manufacturing -- 11.3.4 Current Progress in R2R Manufacturing of Organic Photovoltaics -- 11.4 Perovskite Photovoltaics -- 11.4.1 Scalable Processing Techniques for Manufacturing Perovskite Solar Cells -- 11.4.2 Other Challenges in the Scale‐Up of Perovskite Solar Cells -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Field-Assisted Self-Assembly of Nanocomposite Films: A Roll-to-Roll Approach -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Process Overview -- 12.3 Electric Field Alignment -- 12.3.1 Orienting Clay Particles in Electric Field -- 12.3.2 Orienting BaTiO3 Particles in Electric Field -- 12.4 Magnetic Field Alignment -- 12.5 Thermal Gradient -- 12.5.1 Directional Crystal Growth Using Thermal Gradient -- 12.5.2 Block Copolymer Oriented with Thermal Gradient -- 12.6 Conclusions -- References -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.