Effective SLP Interventions for Children with Cerebral Palsy : NDT/Traditional/Eclectic.

Intro -- CHAPTER 1 The Development in Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) for the SLP Fran Redstone The SLP and CP Is it reasonable to expect a child with shallow breathing, open-mouth posture, and a tongue thrust, whose body is fixed in extension, to manipulate toys or interact with peers in a stimulating home or school environment? No, of course not, it is an exercise in frustration for the child and in futility for the child's unprepared speech-language pathologist (SLP). I know this because I've been -- CHAPTER 2 The ABCs of NDT Fran Redstone Introduction Cerebral palsy has traditionally been defined as a neuromuscular deficit caused by a nonprogressive lesion in the immature brain that leads to impaired motor functioning (Bartlett &amp -- Palisano, 2000 -- Bax, 1964, 2001 -- Bennett, 1999). It is an aggregate of developmental disorders of movement and posture that result in varied clinical manifestations and activity limitations (Bax, Goldstein, Rosenbaum, Leviton, &amp -- Paneth, 2005 -- Reddy, 2005). It is de -- CHAPTER 3 ABCs of CP and Accompanying Motor Speech Disorders: An Overview Marilyn S. Workinger Introduction There are approximately three-quarters of a million individuals in the United States with cerebral palsy (United Cerebral Palsy (UCP), 2013) with about 10,000 babies born each year who may develop the symptoms of cerebral palsy (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), 2013). In order to provide the best possible services for these individuals, the speech-language pathologist (SLP.

CHAPTER 4 Feeding the Whole Child Using NDT Fran Redstone Introduction Many of my friends agree that eating is one of the most enjoyable activities in life. The tastes, smells, and social interactions that occur around the feeding experience are described in books and portrayed in movies. In addition, eating is one of the two necessary functions for survival (Arvedson &amp -- Brodsky, 2002). As SLPs we think of eating as an oral-motor activity but it is so much more. Now consider how this experience m -- CHAPTER 5 Feeding in the NICU Marjorie M. Palmer Introduction Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play a significant role in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) especially concerning the assessment and treatment of feeding skills of infants and the education of team and family members (ASHA, 2004). SLPs first provided NICU services in the 1980s, before ASHA became involved in feeding and swallowing. The clinicians who worked in this environment were typically NDT certified because they had t -- CHAPTER 6 Respiratory Control Fran Redstone Introduction: Respiration Breathing is one of those things we never think about (Ferrand, 2001). It just happens. And that's the way it should be. We breathe for life -- to exchange gasses (Freed, 2012) -- CO2 out, O2 in. The exchange takes place in the lungs at the alveoli. Quiet breathing is also known as tidal breathing or vegetative breathing. Air is taken in when our diaphragm contracts. Contraction leads to an increase in the size of the thoracic cav.

CHAPTER 7 NDT and Speech Sound Production Leslie Faye Davis and Fran Redstone Introduction: The Speech Production System Speech is the acoustic output of the coordination of the subsystems of the speech production system. Typically, we think of phonation as the output from the linkage of the respiratory and laryngeal subsystems. And then there is articulation, occurring in the oral cavity. But speech is so much more. Some terms used to describe the skill of speaking are: "complex," "rapid," "pre -- CHAPTER 8 Saliva Control and Drooling in Children with Cerebral Palsy Fran Redstone Introduction Saliva is the watery substance that protects our teeth, provides lubrication for swallowing, aids in digestion, and leads to oral comfort (Blasco &amp -- Allaire, 1992). Although two to six cups (Bakke, Bardow, &amp -- Moller, 2012) are produced daily by the six salivary glands (Arvedson &amp -- Brodsky, 2002), we are typically unaware of its existence because we automatically control it through swallowing. We swallow -- CHAPTER 9 Early Language Intervention and Interaction Fran Redstone Introduction When we hear the term "language" we typically think "speech." However, we need to remember that speech is just one form of expressive language. Other examples of expressive language include writing, gesture, sign language, and AAC. To begin with we should agree on some basic terminology. I'm sure you are all familiar with how linguists label the components of language: semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, and p.

CHAPTER 10 AAC for Children with Cerebral Palsy Cindy Geise Arroyo Introduction Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has transformed the lives of children with various types and severity levels of cerebral palsy. Because communication is considered the essence of life (ASHA, 2005), AAC has created opportunities never thought possible before. Prior to the 1980s individuals with severe communication impairments, such as those associated with cerebral palsy, struggled to communicate in -- CHAPTER 11 Literacy Challenges and Early Intervention for Children Using Aided Communication: Starting Well Martine M. Smith Introduction As you made your way through this book, you may have encountered some new ideas, or gained a new perspective on some things you already knew -- you may have found yourself disagreeing with some of the issues raised or perspectives offered, or thinking of specific clients you have worked with -- at times you may have found it hard to keep track of ideas and have ta -- CHAPTER 12  Commentary on Evidence-Based Practice and NDT Fran Redstone Evidence-Based Practice In 2000 Sackett and his colleagues devised a system that scrutinized studies to determine their level of evidence for medicine. Through this system the authors propose that the best evidence is produced by randomized controlled trials (RCT) (Dijkers, Murphy, &amp -- Krellman, 2012) whereas lower levels of evidence are found in case reports and expert opinions (Tomlin &amp -- Borgetto, 2011). The American Speech,.

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