Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline.

Front Cover -- Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive Decline -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Foreword -- I. Introductory Aspects, Specific Conditions, and Basic Mechanisms in Dementia and Cognitive Decline -- 1 Cognitive Impairment and Dementia -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Mild Cognitive Impairment -- History and Development of Mild Cognitive Impairment -- Subtypes of MCI -- Epidemiology of MCI -- Pathophysiology of Cognitive Decline -- Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline -- Current Diagnostic Criteria for MCI and AD -- Preclinical Stages of Dementia -- Core Clinical Criteria of "MCI Due to AD" -- Research Criteria of "MCI Due to AD" -- Diagnosis of Dementia -- Treatment of Cognitive Decline -- Applications to Other Areas of Cognitive Decline -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- References -- 2 Alzheimer's Disease -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Clinical Symptoms -- Neuropathology -- Metabolic Disturbances -- Therapeutics -- Diagnostic Tools -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- References -- 3 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Dementia -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Care -- Riluzole -- Multidisciplinary Care -- Nutrition -- Respiration -- Palliative Care and Hospice -- Symptomatic Treatments -- Epidemiology -- Incidence and Mortality -- Risk Factors -- Measuring Progression -- Clinical Features That Predict Survival -- Clinical Trials -- Applications to Other Dementias -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- References -- 4 Corticobasal Degeneration and Dementia -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Clinical Features -- Neuropathology -- Gross Features -- Histopathology -- Molecular Pathology -- Neuroimaging -- Diagnosis -- Causes -- Application to Other Dementias -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- References.

5 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Dementia -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Prion Protein in Health and Disease -- Etiological Classification of Human Prion Diseases -- Neuropathological Aspects -- Molecular Basis of Phenotypic Variability -- Clinical Symptoms -- Sporadic CJD -- Iatrogenic CJD -- Variant CJD -- Genetic CJD -- Sporadic and Familial Fatal Insomnia -- GSS Disease and PrP Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy -- Differential Diagnosis -- Currently Available and Routinely Used Laboratory Tests -- Neuroimaging -- Electroencephalogram -- Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Applications to Other Areas of Cognitive Decline -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- References -- 6 Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Diagnostic Criteria of bvFTD -- Genetics: Autosomal-Dominant Inherited Mutations and Pathogenic-Related Mechanisms -- MAPT -- GRN -- C9ORF72 -- Additional Genes -- Final Remarks -- Applications to Other Dementias -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 7 Gaucher Disease and Dementia -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Neuronopathic GD -- Pathological Mechanisms -- Establishment of an In Vitro GD Model to Study Neurodegenerative Mechanisms -- Applications to Other Dementia -- GD and Parkinson's Disease -- GD and Dementia with Lewy Bodies -- Practical Applications -- Therapeutic Approaches for GD -- Clinical Applications to Other Dementia -- Summary Points -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Huntington's Disease and Dementia: From Transgenic Models to Molecular Neuropathology -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Neuropathology and Dementia in HD -- Cognitive Changes in HD -- HD Transgenic Models -- Truncated Models -- Full-Length Models -- Knockin Models -- Other Genetic HD Models -- Molecular Etiology of HD -- Mutant HTT Misfolding and Protein Aggregation.

Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress -- Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Excitotoxicity -- NMDA Receptor Signaling -- Glutamate Uptake -- Dysregulated Corticostriatal Neuronal Processing as a Key Driver of HD Neuropathology -- Conclusion -- Applications to Other Areas of Cognitive Decline -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- References -- 9 Dementia with Lewy Bodies -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Clinical Features -- Neuropathology -- Gross Features -- Histopathology -- Molecular Pathology -- Neuroimaging -- Diagnosis -- Causes -- Application to Other Dementias -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- References -- 10 Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Putative Nutritional and Lifestyle Risk Facto ... -- List of Abbreviations -- Hydrocephalus -- The Clinical Syndrome of NPH -- Etiology of NPH: Idiopathic and Secondary -- Applications to Other Dementias -- Diagnosis of NPH -- Surgical Management of NPH -- Diet and Nutrition in iNPH -- Summary -- Summary Points -- References -- 11 Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Parkinson's Disease -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- History -- Concepts and Pathophysiology -- Epidemiology -- Etiology and Risk Factors -- Clinical Features and Diagnosis -- Motor Features -- Non-Motor Features -- Neuroimaging -- Functional Imaging -- Cognitive Dysfunction in PD -- Epidemiology of Cognitive Decline and Dementia in PD -- Risk Factors for PDD -- Neuropathology in PD and PDD -- Clinical Picture Spectrum -- Cognitive Domains -- Memory -- Executive Functions -- Attention -- Visuospatial Functions -- Language/Speech -- PD-MCI Diagnostic Criteria -- Criteria for the Diagnosis and Specific Guidelines for PD-MCI (Figure 11.2) -- Subtype Classification of PD-MCI -- PDD Diagnostic Criteria -- Behavioral Alterations in PD -- Treatment -- General Considerations.

Treatment of PDD and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms -- Applications to Other Areas of Cognitive Decline -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- References -- 12 Pick's Disease: The Evolution of Theory and Knowledge in Neurodegenerative Tauopathies -- List of Abbreviations -- Classical Conceptualization -- Conceptual Evolution: Micropathology Guides Construct Development -- The Essentials of Tau Protein -- Tau and Pathology -- Conceptual Evolution: From "Pick's Disease" to FTLD -- FTLD-Tau with Pick bodies -- Epidemiology -- Pathological Findings -- Clinical Presentation -- Applications to Other Dementia -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Posterior Cortical Atrophy and Dementia -- Introduction -- Prevalence -- Pathophysiology -- Risk Factors -- Clinical Features -- Non-Cognitive Symptoms -- Cognitive Symptoms -- Some Examples of PCA Presentations -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Practical Issues -- Differential Diagnosis -- Diagnostic Features -- Diagnostic Testing -- Neuroimaging -- Structural Imaging -- Functional Neuroimaging -- Application to Other Dementias -- Treatment -- Summary Points -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 14 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Dementia -- List of Abbreviations -- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy -- General Aspects -- Epidemiology -- Pathology and Neurobiology -- Clinical Manifestation -- Differential Diagnosis -- Diagnostic Workup -- Clinical Investigation -- Imaging -- Biofluid Markers -- Therapy -- Cognitive Decline and Dementia in PSP -- Epidemiology -- Pathology and Neurobiology -- Clinical Manifestation -- Executive Function and Cognitive Slowing -- Neuropsychiatric Symptoms -- Social Cognition -- Memory -- Language -- Differential Diagnosis -- Diagnostic Workup -- Neuropsychological Assessment -- Imaging -- Biofluid Markers -- Therapy.

Application to Other Areas of Cognitive Decline -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- References -- 15 Cognitive Vascular Impairment: An Overview of Clinical, Diagnosis, and Treatment -- Introduction -- Definition and Diagnostic Criteria -- Definition of VaD -- Definition of VaMCI -- Mechanisms of Disease -- Pathophysiological Subtypes of VCI -- Mixed AD/CVD -- Clinical Evaluation -- Neuropsychological Assessment -- Neuroimaging -- Treatment -- Summary Points -- References -- 16 Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome and Dementia -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Historical Perspectives -- Epidemiology of WKS -- Thiamine Metabolic Functions -- Mechanisms Leading to Thiamine Deficiency in WKS -- Pathology and Neurological Damage in WKS -- Clinical Features of WKS -- Diagnosis of WKS -- Treatment of WKS -- Applications to Other DementiaS -- Alcohol-Related Dementia -- ARD and Its Relationship to Other Dementias -- Treatment of ARD -- Conclusions -- Practical Issues -- Summary Points -- References -- 17 Rare and Unusual Dementias -- List of Abbreviation -- Introduction -- Degenerative Causes -- Vitamin-Related Deficiencies -- Metal and Other Toxicities -- Infectious Causes -- Prion Diseases -- Endocrinal and Metabolic Causes -- Brain Trauma and Other Injuries -- Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Disorders -- Autoimmune and Inflammatory Causes -- Summary Points -- References -- 18 Dementia: An Overview of Risk Factors -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Epidemiology of Dementia and Risk Factors -- Vascular Risk Factors and Dementia Why Was it Explored? -- Nonmodifiable Risk Factors -- Aging -- Apolipoprotein E -- Genetic Causes -- Alzheimer's Disease -- Vascular Cognitive Impairment -- Frontotemporal Dementia -- Modifiable Risk Factors -- Hypertension -- Diabetes Mellitus -- Hyperlipidemia -- Smoking -- Elevated Plasma Homocysteine.

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