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Automotive Power Transmission Systems.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextSeries: Automotive SeriesPublisher: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2018Copyright date: ©2018Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (455 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781118964910
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Automotive Power Transmission SystemsDDC classification:
  • 629.244
LOC classification:
  • TL262 .Z436 2018
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Automotive Engine Matching -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Output Characteristics of Internal Combustion Engines -- 1.2.1 Engine Output Power and Torque -- 1.2.2 Engine Fuel Map -- 1.2.3 Engine Emission Map -- 1.3 Road Load, Driving Force, and Acceleration -- 1.3.1 Axle Loads -- 1.3.2 Road Loads -- 1.3.3 Powertrain Kinematics and Traction -- 1.3.4 Driving Condition Diagram -- 1.3.5 Ideal Transmission -- 1.3.6 Power-Speed Chart -- 1.4 Selection of Gear Ratios -- 1.4.1 Highest Gear Ratio -- 1.4.2 First Gear Ratio -- 1.4.3 Intermediate Gear Ratios -- 1.4.4 Finalization of Gear Ratios -- References -- Problem -- Chapter 2 Manual Transmissions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Powertrain Layout and Manual Transmission Structure -- 2.3 Power Flows and Gear Ratios -- 2.4 Manual Transmission Clutches -- 2.4.1 Clutch Structure -- 2.4.2 Clutch Torque Capacity -- 2.4.3 Clutch Design -- 2.5 Synchronizer and Synchronization -- 2.5.1 Shift without Synchronizer -- 2.5.2 Shift with Synchronizer -- 2.6 Dynamic Modeling of Synchronization Process -- 2.6.1 Equivalent Mass Moment of Inertia -- 2.6.2 Equation of Motion during Synchronization -- 2.6.3 Condition for Synchronization -- 2.7 Shifting Mechanisms -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 3 Transmission Gear Design -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Gear Design Fundamentals -- 3.2.1 Conjugate Motion and Definitions -- 3.2.2 Property of Involute Curves -- 3.2.3 Involute Curves as Gear Tooth Profiles -- 3.2.4 Characteristics of Involute Gearing -- 3.3 Design of Tooth Element Proportions of Standard Gears -- 3.3.1 Gear Dimensional and Geometrical Parameters -- 3.3.2 Standardization of Tooth Dimensions -- 3.3.3 Tooth Dimensions of Standard Gears -- 3.3.4 Contact Ratio -- 3.3.5 Tooth Thickness and Space along the Tooth Height.
3.4 Design of Non-Standard Gears -- 3.4.1 Standard and Non-Standard Cutter Settings -- 3.4.2 Avoidance of Tooth Undercutting and Minimum Number of Teeth -- 3.4.3 Systems of Non-standard Gears -- 3.4.5 Design of General Non-Standard Gear System -- 3.5 Involute Helical Gears -- 3.5.1 Characteristics of Involute Helical Gearing -- 3.5.2 Design Parameters on the Normal and Transverse Sections -- 3.5.3 Tooth Dimensions of Standard Involute Helical Gears -- 3.5.4 Minimum Number of Teeth for Involute Helical Gears -- 3.5.5 Contact Ratio of Involute Helical Gears -- 3.5.6 Design of Non-standard Involute Helical Gears -- 3.6 Gear Tooth Strength and Pitting Resistance -- 3.6.1 Determination of Gear Forces -- 3.6.2 AGMA Standard on Bending Strength and Pitting Resistance -- 3.6.3 Pitting Resistance -- 3.6.4 Bending Strength -- 3.7 Design of Automotive Transmission Gears -- 3.8 Planetary Gear Trains -- 3.8.1 Simple Planetary Gear Train -- 3.8.2 Dual-Planet Planetary Gear Train -- 3.8.3 Ravigneaux Planetary Gear Train -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 4 Torque Converters -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Torque Converter Structure and Functions -- 4.2.1 Torque Multiplication and Fluid Coupling -- 4.2.2 Torque Converter Locking up -- 4.3 ATF Circulation and Torque Formulation -- 4.3.1 Terminologies and Definitions -- 4.3.2 Velocity Diagrams -- 4.3.3 Angular Momentum of ATF Flow and Torque Formulation -- 4.4 Torque Capacity and Input-Output Characteristics -- 4.4.1 Torque Converter Capacity Factor -- 4.4.2 Input-Output Characteristics -- 4.4.3 Joint Operation of Torque Converter and Engine -- 4.4.4 Joint Operation of Torque Converter and Vehicle Powertrain -- References -- Problem -- Chapter 5 Automatic Transmissions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Structure of Automatic Transmissions -- 5.3 Ratio Analysis and Synthesis -- 5.3.1 Ford FWD Six-Speed AT.
5.3.2 Ford six-speed RWD Ravigneaux AT -- 5.3.3 ZF RWD Eight-Speed AT -- 5.4 Transmission Dynamics -- 5.4.1 Ford FWD Six-Speed AT -- 5.4.2 Ford RWD Six-Speed AT -- 5.4.3 ZF RWD Eight-Speed AT -- 5.5 Qualitative Analysis on Transmission Shifting Dynamics -- 5.6 General Vehicle Powertrain Dynamics -- 5.6.1 General State Variable Equation in Matrix Form -- 5.6.2 Specific State Variable Equation -- 5.6.3 Solution of State Variables by Variable Substitution -- 5.6.4 Vehicle System Integration -- 5.7 Simulation of Vehicle Powertrain Dynamics -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 6 Automatic Transmissions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Components and Hydraulic Circuits for Transmission Control -- 6.3 System Circuit Configurations for Transmission Control -- 6.3.1 System Hydraulic Circuitry for the Previous Generation of ATs -- 6.3.2 System Hydraulic Circuitry for ATs with Independent Clutch Pressure Control -- 6.3.3 System Hydraulic Circuitry for ATs with Direct Clutch Pressure Control -- 6.4 Transmission Control Strategy -- 6.4.1 Transmission shift schedule -- 6.4.2 Torque Converter Lock Control -- 6.4.3 Lock-Release Schedule -- 6.4.4 Lock-Release Operation -- 6.4.5 Engine Torque Control During Shifts -- 6.4.6 Shift Process Control -- 6.4.7 Initial Clutch Pressure Profiles -- 6.4.8 Initial Piston Stroke Attributes -- 6.4.9 Feedback Shift Control -- 6.4.10 Torque Based Shift Control -- 6.4.11 System Diagnosis and Failure Mode Management -- 6.5 Calibration of Transmission Control System -- 6.5.1 Component Level Calibration -- 6.5.2 System Level Calibration -- References -- Problem -- Chapter 7 Continuously Variable Transmissions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 CVT Layouts and Key Components -- 7.2.1 Belt Structure -- 7.2.2 Input and Output Pulleys -- 7.2.3 Basic Ratio Equation -- 7.3 Force Analysis for Belt CVT -- 7.3.1 Forces Acting on a Metal Block.
7.3.2 Forces Acting on Pulley Sheaves -- 7.3.3 Block Compression and Ring Tension -- 7.3.4 Torque Transmitting Mechanism -- 7.3.5 Forces Acting on the Whole Belt -- 7.3.6 Relation between Thrusts on Input and Output Pulleys -- 7.3.7 Ratio Changing Mechanism -- 7.4 CVT Control System Design and Operation Control -- 7.4.1 VBS Based Control System -- 7.4.2 Servo Mechanism Control System -- 7.4.3 Comparison of the Two Control System Designs -- 7.5 CVT Control Strategy and Calibration -- 7.5.1 Line Pressure Control -- 7.5.2 Continuous Ratio Control Strategy -- 7.5.3 Stepped Ratio Control Strategy -- 7.5.4 CVT Control Calibration -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 8 Dual Clutch Transmissions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 DCT Layouts and Key Components -- 8.2.1 Dry Dual Clutch Transmissions -- 8.2.2 Wet Dual Clutch Transmissions -- 8.3 Modeling of DCT Vehicle Dynamics -- 8.3.1 Equations of Motion during Launch and Shifts -- 8.4 DCT Clutch Control -- 8.5 Clutch Torque Formulation -- 8.5.1 Correlation on Clutch Torque and Control Variable -- 8.5.2 Case Study on Clutch Torque and Control Variable Correlation -- 8.5.3 Algorithm for Clutch Torque Calculation under Real Time Conditions -- 8.5.4 Case Study for the Clutch Torque Algorithm -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 9 Electric Powertrains -- 9.1 Basics of Electric Vehicles -- 9.2 Current Status and Trends for EVs -- 9.3 Output Characteristic of Electric Machines -- 9.4 DC Machines -- 9.4.1 Principle of DC Machines -- 9.4.2 Excitation Types of DC Machines -- 9.4.3 Speed Control of DC Machines -- 9.5 Induction Machines -- 9.5.1 Principle of Induction Motors -- 9.5.2 Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motors -- 9.5.3 Speed Control of Induction Machine -- 9.5.4 Variable Frequency, Variable Voltage Control of Induction Motors -- 9.5.5 Efficiency and Losses of Induction Machine.
9.5.6 Field-Oriented Control of Induction Machine -- 9.6 Permanent Magnet Motor Drives -- 9.6.1 Basic Configuration of PM Motors -- 9.6.2 Basic Principle and Operation of PM Motors -- 9.7 Switched Reluctance Motors -- 9.8 EV Transmissions -- 9.8.1 Single-Speed EV Transmission -- 9.8.2 Multiple Ratio EV Transmissions -- 9.9 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Chapter 10 Hybrid Powertrains -- 10.1 Series HEVs -- 10.2 Parallel HEVs -- 10.3 Series-Parallel HEVs -- 10.4 Complex HEVs -- 10.4.1 GM Two-Mode Hybrid Transmission -- 10.4.2 Dual Clutch Hybrid Transmissions -- 10.4.3 Hybrid Transmission Proposed by Zhang, et al. -- 10.4.4 Renault IVT Hybrid Transmission -- 10.4.5 Timken Two-Mode Hybrid Transmission -- 10.4.6 Tsai's Hybrid Transmission -- 10.4.7 Hybrid Transmission with Both Speed and Torque Coupling Mechanism -- 10.4.8 Toyota Highlander and Lexus Hybrid, e-Four Wheel Drive -- 10.4.9 CAMRY Hybrid -- 10.4.10 Chevy Volt Powertrain -- 10.5 Non-Ideal Gears in the Planetary System -- 10.6 Dynamics of Planetary Gear Based Transmissions -- 10.7 Conclusions -- References -- Index -- EULA.
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Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Automotive Engine Matching -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Output Characteristics of Internal Combustion Engines -- 1.2.1 Engine Output Power and Torque -- 1.2.2 Engine Fuel Map -- 1.2.3 Engine Emission Map -- 1.3 Road Load, Driving Force, and Acceleration -- 1.3.1 Axle Loads -- 1.3.2 Road Loads -- 1.3.3 Powertrain Kinematics and Traction -- 1.3.4 Driving Condition Diagram -- 1.3.5 Ideal Transmission -- 1.3.6 Power-Speed Chart -- 1.4 Selection of Gear Ratios -- 1.4.1 Highest Gear Ratio -- 1.4.2 First Gear Ratio -- 1.4.3 Intermediate Gear Ratios -- 1.4.4 Finalization of Gear Ratios -- References -- Problem -- Chapter 2 Manual Transmissions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Powertrain Layout and Manual Transmission Structure -- 2.3 Power Flows and Gear Ratios -- 2.4 Manual Transmission Clutches -- 2.4.1 Clutch Structure -- 2.4.2 Clutch Torque Capacity -- 2.4.3 Clutch Design -- 2.5 Synchronizer and Synchronization -- 2.5.1 Shift without Synchronizer -- 2.5.2 Shift with Synchronizer -- 2.6 Dynamic Modeling of Synchronization Process -- 2.6.1 Equivalent Mass Moment of Inertia -- 2.6.2 Equation of Motion during Synchronization -- 2.6.3 Condition for Synchronization -- 2.7 Shifting Mechanisms -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 3 Transmission Gear Design -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Gear Design Fundamentals -- 3.2.1 Conjugate Motion and Definitions -- 3.2.2 Property of Involute Curves -- 3.2.3 Involute Curves as Gear Tooth Profiles -- 3.2.4 Characteristics of Involute Gearing -- 3.3 Design of Tooth Element Proportions of Standard Gears -- 3.3.1 Gear Dimensional and Geometrical Parameters -- 3.3.2 Standardization of Tooth Dimensions -- 3.3.3 Tooth Dimensions of Standard Gears -- 3.3.4 Contact Ratio -- 3.3.5 Tooth Thickness and Space along the Tooth Height.

3.4 Design of Non-Standard Gears -- 3.4.1 Standard and Non-Standard Cutter Settings -- 3.4.2 Avoidance of Tooth Undercutting and Minimum Number of Teeth -- 3.4.3 Systems of Non-standard Gears -- 3.4.5 Design of General Non-Standard Gear System -- 3.5 Involute Helical Gears -- 3.5.1 Characteristics of Involute Helical Gearing -- 3.5.2 Design Parameters on the Normal and Transverse Sections -- 3.5.3 Tooth Dimensions of Standard Involute Helical Gears -- 3.5.4 Minimum Number of Teeth for Involute Helical Gears -- 3.5.5 Contact Ratio of Involute Helical Gears -- 3.5.6 Design of Non-standard Involute Helical Gears -- 3.6 Gear Tooth Strength and Pitting Resistance -- 3.6.1 Determination of Gear Forces -- 3.6.2 AGMA Standard on Bending Strength and Pitting Resistance -- 3.6.3 Pitting Resistance -- 3.6.4 Bending Strength -- 3.7 Design of Automotive Transmission Gears -- 3.8 Planetary Gear Trains -- 3.8.1 Simple Planetary Gear Train -- 3.8.2 Dual-Planet Planetary Gear Train -- 3.8.3 Ravigneaux Planetary Gear Train -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 4 Torque Converters -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Torque Converter Structure and Functions -- 4.2.1 Torque Multiplication and Fluid Coupling -- 4.2.2 Torque Converter Locking up -- 4.3 ATF Circulation and Torque Formulation -- 4.3.1 Terminologies and Definitions -- 4.3.2 Velocity Diagrams -- 4.3.3 Angular Momentum of ATF Flow and Torque Formulation -- 4.4 Torque Capacity and Input-Output Characteristics -- 4.4.1 Torque Converter Capacity Factor -- 4.4.2 Input-Output Characteristics -- 4.4.3 Joint Operation of Torque Converter and Engine -- 4.4.4 Joint Operation of Torque Converter and Vehicle Powertrain -- References -- Problem -- Chapter 5 Automatic Transmissions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Structure of Automatic Transmissions -- 5.3 Ratio Analysis and Synthesis -- 5.3.1 Ford FWD Six-Speed AT.

5.3.2 Ford six-speed RWD Ravigneaux AT -- 5.3.3 ZF RWD Eight-Speed AT -- 5.4 Transmission Dynamics -- 5.4.1 Ford FWD Six-Speed AT -- 5.4.2 Ford RWD Six-Speed AT -- 5.4.3 ZF RWD Eight-Speed AT -- 5.5 Qualitative Analysis on Transmission Shifting Dynamics -- 5.6 General Vehicle Powertrain Dynamics -- 5.6.1 General State Variable Equation in Matrix Form -- 5.6.2 Specific State Variable Equation -- 5.6.3 Solution of State Variables by Variable Substitution -- 5.6.4 Vehicle System Integration -- 5.7 Simulation of Vehicle Powertrain Dynamics -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 6 Automatic Transmissions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Components and Hydraulic Circuits for Transmission Control -- 6.3 System Circuit Configurations for Transmission Control -- 6.3.1 System Hydraulic Circuitry for the Previous Generation of ATs -- 6.3.2 System Hydraulic Circuitry for ATs with Independent Clutch Pressure Control -- 6.3.3 System Hydraulic Circuitry for ATs with Direct Clutch Pressure Control -- 6.4 Transmission Control Strategy -- 6.4.1 Transmission shift schedule -- 6.4.2 Torque Converter Lock Control -- 6.4.3 Lock-Release Schedule -- 6.4.4 Lock-Release Operation -- 6.4.5 Engine Torque Control During Shifts -- 6.4.6 Shift Process Control -- 6.4.7 Initial Clutch Pressure Profiles -- 6.4.8 Initial Piston Stroke Attributes -- 6.4.9 Feedback Shift Control -- 6.4.10 Torque Based Shift Control -- 6.4.11 System Diagnosis and Failure Mode Management -- 6.5 Calibration of Transmission Control System -- 6.5.1 Component Level Calibration -- 6.5.2 System Level Calibration -- References -- Problem -- Chapter 7 Continuously Variable Transmissions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 CVT Layouts and Key Components -- 7.2.1 Belt Structure -- 7.2.2 Input and Output Pulleys -- 7.2.3 Basic Ratio Equation -- 7.3 Force Analysis for Belt CVT -- 7.3.1 Forces Acting on a Metal Block.

7.3.2 Forces Acting on Pulley Sheaves -- 7.3.3 Block Compression and Ring Tension -- 7.3.4 Torque Transmitting Mechanism -- 7.3.5 Forces Acting on the Whole Belt -- 7.3.6 Relation between Thrusts on Input and Output Pulleys -- 7.3.7 Ratio Changing Mechanism -- 7.4 CVT Control System Design and Operation Control -- 7.4.1 VBS Based Control System -- 7.4.2 Servo Mechanism Control System -- 7.4.3 Comparison of the Two Control System Designs -- 7.5 CVT Control Strategy and Calibration -- 7.5.1 Line Pressure Control -- 7.5.2 Continuous Ratio Control Strategy -- 7.5.3 Stepped Ratio Control Strategy -- 7.5.4 CVT Control Calibration -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 8 Dual Clutch Transmissions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 DCT Layouts and Key Components -- 8.2.1 Dry Dual Clutch Transmissions -- 8.2.2 Wet Dual Clutch Transmissions -- 8.3 Modeling of DCT Vehicle Dynamics -- 8.3.1 Equations of Motion during Launch and Shifts -- 8.4 DCT Clutch Control -- 8.5 Clutch Torque Formulation -- 8.5.1 Correlation on Clutch Torque and Control Variable -- 8.5.2 Case Study on Clutch Torque and Control Variable Correlation -- 8.5.3 Algorithm for Clutch Torque Calculation under Real Time Conditions -- 8.5.4 Case Study for the Clutch Torque Algorithm -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 9 Electric Powertrains -- 9.1 Basics of Electric Vehicles -- 9.2 Current Status and Trends for EVs -- 9.3 Output Characteristic of Electric Machines -- 9.4 DC Machines -- 9.4.1 Principle of DC Machines -- 9.4.2 Excitation Types of DC Machines -- 9.4.3 Speed Control of DC Machines -- 9.5 Induction Machines -- 9.5.1 Principle of Induction Motors -- 9.5.2 Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motors -- 9.5.3 Speed Control of Induction Machine -- 9.5.4 Variable Frequency, Variable Voltage Control of Induction Motors -- 9.5.5 Efficiency and Losses of Induction Machine.

9.5.6 Field-Oriented Control of Induction Machine -- 9.6 Permanent Magnet Motor Drives -- 9.6.1 Basic Configuration of PM Motors -- 9.6.2 Basic Principle and Operation of PM Motors -- 9.7 Switched Reluctance Motors -- 9.8 EV Transmissions -- 9.8.1 Single-Speed EV Transmission -- 9.8.2 Multiple Ratio EV Transmissions -- 9.9 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Chapter 10 Hybrid Powertrains -- 10.1 Series HEVs -- 10.2 Parallel HEVs -- 10.3 Series-Parallel HEVs -- 10.4 Complex HEVs -- 10.4.1 GM Two-Mode Hybrid Transmission -- 10.4.2 Dual Clutch Hybrid Transmissions -- 10.4.3 Hybrid Transmission Proposed by Zhang, et al. -- 10.4.4 Renault IVT Hybrid Transmission -- 10.4.5 Timken Two-Mode Hybrid Transmission -- 10.4.6 Tsai's Hybrid Transmission -- 10.4.7 Hybrid Transmission with Both Speed and Torque Coupling Mechanism -- 10.4.8 Toyota Highlander and Lexus Hybrid, e-Four Wheel Drive -- 10.4.9 CAMRY Hybrid -- 10.4.10 Chevy Volt Powertrain -- 10.5 Non-Ideal Gears in the Planetary System -- 10.6 Dynamics of Planetary Gear Based Transmissions -- 10.7 Conclusions -- References -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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