Energy Subsidies : Lessons Learned in Assessing Their Impact and Designing Policy Reforms.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- The United Nations Environment Programme -- Division of Technology, Industry and Economics -- Economics and Trade Branch -- Executive summary -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Objectives and structure of this report -- 2. Analytical framework -- 2.1 Defining energy subsidies -- 2.2 Measuring energy subsidies -- 2.3 The size of energy subsidies -- 2.4 Analysing the impact of subsidies and their reform -- 2.4.1 Economic, environmental and social effects -- 2.4.2 Identifying linkages -- 2.4.3 Measuring welfare in a common unit -- 2.4.4 Methodological approaches -- 2.4.5 Stakeholder consultation -- 3. Energy subsidies in OECD countries -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 Quantitative assessment of subsidies and impact of their removal -- 3.2.1 IEA coal PSE analysis -- 3.2.2 OECD study using the GREEN model (2000) -- 3.2.3 OECD/IEA study on reforming coal and electricity subsidies (1997) -- 3.2.4 Other studies -- 3.3 Conclusions -- 4. Energy subsidies in the Czech and Slovak Republics -- 4.1 Economic and political overview -- 4.2 Energy market overview -- 4.2.1 Czech Republic -- 4.2.2 Slovak Republic -- 4.2.3 Energy intensity -- 4.3 Energy policy developments in Central and Eastern Europe -- 4.3.1 Energy pricing -- 4.3.2 Energy market liberalisation -- 4.4 Measuring energy subsidies -- 4.4.1 Methodological considerations -- 4.4.2 Czech Republic -- 4.4.3 Slovak Republic -- 4.5 Effects of energy subsidies -- 4.5.1 Economic effects -- 4.5.2 Environmental effects -- 4.5.3 Social effects -- 4.6 Case study of electric heating subsidies -- 4.7 Policy implications -- 5. Energy subsidies in Russia: the case of district heating -- 5.1 Energy subsidies in Russia -- 5.1.1 Natural gas -- 5.1.2 Electricity -- 5.2 District heat subsidies -- 6. Electricity subsidies in India.

6.1 Energy market and policy overview -- 6.2 Electricity sector policies -- 6.2.1 Market structure -- 6.2.2 Structural and regulatory reform -- 6.2.3 Rural electrification -- 6.3 Electricity pricing and subsidies -- 6.4 The impact of electricity subsidies -- 6.4.1 Economic effects -- 6.4.2 Environmental and social effects -- 6.5 Reforming electricity subsidies -- 7. Oil subsidies in Indonesia -- 7.1 Energy market and policy developments -- 7.2 Oil product pricing and subsidies -- 7.3 Cost of oil subsidies -- 7.4 Economic and fiscal benefits of subsidy reform -- 7.5 Environmental benefits of reform -- 7.6 Social benefits of subsidy reform -- 7.7 Implementing reforms -- 8. Energy subsidies in Korea -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Energy subsidies -- 8.2.1 Oil products -- 8.2.2 Electricity -- 8.2.3 Renewable energy sources -- 8.2.4 Coal -- 8.2.5 Natural gas -- 8.3 Energy tax reform plan -- 8.4 Concluding remarks -- 9. Energy subsidy reform in Iran -- 9.1 Economic situation -- 9.2 Energy market overview -- 9.2.1 Energy reserves -- 9.2.2 Energy consumption -- 9.2.3 Energy prices and pricing -- 9.3. Energy subsidies -- 9.4 Distribution of energy subsidies -- 9.5 Inflationary impact of increasing energy prices -- 9.6 Problems caused by energy subsidies -- 9.7 The environmental effects of energy subsidies -- 9.8 Implementation of subsidy reforms -- 10. LPG subsidies in Senegal -- 10.1 Country profile -- 10.2 Objectives of the LPG programme -- 10.3 Implementation of the LPG programme -- 10.4 Impact of the programme -- 10.5 Key policy issues -- 10.6 Conclusions -- 11. The impact of removing energy subsidies in Chile -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Economic, social and energy issues in Chile -- 11.3 Petroleum and coal sectors in Chile -- 11.4 The petroleum price stabilisation fund -- 11.5 The ECOGEM-Chile model and data -- 11.6 Impact of eliminating energy subsidies.

11.6.1 Effects of eliminating coal subsidies -- 11.6.2 Effects of eliminating oil product subsidies -- 11.7 Conclusions -- 12. Analysis of the findings of country case studies -- 12.1 Types of subsidy -- 12.2 Measuring subsidies and assessing their effects -- 12.3 Economic effects -- 12.4 Environmental effects -- 12.5 Social effects -- 12.6 Policy implications -- 13. Designing and implementing energy subsidy reforms -- 13.1 Principles of subsidy reform -- 13.1.1 Targeting -- 13.1.2 Efficiency -- 13.1.3 Rationale -- 13.1.4 Practicality -- 13.1.5 Transparency -- 13.1.6 Duration -- 13.2 Implementing energy subsidy reforms -- 13.2.1 Barriers to reform -- 13.2.2 Overcoming resistance -- 13.3 Conclusions -- Annex: methodological approaches to analysing energy subsidy reform -- A1 Assessing economic effects -- A1.1 Partial equilibrium analysis -- A1.2 General equilibrium analysis -- A1.3 Extended partial equilibrium analysis -- A1.4 Input-output modelling -- A1.5 Indicators of economic effects -- A2 Assessing environmental effects -- A2.1 Local air pollution modelling -- A2.2 Global climate change modelling -- A2.3 Natural resource depletion -- A3 Assessing social effects -- A3.1 Measuring income distribution effects -- A3.2 Assessing the wider social impacts of changes in use and access to different fuels -- A3.3 Potential social advantages of subsidy removal -- A3.4 Integrated assessment -- A4 Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References.

Raising awareness of the actual and potential impacts of energy subsidies and giving guidance to policy-makers on how to design and implement reforms, this title provides methodologies for analysing the impact of subsidies and reviews experiences in a number of countries and regions.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.