Fiber Optic Communications : Fundamentals and Applications.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Electromagnetics and Optics -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Coulomb's Law and Electric Field Intensity -- 1.3 Ampere's Law and Magnetic Field Intensity -- 1.4 Faraday's Law -- 1.4.1 Meaning of Curl -- 1.4.2 Ampere's Law in Differential Form -- 1.5 Maxwell's Equations -- 1.5.1 Maxwell's Equation in a Source-Free Region -- 1.5.2 Electromagnetic Wave -- 1.5.3 Free-Space Propagation -- 1.5.4 Propagation in a Dielectric Medium -- 1.6 1-Dimensional Wave Equation -- 1.6.1 1-Dimensional Plane Wave -- 1.6.2 Complex Notation -- 1.7 Power Flow and Poynting Vector -- 1.8 3-Dimensional Wave Equation -- 1.9 Reflection and Refraction -- 1.9.1 Refraction -- 1.10 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity -- 1.11 Polarization of Light -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 2 Optical Fiber Transmission -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Fiber Structure -- 2.3 Ray Propagation in Fibers -- 2.3.1 Numerical Aperture -- 2.3.2 Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers -- 2.3.3 Dispersion in Multi-Mode Fibers -- 2.3.4 Graded-Index Multi-Mode Fibers -- 2.4 Modes of a Step-Index Optical Fiber* -- 2.4.1 Guided Modes -- 2.4.2 Mode Cutoff -- 2.4.3 Effective Index -- 2.4.4 2-Dimensional Planar Waveguide Analogy -- 2.4.5 Radiation Modes -- 2.4.6 Excitation of Guided Modes -- 2.5 Pulse Propagation in Single-Mode Fibers -- 2.5.1 Power and the dBm Unit -- 2.6 Comparison between Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers -- 2.7 Single-Mode Fiber Design Considerations -- 2.7.1 Cutoff Wavelength -- 2.7.2 Fiber Loss -- 2.7.3 Fiber Dispersion -- 2.7.4 Dispersion Slope -- 2.7.5 Polarization Mode Dispersion -- 2.7.6 Spot Size -- 2.8 Dispersion-Compensating Fibers (DCFs) -- 2.9 Additional Examples -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 3 Lasers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic Concepts.

3.3 Conditions for Laser Oscillations -- 3.4 Laser Examples -- 3.4.1 Ruby Laser -- 3.4.2 Semiconductor Lasers -- 3.5 Wave-Particle Duality -- 3.6 Laser Rate Equations -- 3.7 Review of Semiconductor Physics -- 3.7.1 The PN Junctions -- 3.7.2 Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission at the PN Junction -- 3.7.3 Direct and Indirect Band-Gap Semiconductors -- 3.8 Semiconductor Laser Diode -- 3.8.1 Heterojunction Lasers -- 3.8.2 Radiative and Non-Radiative Recombination -- 3.8.3 Laser Rate Equations -- 3.8.4 Steady-State Solutions of Rate Equations -- 3.8.5 Distributed-Feedback Lasers -- 3.9 Additional Examples -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 4 Optical Modulators and Modulation Schemes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Line Coder -- 4.3 Pulse Shaping -- 4.4 Power Spectral Density -- 4.4.1 Polar Signals -- 4.4.2 Unipolar Signals -- 4.5 Digital Modulation Schemes -- 4.5.1 Amplitude-Shift Keying -- 4.5.2 Phase-Shift Keying -- 4.5.3 Frequency-Shift Keying -- 4.5.4 Differential Phase-Shift Keying -- 4.6 Optical Modulators -- 4.6.1 Direct Modulation -- 4.6.2 External Modulators -- 4.7 Optical Realization of Modulation Schemes -- 4.7.1 Amplitude-Shift Keying -- 4.7.2 Phase-Shift Keying -- 4.7.3 Differential Phase-Shift Keying -- 4.7.4 Frequency-Shift Keying -- 4.8 Partial Response Signals* -- 4.8.1 Alternate Mark Inversion -- 4.9 Multi-Level Signaling* -- 4.9.1 M-ASK -- 4.9.2 M-PSK -- 4.9.3 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation -- 4.10 Additional Examples -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 5 Optical Receivers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Photodetector Performance Characteristics -- 5.2.1 Quantum Efficiency -- 5.2.2 Responsivity or Photoresponse -- 5.2.3 Photodetector Design Rules -- 5.2.4 Dark Current -- 5.2.5 Speed or Response Time -- 5.2.6 Linearity -- 5.3 Common Types of Photodetectors -- 5.3.1 pn Photodiode.

5.3.2 pin Photodetector (pin-PD) -- 5.3.3 Schottky Barrier Photodetector -- 5.3.4 Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetector -- 5.3.5 Photoconductive Detector -- 5.3.6 Phototransistor -- 5.3.7 Avalanche Photodetectors -- 5.3.8 Advanced Photodetectors* -- 5.4 Direct Detection Receivers -- 5.4.1 Optical Receiver ICs -- 5.5 Receiver Noise -- 5.5.1 Shot Noise -- 5.5.2 Thermal Noise -- 5.5.3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR -- 5.6 Coherent Receivers -- 5.6.1 Single-Branch Coherent Receiver -- 5.6.2 Balanced Coherent Receiver -- 5.6.3 Single-Branch IQ Coherent Receiver -- 5.6.4 Balanced IQ Receiver -- 5.6.5 Polarization Effects -- Exercises -- References -- Chapter 6 Optical Amplifiers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Optical Amplifier Model -- 6.3 Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Two-Level Systems -- 6.4 Low-Pass Representation of ASE Noise -- 6.5 System Impact of ASE -- 6.5.1 Signal-ASE Beat Noise -- 6.5.2 ASE-ASE Beat Noise -- 6.5.3 Total Mean and Variance -- 6.5.4 Polarization Effects -- 6.5.5 Amplifier Noise Figure -- 6.5.6 Optical Signal-to Noise Ratio -- 6.6 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers -- 6.6.1 Cavity-Type Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers -- 6.6.2 Traveling-Wave Amplifiers -- 6.6.3 AR Coating -- 6.6.4 Gain Saturation -- 6.7 Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier -- 6.7.1 Gain Spectrum -- 6.7.2 Rate Equations* -- 6.7.3 Amplified Spontaneous Emission -- 6.7.4 Comparison of EDFA and SOA -- 6.8 Raman Amplifiers -- 6.8.1 Governing Equations -- 6.8.2 Noise Figure -- 6.8.3 Rayleigh Back Scattering -- 6.9 Additional Examples -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 7 Transmission System Design -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Fiber Loss-Induced Limitations -- 7.2.1 Balanced Coherent Receiver -- 7.3 Dispersion-Induced Limitations -- 7.4 ASE-Induced Limitations -- 7.4.1 Equivalent Noise Figure -- 7.4.2 Impact of Amplifier Spacing -- 7.4.3 Direct Detection Receiver.

7.4.4 Coherent Receiver -- 7.4.5 Numerical Experiments -- 7.5 Additional Examples -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 8 Performance Analysis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Optimum Binary Receiver for Coherent Systems -- 8.2.1 Realization of the Matched Filter -- 8.2.2 Error Probability with an Arbitrary Receiver Filter -- 8.3 Homodyne Receivers -- 8.3.1 PSK: Homodyne Detection -- 8.3.2 On-Off Keying -- 8.4 Heterodyne Receivers -- 8.4.1 PSK: Synchronous Detection -- 8.4.2 OOK: Synchronous Detection -- 8.4.3 FSK: Synchronous Detection -- 8.4.4 OOK: Asynchronous Receiver -- 8.4.5 FSK: Asynchronous Detection -- 8.4.6 Comparison of Modulation Schemes with Heterodyne Receiver -- 8.5 Direct Detection -- 8.5.1 OOK -- 8.5.2 FSK -- 8.5.3 DPSK -- 8.5.4 Comparison of Modulation Schemes with Direct Detection -- 8.6 Additional Examples -- Exercises -- References -- Chapter 9 Channel Multiplexing Techniques -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Polarization-Division Multiplexing -- 9.3 Wavelength-Division Multiplexing -- 9.3.1 WDM Components -- 9.3.2 WDM Experiments -- 9.4 OFDM -- 9.4.1 OFDM Principle -- 9.4.2 Optical OFDM Transmitter -- 9.4.3 Optical OFDM Receiver -- 9.4.4 Optical OFDM Experiments -- 9.5 Time-Division Multiplexing -- 9.5.1 Multiplexing -- 9.5.2 Demultiplexing -- 9.5.3 OTDM Experiments -- 9.6 Additional Examples -- Exercises -- References -- Chapter 10 Nonlinear Effects in Fibers -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Origin of Linear and Nonlinear Refractive Indices -- 10.2.1 Absorption and Amplification -- 10.2.2 Nonlinear Susceptibility -- 10.3 Fiber Dispersion -- 10.4 Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation -- 10.5 Self-Phase Modulation -- 10.6 Combined Effect of Dispersion and SPM -- 10.7 Interchannel Nonlinear Effects -- 10.7.1 Cross-Phase Modulation -- 10.7.2 Four-Wave Mixing -- 10.8 Intrachannel Nonlinear Impairments.

10.8.1 Intrachannel Cross-Phase Modulation -- 10.8.2 Intrachannel Four-Wave Mixing -- 10.8.3 Intra- versus Interchannel Nonlinear Effects -- 10.9 Theory of Intrachannel Nonlinear Effects -- 10.9.1 Variance Calculations -- 10.9.2 Numerical Simulations -- 10.10 Nonlinear Phase Noise -- 10.10.1 Linear Phase Noise -- 10.10.2 Gordon-Mollenauer Phase Noise -- 10.11 Stimulated Raman Scattering -- 10.11.1 Time Domain Description -- 10.12 Additional Examples -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 11 Digital Signal Processing -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Coherent Receiver -- 11.3 Laser Phase Noise -- 11.4 IF Estimation and Compensation -- 11.5 Phase Estimation and Compensation -- 11.5.1 Phase Unwrapping -- 11.6 CD Equalization -- 11.6.1 Adaptive Equalizers -- 11.7 Polarization Mode Dispersion Equalization -- 11.8 Digital Back Propagation -- 11.8.1 Multi-Span DBP -- 11.9 Additional Examples -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.