Land Matters : Can Better Governance and Management of Scarcity Prevent a Looming Crisis in the Middle East and North Africa?

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors and Contributors -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Glossary of Arabic Terms -- Introduction -- Introduction -- Framework for a Discussion of Land Issues -- Chapter 1 Land Scarcity, Land Use Dynamics, and Land Use Issues in the MENA Region -- Introduction -- Land Use in the MENA Region: Historical Trends and Current Situation -- Key Drivers of Land Use Patterns in MENA Countries -- Future Trends and Impacts on the Demand for Land -- Annex 1A: The Potential for Cropland Expansion -- Annex 1B: The Determinants of Global Land Degradation -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Legal, Institutional, and Governance Challenges Facing Land Use in MENA Countries -- Introduction -- Historical Foundations of Legal Frameworks in the MENA Region -- Land Governance Challenges -- Land Administration Challenges -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Barriers to Accessing Land in the MENA Region -- Introduction -- Firms' Difficulties in Accessing Land -- Women's Difficulties in Accessing Land -- Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons, and Their Land and Property Rights -- Annex 3A: The Role of Political Connections in Facilitating Access to Land in Tunisia and Egypt -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Market Distortions and Land Use Inefficiencies in the MENA Region -- Introduction -- Expanded Conceptual Framework -- Land Distortions in MENA Economies -- Policies -- Annex 4A: The Distribution of Farmland -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Land Policy Challenges and Options in the MENA Region -- Introduction -- A Country Taxonomy of Challenges -- Improving Land Administration and Tenure -- Mobilizing Revenue from Land -- Better Managing Public Land -- Managing Agricultural Land: Policies and Strategic Objectives -- Responding to Urban Land Needs.

Promoting Equal Access to Land for Women and Vulnerable Groups -- Annex 5A: Taxonomy of MENA Countries-Land Issues -- Notes -- References -- Conclusion and Priorities for Reform -- References -- Boxes -- Box 1.1 FAOSTAT and MODIS Land Cover Type data sets -- Box 1.2 The drivers of global cropland loss -- Box 1.3 The impact of the Syrian conflict on cultivated land -- Box 2.1 Land tenure categories under the Ottoman Land Code of 1858 -- Box 2.2 The complexities of the Arab Republic of Egypt's deed and title registration systems -- Box 2.3 Components of the Registering Property index -- Box 2.4 Components of the Quality of Land Administration index -- Box 5.1 Inheritance reform in the Arab Republic of Egypt -- Box 5.2 The Soulalyat mobilization for collective rural land in Morocco -- Box 5.3 Inheritance reform in the Islamic Republic of Iran -- Figures -- Figure I.1 Conceptual framework for land issues, MENA -- Figure I.2 Centrality of the land nexus -- Figure 1.1 Land cover breakdown, by region -- Figure 1.2 Area under permanent crops and arable land and cropland area per capita, by region, 2018 (FAOSTAT) -- Figure 1.3 Cropland and cropland mosaic, by region, 2018 (MODIS) -- Figure 1.4 Cropland and cropland mosaic, MENA, 2018 (MODIS) -- Figure 1.5 Cropland exposure to drought, by all regions and MENA region, 2003-18 -- Figure 1.6 Land use conversion, MENA, 2003-18 -- Figure 1.7 Growth in land consumption and urban population, MENA and rest of the world, 2000-2015 -- Figure 1.8 The effects of land scarcity and land governance on cropland loss, by region -- Figure B1.3.1 Reduction in cropland in the Syrian Arab Republic relative to Türkiye arising from the Syrian conflict, 2010-19 -- Figure 1.9 Availability of agricultural land per capita, MENA, 1961-2050 -- Figure 2.1 Land under public ownership index, by region.

Figure 2.2 Corruption and poor protection of property rights, by all regions and MENA region -- Figure 2.3 Property taxation, by region and selected economies, 2020 -- Figure 2.4 Registering Property scores, by region and MENA country/economy, 2020 -- Figure 2.5 Quality of Land Administration indexes, by region and MENA country/economy, 2020 -- Figure 2.6 Quality of Land Administration (QLA) scores, GDP per capita, and population, MENA -- Figure 2.7 Geographic Coverage scores, MENA, 2020 -- Figure 3.1 Firms finding access to land a major or severe constraint, by region and country/economy -- Figure 3.2 Share of politically connected firms, by region and MENA country/economy, 2019 and 2020 -- Figure 3.3 Share of firms reporting severe constraints in access to land, by political connection status, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, 2019 and 2020 -- Figure 3.4 Gender differences in perceived tenure insecurity in the event of a divorce or death of spouse, MENA -- Figure 3.5 Number of inheritance cases related to exclusion of heirs in shari'a courts, Jordan, 2010-20 -- Figure 3.6 Evolution of the share of inheritance cases related to exclusion of heirs in shari'a courts, Jordan, 2010-20 -- Figure 3.7 Gender equality in legal frameworks governing property and inheritance, by region, 1970-2020 -- Figure 3.8 Gender inequality and quality of land administration, MENA and rest of the world -- Figure 4.1 Conceptual framework for land misallocation, MENA -- Figure 4.2 Mortgage loans, MENA, 2015 -- Figure 4.3 Housing loan penetration and registration coverage, MENA and rest of the world -- Figure 4.4 Slums and cost of property registration, MENA and rest of the world -- Figure 4.5 Egyptian industrial zones, by distance from cities with more than 200,000 residents and year of creation, 1927-2020.

Figure 4.6 Utilization rate of Egyptian industrial zones, by distance from cities with more than 200,000 residents and length of time since creation -- Figure 4.7 Total area sold before and after implementation of vacant land tax in four cities, Saudi Arabia -- Figure 4A.1 Distribution of agricultural land, MENA, various years -- Figure 5.1 MENA country taxonomy according to land availability, weak land governance, and demographic pressure -- Figure 5.2 Wheat harvested area and wheat imports, Saudi Arabia, 1961-2018 -- Maps -- Map 1.1 Land cover change on each side of the Syrian Arab Republic-Türkiye border, 2009-17 -- Map 2.1 Land reportedly owned by the military, Algiers, Algeria -- Tables -- Table 1.1 Movements in and out of cropland, by region, 2003-18 -- Table 1A.1 Land under cultivation and potential for expansion (seven major international crops), by region -- Table 1B.1 Determinants of global land degradation (stage 1) -- Table 1B.2 Determinants of global land degradation (stage 2) -- Table 2.1 Registering Property index rankings, MENA, 2020 -- Table 2.2 Quality of Land Administration index scores, MENA, 2020 -- Table 3A.1 Effects of regime change on land access constraints, the Arab Republic of Egypt and Tunisia -- Table 5A.1 Selected indicators, MENA -- Table 5A.2 Component loadings.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.