This Is Ethics : An Introduction.

Cover -- This Is Philosophy -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part One: What's in Our Interests? -- 1: Pleasure -- Three Questions about Pleasure -- What Is Pleasure? -- The sensation view -- The attitude view -- The desire view -- Physiology of pleasure* -- Value of Pleasure -- Hedonism -- Pluralism about prudential value -- Pessimism about the value of pleasure* -- Summary and Questions -- Annotated Bibliography -- Online Resources -- 2: Happiness, Well-Being, and the Meaning of Life -- Hedonism, Again -- Objection 1: Trivial pleasures -- Objection 2: The role of happiness in deliberation -- Satisfaction Theories -- Desire satisfaction theories of well-being -- Objections to desire satisfaction theories -- Life satisfaction theories of happiness -- An objection to life satisfaction theories -- Objective List Theories -- Objections to the objective list theories -- The Capability Approach* -- Happiness and the Meaning of Life -- Emotional state theory of happiness* -- The question of the meaning of life -- Susan Wolf's fitting fulfillment theory -- Summary and Questions -- Annotated Bibliography -- Online Resources -- Part Two: Normative Ethics -- 3: Egoism and Altruism -- Different Forms of Egoism and Altruism -- Feldman's objection to ethical egoism -- Two Arguments for Ethical Egoism -- The "ought implies can" argument -- The practical reasons argument -- Two Objections to Psychological Egoism -- The everyday objection -- The evolutionary objection -- Moore's Argument against Ethical Egoism* -- Problems of Moore's argument* -- Gauthier's Contractarianism -- The paradox of social cooperation -- Contractarianism as a solution -- The compliance problem -- Summary -- Problems with Gauthier's Theory -- Objection 1: Scope of moral concern -- Objection 2: Deception.

Objection 3: Acting for right reasons -- Summary and Questions -- Annotated Bibliography -- Online Resources -- 4: Consequentialism and Kantian Ethics -- Consequentialism -- Utilitarianism -- Deliberation procedure vs. criterion of rightness -- Direct vs. indirect forms of consequentialism -- Utilitarianism vs. richer conceptions of value -- Actual vs. expected value -- Maximizing vs. satisficing -- Mill's Argument for Utilitarianism -- The problems with Mill's argument -- Saving Mill's argument -- Kantian Ethics -- The good will -- The universalization test -- Duties, right and wrong -- Why do the right thing? -- Counterexamples and Convergence -- Counterexamples to utilitarianism -- Counterexamples to the Categorical Imperative -- Utilitarian and consequentialist responses to the counterexamples* -- Kantian responses to the counterexamples* -- Convergence* -- Summary and Questions -- Annotated Bibliography -- Online Resources -- 5: Intuitionism, Particularism, and Virtue Ethics -- Ross's Objection to Consequentialism and Kantian Ethics -- Intuitionism in Normative Ethics -- Prima facie duties -- How do you know? -- Prima facie duties and actual duties -- Particularism -- Prima facie duties and holism -- Holism and particularism* -- Knowing what is right* -- Virtue Ethics -- Flourishing -- Virtue acquisition -- Acting virtuously -- Right and wrong acts -- Two Objections to Virtue Ethics -- Circularity -- Improving yourself -- Virtue ethics and moral sensibility -- Summary and Questions -- Annotated Bibliography -- Online Resources -- Part Three: Metaethics -- 6: Subjectivism, Relativism, and Divine Commands -- Subjectivism -- Advantages of subjectivism -- Objections to subjectivism -- Relativism -- Advantages of relativism -- Problems of relativism -- Divine Command Theory -- Divine command theory and moral words.

Divine command theory and moral properties -- Advantages of divine command theory -- The Euthyphro Dilemma* -- What is right explains what God commands* -- God's commands explain what is right* -- Summary and Questions -- Annotated Bibliography -- Online Resources -- 7: Naturalism and the Open Question Argument -- Moral Realism -- Naturalism vs. non-naturalism -- Pros and cons of non-naturalism -- The Open Question Argument -- Stage 1: Words and properties -- Stage 2: Moral words and moral properties -- Stage 3: The open question test -- Stage 4: Moral words and open questions -- Stage 5: Putting the argument together -- Responses to the Open Question Argument -- Response 1: Begging the question -- Response 2: Making know-how explicit -- Response 3: The sense/reference distinction -- Intuitionism in Metaethics* -- The problem of knowledge* -- Foundationalism to the rescue* -- Misconceptions and objections* -- Summary and Questions -- Annotated Bibliography -- Online Resources -- 8: Moral Motivation and Expressivism -- The Argument from Motivation -- The Humean Theory of Motivation -- Directions of fit -- The role of beliefs and desires -- Moral Judgment Internalism -- Very Strong Internalism -- Weakness of will -- Strong Internalism -- Counterexamples to Strong Internalism -- Amoralists -- Bad people -- A case of depression -- Expressivism -- The core claims of expressivism -- Responses to two common objections -- The Frege-Geach Problem -- Embedded claims -- Valid inferences* -- The negation problem* -- Summary and Questions -- Annotated Bibliography -- Online Resources -- Part Four: Ethical Questions -- 9: Moral Responsibility -- What Is Moral Responsibility? -- Causal responsibility and attributability -- The agency condition -- Freedom and real selves -- The Freedom Principle: A Threat for Moral Responsibility -- The consequence argument.

The problem of luck -- Galen Strawson's argument against moral responsibility -- The Frankfurt Cases -- Objections and responses* -- The Deep Attributability Principle -- Frankfurt's higher-order desire theory -- The Real Self -- Watson's theory of the real self -- The time-slice problem -- Responsiveness to reasons -- Summary and Questions -- Annotated Bibliography -- Online Resources -- 10: Population Growth and Climate Change -- The Non-Identity Effect -- The Repugnant Conclusion -- The average utility principle -- Critical-level utilitarianism* -- Variable value view and intuitions* -- Climate Change and Personal Obligations -- Carbon offsetting -- Climate Change and Governments -- The discount rate* -- The social action problem -- Climate Change and Uncertainty -- Maximizing expected value* -- Summary and Questions -- Annotated Bibliography -- Online Resources -- Glossary of Terms -- Index -- End User License Agreement.

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