Introduction to Sociological Theory : Theorists, Concepts, and Their Applicability to the Twenty-First Century.

Intro -- Introduction to Sociological Theory: Theorists, Concepts, and Their Applicability to the Twenty-First Century -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Boxed Features -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgments -- How to Use This Book -- Introduction: Welcome to Sociological Theory -- ANALYZING SOCIAL LIFE -- SOCIETAL TRANSFORMATION AND THE ORIGINS OF SOCIOLOGY -- THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SOCIOLOGY -- EVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS AND AUGUSTE COMTE'S VISION OF SOCIOLOGY -- THE SOCIOLOGICAL CRAFT IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY -- SUMMARY -- POINTS TO REMEMBER -- GLOSSARY -- QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER ONE KARL MARX (1818-1883) -- EXPANSION OF CAPITALISM -- CAPITALISM AS STRUCTURED INEQUALITY -- MARX'S THEORY OF HISTORY -- DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM -- MARX'S VISION OF COMMUNISM -- THE MILLENNIUM'S GREATEST THINKER -- HUMAN NATURE -- MATERIAL AND SOCIAL EXISTENCE INTERTWINED -- CAPITALISM AS A DISTINCTIVE SOCIAL FORM -- PRIVATE PRoPERTY -- THE PRODUCTION OF PROFIT -- THE COMMODIFICATION OF LABOR POWER -- PROFESSIONAL SPORTS: THE COMMODIFICATION OF LABOR POWER IN ACTION -- WORK: LIFE SACRIFICE -- WAGE-LABOR -- WAGE-LABOR AND SURPLUS VALUE -- THE GAP BETWEEN EXCHANGE-VALUE AND USE-VALUE -- THE DIVISION OF LABOR AND ALIENATION -- THE PRODUCTION PROCESS -- ALIENATED LABOR -- THE OPPRESSION OF CAPITALISTS -- ECONOMIC INEQUALITY -- INCOME DISPARITIES -- MAINTAINING THE STATUS QUO -- IDEOLOGY AND POWER -- EVERYDAY EXISTENCE AND THE NORMALITY OF IDEAS -- FREEDOM TO SHOP -- IDEOLOGY OF CONSUMPTION -- THE MYSTICAL VALUE OF COMMODITIES -- THE CAPITALIST SUPERSTRUCTURE -- THE RULING POWER OF MONEY IN POLITICS -- SUMMARY -- POINTS TO REMEMBER -- GLOSSARY -- QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER TWO EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917) -- DURKHEIM'S METHODOLOGICAL RULES -- SCIENTIFIC SOCIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF SOCIAL FACTS.

STUDYING SOCIAL FACTS AS THINGS -- SOCIAL FACTS AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS -- THE NATURE OF SOCIETY -- COOPERATION AS THE KEY TO SOCIAL LIFE -- THE CONSTRAINT OF SOCIETAL EXPECTATIONS -- AN ARMY OF ONE -- CHANGE AND RESISTANCE -- SOCIETAL TRANSFORMATION AND SOCIAL COHESION -- TRADITIONAL SOCIETY -- THE SOCIETAL ABSORPTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL -- MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY -- MODERN SOCIETY -- SPECIALIZED DIVISION OF LABOR -- SOCIAL INTERDEPENDENCE -- THE DENSITY OF SOCIAL INTERACTION -- ORGANIC SOLIDARITY -- THE MORAL-SOCIAL BASIS OF CONTRACT -- SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF SUICIDE -- SUICIDE : A SOCIAL FACT -- ALTRUISTIC SUICIDE -- EGOISTIC SUICIDE -- ANOMIC SUICIDE -- ABNORMALITIES THAT THREATEN SOCIAL COHESION -- ANOMIE THAT FOSTERS SOCIAL COHESION -- RELIGION AND THE SACRED -- SACRED THINGS -- SACRED BELIEFS AND RITUALS -- THE ASSEMBLING OF COMMUNITY -- RELIGION AND SCIENCE -- SUMMARY -- POINTS TO REMEMBER -- GLOSSARY -- QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER THREE MAX WEBER (1864-1920) -- SOCIOLOGY: UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL ACTION -- CULTURE AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY -- THE PROTESTANT-CAPITALIST PUZZLE -- THE PROTESTANT ETHIC -- THE REFORMATION -- SALVATION AND PREDESTINATION -- PROVING ONE'S SALVATION -- RATIONAL SELF-REGULATION AND SELF-CONTROL -- PROTESTANT-WESTERN INDIVIDUALISM -- IDEAL TYPES -- SOCIAL ACTION -- VALUE-RATIONAL ACTION -- INSTRUMENTAL RATIONAL ACTION -- NON-RATIONAL ACTION -- THE INTERPLAY OF RATIONAL AND NON-RATIONAL ACTION -- VALUES AND EMOTIONS IN THE CORPORATE WORLD -- WANTING A CHILD: EMOTION, VALUES, AND INSTRUMENTAL RATIONALITY -- POWER, AUTHORITY, AND DOMINATION -- THE LEGAL AUTHORITY OF THE STATE -- BUREAUCRACY -- CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY -- SOCIAL STRATIFICATION -- GRADIENTS OF ECONOMIC INEQUALITY -- SOCIAL STATUS -- POLITICAL POWER -- MODERNITY AND COMPETING VALUES -- SCIENCE AND VALUES -- THE VALUE NEUTRALITY OF SCIENCE -- SUMMARY.

POINTS TO REMEMBER -- GLOSSARY -- QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER FOUR TALCOTT PARSONS AND ROBERT MERTON: FUNCTIONALISM AND MODERNIZATION -- TALCOTT PARSONS -- DEVELOPING SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY -- BLENDING THEORY AND DATA -- PARSONS'S INTELLECTUAL DEBT TO WEBER AND DURKHEIM -- THE SOCIAL SYSTEM -- SOCIAL ACTION -- NORMATIVE REGULATION -- SOCIALIZATION AND SOCIETAL INTEGRATION -- VALUES CONSENSUS -- SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION, CULTURE, AND THE SECULARIZATION OF PROTESTANTISM -- RELIGION AS A SOURCE OF CULTURAL INTEGRATION -- VALUE-ORIENTATIONS IN A TIME OF GLOBAL SOCIAL CHANGE -- PATTERN VARIABLES -- THE DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP -- CHANGE IN THE MEDICAL SYSTEM -- MODERNIZATION THEORY -- AMERICAN SOCIETY AS THE PROTOTYPE OF MODERNIZATION -- STRATIFICATION AND INEQUALITY -- FUNCTIONALISM OF SEX ROLES -- ROBERT MERTON'S MIDDLE-RANGE THEORY -- MANIFEST AND LATENT FUNCTIONS -- SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES -- STRAIN BETWEEN CULTURE AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE -- PARSONS'S LEGACY: VARIED DIRECTIONS -- NIKLAS LUHMANN: SYSTEMS THEORY -- JEFFREY ALEXANDER: THE CIVIL SPHERE -- SUMMARY -- POINTS TO REMEMBER -- GLOSSARY: PARSONS -- GLOSSARY: MERTON, LUHMANN, ALEXANDER -- QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER FIVE CRITICAL THEORY TECHNOLOGY, CULTURE, AND POLITICS: TECHNOLOGY, CULTURE, AND POLITICS -- CRITICAL THEORY -- TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL PROGRESS -- DIALECTIC OF ENLIGHTENMENT -- TECHNOLOGY AS SOCIAL CONTROL -- SOCIETY'S RATIONAL CONTROL OF NATURE -- MASS CULTURE AND CONSUMPTION -- TECHNOLOGY AND PROFIT -- CULTURE OF ADVERTISING -- CONTROLLED CONSUMPTION -- MEDIA REALITY -- CULTURAL TOTALITARIANISM -- ACTIVE CONSUMERS AND AUDIENCES -- POLITICS: UNIFORMITY AND CONTROL -- TECHNOLOGY AS POLITICAL CONTROL -- JÜRGEN HABERMAS: THE STATE AND SOCIETY -- ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL STEERING PROBLEMS -- LEGITIMATION CRISES.

COMMUNICATION AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE -- DISTORTED COMMUNICATION -- REASON IN THE CONTEXT OF EVERYDAY LIFE -- SUMMARY -- POINTS TO REMEMBER -- GLOSSARY -- QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER SIX CONFLICT, POWER, AND DEPENDENCY IN MACRO-SOCIETAL PROCESSES -- RALF DAHRENDORF'S THEORY OF GROUP CONFLICT -- CONFLICT GROUPS -- CLASS CONFLICT IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY -- THE CHANGING CHARACTER OF CLASS CONFLICT -- THE MULTIPLICITY OF CONFLICT GROUPS -- C. WRIGHT MILLS -- THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS -- THE POWER ELITE -- SHIFTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE POWER ELITE -- WOMEN IN THE POWER ELITE -- THE PASSIVE, MASS SOCIETY -- DEPENDENCY THEORY: NEO-MARXIST CRITIQUES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -- CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT -- DEPENDENCY RELATIONS IN ECONOMIC UNDERDEVELOPMENT -- CHALLENGES TO MODERNIZATION THEORY -- SUMMARY -- POINTS TO REMEMBER -- GLOSSARY -- QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER SEVEN EXCHANGE, EXCHANGE NETWORK, AND RATIONAL CHOICE THEORIES -- EXCHANGE THEORY -- GEORGE HOMANS: INDIVIDUAL ACTORS IN SOCIAL EXCHANGE -- PETER BLAU: SOCIAL EXCHANGE IN ORGANIZATIONS -- EXCHANGE NETWORK THEORY -- POWER AND MISTRUST IN SOCIAL EXCHANGE NETWORKS -- THE INSTITUTIONAL REGULATION OF TRUST -- NETWORKS AND SOCIAL CAPITAL -- THE STRENGTH OF WEAK TIES -- ACTOR-NETWORK THEORY (ANT) -- RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY -- MAXIMIZATION OF INDIVIDUAL INTEREST -- HUMAN CAPITAL AND SOCIAL CAPITAL -- NEGOTIATING SCARCE RESOURCES -- MARRIAGE: STRUCTURAL AND CULTURAL CONSTRAINTS ON SELF-INTEREST -- ANALYTICAL MARXISM -- CLASS LOCATIONS -- SUMMARY -- POINTS TO REMEMBER -- GLOSSARY: EXCHANGE THEORY -- GLOSSARY: EXCHANGE NETWORK THEORY -- GLOSSARY: ACTOR-NETWORK THEORY (ANT) -- GLOSSARY: RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY -- GLOSSARY: ANALYTICAL MARXISM -- QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER EIGHT SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF THROUGH SOCIAL INTERACTION -- THE LOOKING-GLASS SELF -- SOCIALIZATION -- BEYOND THE SELF: THE CONVERSATION OF GESTURES -- THE PREMISES OF SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM -- THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF HUMAN INTERACTION -- ERVING GOFFMAN: SOCIETY AS RITUALIZED SOCIAL INTERACTION -- SOCIAL ROLES -- PERFORMANCE PRESSURE -- ESTABLISHING THE DEFINITION OF THE SITUATION -- INTERACTION RITUALS -- NON-VERBAL RITUALIZED INTERACTION -- IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT -- TOTAL INSTITUTIONS -- MANAGING OUR AUDIENCES -- MISREPRESENTATION -- STIGMA -- PASSING -- INSTITUTIONAL FRAME ANALYSIS -- SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM AND ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH -- SUMMARY -- POINTS TO REMEMBER -- GLOSSARY -- QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER NINE PHENOMENOLOGY AND ETHNOMETHODOLOGY -- PHENOMENOLOGY -- EXPERIENCE, MEANING, AND SOCIAL ACTION -- HERE-AND-NOW, EVERYDAY REALITY -- SHARED, INTERSUBJECTIVE REALITY -- EVERYDAY REALITY AS THE SOCIAL REALITY -- ORDERED REALITY -- PHENOMENOLOGICAL DIVERSITY -- THE STRANGER -- THE HOMECOMER -- SYMBOLIC UNIVERSES -- ETHNOMETHODOLOGY -- THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF SOCIAL REALITY -- THE CORONER'S OFFICE: ESTABLISHING HOW INDIVIDUALS DIED AND LIVED -- JURORS ACCOMPLISHING REALITY -- PRODUCING AN ORDERED REALITY -- GENDER AS AN ACCOMPLISHED REALITY -- RESEARCHING THE DOING OF REALITY-MAKING -- BREACHING EXPERIMENTS -- CONVERSATION ANALYSIS -- SUMMARY -- POINTS TO REMEMBER -- GLOSSARY: PHENOMENOLOGY -- GLOSSARY: ETHNOMETHODOLOGY -- QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER TEN FEMINIST THEORIES -- CONSCIOUSNESS OF WOMEN'S INEQUALITY -- STANDPOINT THEORY: DOROTHY SMITH AND THE RELATIONS OF RULING -- ADVERTISING FEMININITY -- THE RULES OF SOCIOLOGY AND THE EXCLUSION OF WOMEN'S STANDPOINT -- RULING TEXTS AND THE EXCLUSION OF EVERYDAY EXPERIENCES -- KNOWING FROM WITHIN LOCAL EXPERIENCES -- WOMEN'S REALITIES.

NEGOTIATING TWO WORLDS SIMULTANEOUSLY.

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