Renal Nursing.

Intro -- Renal Nursing -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- CHAPTER 1 The History of Dialysis and Transplantation -- Learning Outcomes -- Introduction -- Haemodialysis (HD) -- The beginning -- Pre-1920 -- The 1920s -- The 1930s -- The 1940s and 1950s -- The 1950s -- The development of the dialyser -- The emergence of home haemodialysis -- The present -- Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) -- The catheter -- Peritoneal dialysis at home -- The beginning of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) -- Automated peritoneal dialysis -- Advances in peritoneal dialysis for special needs -- The future -- Transplantation -- In the beginning -- The first successes -- Immunosuppression -- Blood transfusions -- Present -- The future -- Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 2 Applied Anatomy and Physiology and the Renal Disease Process -- Learning Outcomes -- Introduction -- Structure and Functions of the Kidney -- The nephron -- The versatility of urine -- Urinary volume -- Urinary concentration -- Urinary content -- Basic Renal Processes -- Glomerular filtration -- Amount and composition of glomerular filtrate -- Selective reabsorption -- Mechanisms of reabsorption -- Reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule - the site of bulk-phase reabsorption -- Reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule - the site of fine-tuning reabsorption -- Secretion -- Excretion of drugs and drug metabolites -- Concentration and dilution of urine -- Countercurrent mechanism of urinary concentration -- Creation of the local environment -- Maintenance of the local environment: the countercurrent mechanism -- The regulation of body fluid volume and osmolality -- The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway -- Aldosterone and the control of body potassium content -- Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia -- Regulation of calcium, phosphate and magnesium.

The renal handling of calcium and phosphate - the roles of PTH, vitamin D and calcitonin -- Acid-base control -- Bicarbonate buffering system -- Control of bicarbonate ion concentration by the kidney -- Correcting acid-base fluctuations in the healthy individual -- Erythropoietin production by the kidney -- The relationship between blood pressure and renal function -- Blood pressure control -- Conditions causing Chronic and Established Kidney Disease -- Renal artery stenosis -- Nephrosclerosis -- Nephrotic syndrome or nephrosis -- Oedema -- Proteinuria -- Muscle wasting -- Weight loss and malnutrition -- Tiredness and lethargy -- Intravascular clotting -- Diabetic nephropathy -- Glomerulonephritis -- Pyelonephritis -- Polycystic kidney disease -- Multisystem diseases affecting the kidney -- References -- Resources -- CHAPTER 3 Patient and Carer Involvement in Renal Nursing Care, Education and Research -- Learning Outcomes -- Introduction -- Patient Involvement in Care -- Reflection -- Patient Involvement Using Social Media: The Renal Patient Support Group (RPSG) Facebook and BlogSpot -- Background to social media -- Facebook -- Twitter -- Blogger/BlogSpot -- The Renal Patient Support Group (RPSG) on Facebook -- What's on the RPSG? -- World Kidney Day, 2011-2012 -- RPSG E-seminar sessions -- The Renal Patient Support Group (RPSG) on BlogSpot -- RPSG - the future -- Recommendations for practice -- Summary -- Patient and Carer Involvement in Renal Nursing Education -- Pre-registration teaching -- Summary -- Patient and Carer Involvement in Renal Nursing Research -- INVOLVE Guidelines -- Conclusion -- References -- Resources -- CHAPTER 4 Psychological Perspectives -- Learning Outcomes -- Introduction -- Chronic Kidney Disease -- Patient Choice -- Haemodialysis -- Peritoneal dialysis -- Depression -- Sexuality -- Patient Education -- Self-Care.

Conservative kidney management (nondialytic options) -- Transplantation -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 5 Acute Kidney Injury -- Learning Outcomes -- Introduction -- Mortality -- Classification -- Prerenal renal failure -- Renal (intrinsic) failure -- Acute interstitial nephritis -- Rhabdomyolysis -- Renal failure and liver disease -- Cortical necrosis -- Acute tubular necrosis -- Nephrotoxicity -- Postrenal failure -- AKI classification systems -- Management of Acute Kidney Injury -- Hyperkalaemia -- Volume overload -- Metabolic acidosis -- Uraemia -- Nutrition -- Infection -- The Clinical Course of Acute Kidney Injury -- Initiating stage -- Oliguric stage -- Diuretic stage -- Recovery stage -- Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT ) in Acute Kidney Injury -- Acute intermittent haemodialysis -- Intermittent haemodiafiltration -- Continuous renal replacement therapy -- Summary -- Acknowlegements -- References -- Further reading -- Useful web sites -- CHAPTER 6 Chronic Kidney Disease -- Learning Outcomes -- Introduction -- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) -- The National Service Framework and mild to moderate CKD -- Kidney function and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) -- Staging of CKD -- Clinical systems and key messages for managing mild to moderate kidney disease -- General Medical Services (GMS) Contract -- The impact of clinical guidelines for managing CKD in primary care -- Care and Management of Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease (Stages 3a-3b) -- Monitoring of CKD -- How to explain the diagnosis of CKD -- Cardio-vascular disease (CVD) risk management -- Medicines review -- Referral -- Self-management -- Diabetes Mellitus -- Care and Management of Moderate to Severely Decreased Kidney Function (Stage 4) -- Optimal nutritional management -- Control of serum bicarbonate within normal levels -- Management of bone disease -- Control of anaemia.

Control of gastrointestinal disorders -- Treatment of dermatological disorders -- Control of volume disorders -- Control of potassium disorders -- Control of acid-base balance -- Disorders of the central nervous system -- Sexual function -- Summary -- Education in the Predialysis Phase -- Pre-dialysis education programmes -- When Should Dialysis Commence? -- Conclusion -- References -- Resources -- CHAPTER 7 Investigations in Kidney Disease -- Learning Outcomes -- Introduction -- Phlebotomy -- Safety of health care personnel -- Biochemical, Blood Tests -- Renal profile -- Urea -- Creatinine -- Sodium -- Potassium -- Calcium -- Phosphate -- Parathyroid hormone -- Other biochemical blood tests -- Liver function tests (LFTs) -- Haematology -- White blood cell count and differential -- Other tests -- Poor response to ESA therapy -- Urine investigations -- Kidney Function Tests -- eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) -- Measurement of protein excretion -- Creatinine clearance -- CKD 51Chromium EDTA GFR -- Kidney Biopsy -- Radiographic Investigations -- Plain abdominal X-ray -- Bone density scan -- Skeletal X-rays -- Intravenous urogram (IVU) -- Patient preparation -- Retrograde pyelogram -- Computed axial tomography or computed tomography (CAT/CT) scan -- Nuclear magnetic resonance or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -- Ultrasound -- Ultrasound in kidney transplantation -- Renal doppler studies -- Renograms -- Renal scans -- Renal angiogram -- Summary -- References -- Useful web sites -- CHAPTER 8 Haemodialysis -- Learning Outcomes -- Introduction -- Principles of Haemodialysis -- Terms and definitions -- Diffusion -- Convection -- Ultrafiltration and hydrostatic pressure -- Ultrafiltration and convection -- Molecular weight and solute movement -- Flow through the dialyser -- Principles of Haemodiafiltration -- Access for Haemodialysis.

The arteriovenous fistula -- Percutaneous access -- Haemodialysis Equipment -- The dialyser -- The dialyser membrane -- Biocompatibility -- Water treatment -- Preparation of the dialyser -- Dialysate composition -- Prescribing the Dialysis Dose -- Urea kinetic modelling -- Preparation for Haemodialysis -- In-centre haemodialysis -- Home haemodialysis -- Satellite haemodialysis -- Assessment of the Patient -- General discussion -- Weight -- Blood pressure -- Temperature and pulse -- Serum biochemistry and haematology -- Infection control -- Haemodialysis Complications -- Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) -- Nausea and vomiting -- Cramp -- Disequilibrium -- Electrolyte imbalance -- Dialyser reactions (membrane reaction/first-use syndrome) -- Haemolysis -- Air embolism -- Clotting of the blood lines and dialyser -- Special Care on Haemodialysis -- Diabetes mellitus -- Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 9 Peritoneal Dialysis -- Learning Outcomes -- Introduction -- Physiology of Peritoneal Dialysis -- Blood supply -- Lymphatic drainage -- Peritoneal membrane transport characteristics -- Osmosis -- Diffusion -- Convection -- Measurement of peritoneal permeability -- Performing a PET -- Peritoneal Dialysis Access and Exit Site Care -- Types of catheters -- Preinsertion preparation of the patient -- Preoperative care of the patient -- Postoperative care of the patient -- Long-term care of the exit site -- Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy Options -- Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis -- Automated peritoneal dialysis -- Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (Figure 9.12) -- Tidal peritoneal dialysis (Figure 9.13) -- Optimised cycling peritoneal dialysis (OCPD) (Figure 9.14) -- Patient Selection -- Peritoneal Dialysis for those with Diabetes -- Blood glucose control -- Intraperitoneal insulin -- Solution Formulation -- Glucose-based solutions.

Icodextrin peritonal dialysis solution.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.