Integrative Organismal Biology.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Notes on Contributors -- Chapter 1 Plasticity, Complexity, and the Individual -- Introduction -- Bridging the Conceptual Divide -- Integrative Organismal Biology: Progress to Date -- Phenotypic Plasticity: The Link between Individuals, Environments, and Evolution -- A Brief History and Review -- Plasticity 101: A Q&amp -- A Session -- Same Wine, New Bottle: Shifting to a Reaction Norm Perspective -- Where will Reaction Norm Thinking Lead? -- The Problem of Complexity -- A Brief History of Biological Complexity -- Embracing the Individual and the Union of Functional and Evolutionary Biology -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 The Ecological and Evolutionary Importance of Variation in Life History Reaction Norms -- Introduction -- The Reaction Norm Approach and Individual by Environment Interactions (I × E) -- Why Do Reaction Norms Vary? -- Causes and Consequences of Variation in Avian Phenological Plasticity -- Integrating Field and Laboratory Studies of Life History Plasticity -- The Challenges Ahead -- References -- Chapter 3 Curve-Thinking: Understanding Reaction Norms and Developmental Trajectories as Traits -- Introduction -- Characterizing Curves -- Variation among Curves -- Simplicity and Biological Hypotheses -- Summary and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Plasticity and Personality -- Animal Personality: Moving beyond Optimality and Embracing Individual Differences -- Individual Differences in Behavioral Plasticity -- Personality-Related Differences in Plasticity -- Adaptive Explanations for Personality-Related Differences in Plasticity -- Ecological and Evolutionary Implications of Personality and Plasticity -- Genetic and Environmental Underpinnings -- Designs to Study Personality-Related Differences in Plasticity.

Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5 Induction and Function of Polyphenic Morphs: Proximate Regulatory Mechanisms and Evolutionary Implications -- Introduction -- Background -- Focus of This Review -- Background on Endocrinology and Gene Regulation -- Endocrinology -- Molecular Studies - Gene Expression -- Case Studies -- Dispersal Polyphenism in Locusts, Aphids, and Crickets -- Wing Polyphenism in Bicyclus Butterflies and Horn Polyphenism in Dung Beetles -- Phenotypic Plasticity of Anuran Development -- Summary and Future Directions -- Endocrine Control -- Genomic Studies of Morph Determination and Development -- Metabolism, Growth, Nutrient Acquisition -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Evolutionary Systems Biology: Shifting Focus to the Context-Dependency of Genetic Effects -- Introduction -- Two Ends of the Spectrum in Evolutionary Biology -- Context-Dependency in Population Genetics: Epistasis -- Genetic Effects Structured by Development: Pleiotropy -- What Are the Consequences of Context-Dependency? -- How Prevalent Is Variation in Pleiotropy? -- What Mechanism Underlies Genetic Context-Dependency of Pleiotropy? -- Implications of SPC for Developmental Complexity and Population Variation -- Generalizing SPC Model: Interaction of Gene Effects, or Effects of Interactions? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 The Role of Ecological Epigenetics in Integrative Biology -- Introduction -- Epigenetics, Phenotype, and Inheritance -- Models of Epigenetic Variation -- Ecological Epigenetics -- Epigenetics and Invasive Species Biology -- Epigenetics and Response to the Environment -- Epigenetics and Development -- Case Study: Arabidopsis Thaliana -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 An Elephant in the Fog: Unifying Concepts of Physiological Stasis and Change -- Introduction -- Elaborations of Stasis and Change.

1. Homeostasis -- 2. Enantiostasis -- 3. Proteostasis -- 4. Rheostasis -- 5. Allostasis -- 6. The Reactive Scope Model -- 7. Physiological Regulatory Networks (PRNs) -- 8. Homeostatic noise -- Axes of (Dis)similarity -- Fixed versus Changing Setpoints -- Reactive versus Anticipatory -- Simple versus Complex (or Low-level versus High-level Biological Organization) -- Short versus Long Time Scales -- Constructing a Conceptual Elephant -- Unification Diffuses Concepts and Tools -- Extensible, Overlapping Time Scales -- Partitioning Variance -- Costs and Constraints -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Physiological Regulatory Networks: The Orchestra of Life? -- Introduction -- What is a Physiological Regulatory Network (PRN)? -- Known and Expected Characteristics of PRNs -- Organismal Implications of PRNs: Stability and Resiliency -- Ecological and Evolutionary Implications of PRNs: Constraints and Evolvability -- Open Issues -- Conclusion -- Glossary -- References -- Chapter 10 Integrating Costs of Reproduction between the Sexes -- Introduction -- Integrating Costs of Reproduction through Common Currencies -- Intralocus Sexual Conflict and Life-History Evolution -- Immunocompetence Handicaps and Sex-Specific Costs -- Integrating Sex-Specific Processes through Shared Regulatory Axes -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 Immune Systems: Linking Organisms, Populations, and Evolution through Disease -- Introduction -- Immune Systems: A Brief Overview -- Proposed Divers of Immune Heterogeneity -- Consequences of Immune Heterogeneity: Theoretical Studies -- Consequences of Immune Heterogeneity: Empirical Studies -- Bridging the Divide between Theory and Experiment -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Developmental Plasticity of Individual Variation in Stress Responses -- Introduction.

When is a Change in Environment a Stressor? -- Allostasis Model -- Reactive Scope Model -- Organismal Responses to Stressors -- Hormonal Responses -- Regulators of the Adrenocortical Responses -- Integrating Developmental Plasticity -- Irreversible Developmental Plasticity vs. Reversible Phenotypic Flexibility -- Adaptive Significance of the Phenotypic Modification -- Framework Linking Parental Investment, Physiological Mediators, Regulators, and Offspring Phenotype -- Future Directions -- Individual Variation in Responses to Stressor and Fitness Consequences -- Epigenetic Modifications by Stressors -- Multidimensional Connections among Physiological Mediators -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 A Common Framework for the Regulation of Growth and Size: Stepping Away from the Trees to See the Forest -- Introduction -- A General Framework for the Regulation of Growth and Body Size -- Commonalities in the Regulation of Body Size Across Taxa -- 1. The Decision Point -- 2. The Terminal Growth Period (TGP) -- 3. The Cessation of Growth -- 4. Growth Rate -- Using the Framework to Address the Ecology and Evolution of Growth and Size -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 Adding Fuel to the "Fire of Life'': Energy Budgets across Levels of Variation in Ectotherms and Endotherms -- Introduction -- Intrinsic Factors that Explain Variation in MR -- Extrinsic Factors that Explain Variation in MR -- Energy Budgets -- Increased-Intake and Allocation Models -- Context-Dependence Hypothesis and the Y-model -- From Individuals to Species -- Metabolic Scopes: A Different Kind of Energetic Budgeting -- Energetic Constraints on Individual Behavior -- Spontaneous Activity -- Foraging -- Habitat Selection -- Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 15 Biological Timekeeping: Individual Variation, Performance, and Fitness -- Introduction.

Endogenous versus Environmental Drivers -- Responses to Entrainment by Endogenous Clocks Varies over Their Cycle -- General Properties of Biological Rhythms -- Circadian Rhythms -- Adaptive Value of Endogenous Circadian Clocks -- Circannual Cycles and Seasonality -- Overview and Introduction -- Physiological Mechanisms of Annual Cycles -- Adaptive Value of Seasonality -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16 Senescence: Integrating Biology from Cradle to the Grave -- Introduction -- Ultimate Theories of Aging -- Proximate Theories of Aging -- Somatic Mutation Theory -- Oxidative Stress -- Telomeres -- Hormonal Pathways -- Network Theories of Aging -- Future Directions -- Senescence in the Wild -- Senescence and the Developmental Environment: Compensatory Growth, Maternal Effects and Hormesis -- References -- Chapter 17 Linking Physiology, Climate, and Species Distributional Ranges -- Introduction -- Limits to Geographic Ranges: Examples Involving Capacities and Tolerances -- Limits to Geographic Ranges: Examples Involving Tolerances and Plasticity -- Proximate Causes behind Macrophysiological Patterns -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 18 Trade-offs and Biological Diversity: Integrative Answers to Ecological Questions -- Introduction -- Resource Availability and Environmental Gradients: The Importance of Body Size -- Ecological Defense: Guarding against Natural Enemies -- Abiotic Challenges: The Costs of Adaptation -- Evolutionary Trade-Offs and the Distributions of Species -- Are Trade-Offs Universal? -- Trade-Offs, Integrative Biology, and Moving Forward -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 19 Conclusions: The Central Role of the Organism in Biology -- Introduction -- How Do Complex Traits Interact with Complex Environments?.

Where Does Organismal Diversity Come From and How Does It Evolve?.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.