Immunology : A Short Course.

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- Title page -- Copyright page -- About the Authors -- Contributors -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- How to Use Your Textbook -- Features Contained within Your Textbook -- The Anytime, Anywhere Textbook -- About the Companion Website -- 1: Overview of the Immune System -- Introduction -- Innate and Adaptive Immunity -- Clonal Selection Theory -- Active, Passive, and Adoptive Immunization -- Humoral and Cellular Immunity -- Cell-Mediated Immunity -- Generation of Diversity in the Immune Response -- Benefits of Immunology -- Damaging Effects of the Immune Response -- The Future of Immunology -- The Short Course Begins Here -- References and Bibliography -- 2: Innate Immunity -- Introduction -- Physical and Chemical Barriers of Innate Immunity -- Pattern Recognition: The Hallmark of Innate Immune Responses -- Complement -- Inflammation -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 3: Adaptive Immunity -- Cells and Organs Involved in Adaptive Immunity -- The Fate of Antigen after Penetration -- Interrelationship between Innate and Adaptive Immunity -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 4: Immunogens and Antigens -- Introduction -- Requirements for Immunogenicity -- Primary and Secondary Responses -- Antigenicity and Antigen-Binding Site -- Epitopes Recognized by B Cells and T Cells -- Major Classes of Antigens -- Binding of Antigen with Antigen-Specific Antibodies or T Cells -- Cross-Reactivity -- Adjuvants -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 5: Antibody Structure and Function -- Introduction -- Isolation and Characterization of Immunoglobulins -- Structure of Light and Heavy Chains -- Domains -- Hinge Region -- Variable Region -- Immunoglobulin Variants -- Structural Features of IgG.

Structural Features of IgM -- Biologic Properties of IgM -- Structural and Biologic Properties of IgA -- Structural and Biologic Properties of IgD -- Structural and Biologic Properties of IgE -- Kinetics of the Antibody Response Following Immunization -- The Immunoglobulin Superfamily -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 6: Antigen-Antibody Interactions, Immune Assays, and Experimental Systems -- Introduction -- Antigen-Antibody Interactions -- Primary Interactions Between Antibody and Antigen -- Secondary Interactions between Antibody and Antigen -- Immunoassays -- Immunofluorescence -- Flow Cytometry -- Immunoabsorption and Immunoadsorption -- Cellular Assays -- Cell Culture -- Experimental Animal Models -- Transgenic Mice and Gene Targeting -- Analysis of Gene Expression -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 7: The Genetic Basis of Antibody Structure -- Introduction -- A Brief Review of Nonimmunoglobulin Gene Structure and Gene Expression -- Genetic Events in Synthesis of Ig Chains -- Class or Isotype Switching -- Generation of Antibody Diversity -- Role of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase in Generating Antibody Diversity -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 8: Biology of the B Lymphocyte -- Introduction -- Development of B Lymphocytes -- Sites of Antibody Synthesis -- B-Cell Membrane Proteins -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 9: How T Cells Recognize Antigen: The Role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex -- Introduction -- How The MHC Got Its Name -- MHC Role in Antigen Presentation -- Different MHC Molecules Are Expressed by Distinct Host Cells and Interact with Different Sets of T Cells -- Variability of MHC Class I and MHC Class II Molecules.

Structure of MHC Class I and Class II Molecules -- Antigen Processing and Presentation: How MHC Molecules Bind Peptides and Create Ligands That Interact with T Cells -- Other Types of Antigen That Activate T-Cell Responses -- Genes of the HLA Region -- Nomenclature of Polymorphic MHC Molecules -- Regulation of Expression of MHC Genes -- MHC in Other Species -- Diversity of MHC Molecules: MHC Association with Resistance and Susceptibility to Disease -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 10: Biology of the T Lymphocyte -- Introduction -- The Antigen-Specific T-Cell Receptor -- Genes Coding for T-Cell Receptors -- Generation of T-Cell Receptor Diversity -- T-Cell Differentiation in the Thymus -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 11: Activation and Function of T Cells -- Introduction -- A Two-Signal Model for the Activation of T Cells -- Dendritic Cells Are the Key APC for Naïve T Cells -- Activation of CD4+ T Cells -- CD4+ T-Cell Function -- Activation and Function of CD8+ T Cells -- CD8+ T-Cell Killing of Target Cells -- Memory T Cells -- Function of Other Subsets of T Cells -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 12: Cytokines -- Introduction -- The History of Cytokines -- General Properties of Cytokines -- Functional Categories of Cytokines -- Cytokine Receptors -- Cytokine Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction -- Role of Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors in Disease -- Therapeutic Exploitation of Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 13: Tolerance and Autoimmunity -- Introduction -- Central Tolerance -- Peripheral Tolerance -- Oral Tolerance -- Immune Privilege -- Autoimmunity and Disease -- Autoimmune Diseases.

References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 14: Complement -- Introduction -- Overview of Complement Activation -- Regulation of Complement Activity -- Biologic Activities of Complement -- Complement Deficiencies -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 15: Hypersensitivity: Type I -- Introduction -- General Characteristics of Allergic Reactions -- Sensitization Phase -- Activation Phase -- Effector Phase -- Clinical Aspects of Allergic Reactions -- Clinical Tests for Allergies and Clinical Intervention -- Intervention -- The Protective Role of IgE -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 16: Hypersensitivity: Types II and III -- Introduction -- Type II Hypersensitivity -- Examples of Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 17: Hypersensitivity: Type IV -- Introduction -- General Characteristics and Pathophysiology of DTH -- Examples of DTH -- Treatment of DTH -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 18: Immunodeficiency Disorders and Neoplasias of the Lymphoid System -- Introduction -- Immunodeficiency Syndromes -- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- Neoplasms of Lymphoid System -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 19: Transplantation -- Introduction -- Relationship between Donor and Recipient -- Immune Mechanisms are Responsible for Allograft Rejection -- Categories of Allograft Rejection -- Role of MHC Molecules in Allograft Rejection -- Role of T Cell Lineages and Cytokines in Allograft Rejection -- Laboratory Tests Used in Tissue Typing -- Prolongation of Allograft Survival: Immunosuppresive Therapy -- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Graft-Versus-Host Disease -- Xenogeneic Transplantation -- The Fetus: A Tolerated Allograft -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- 20: Tumor Immunology -- Introduction -- Tumor Antigens -- Categories of Tumor Antigens -- Immunologic Factors Influencing the Incidence of Cancer -- Effector Mechanisms in Tumor Immunity -- Cell-Mediated Responses to Tumor Cells -- Cytokines -- Limitations of the Effectiveness of The Immune Response Against Tumors -- Immunodiagnosis -- Tumor Immunoprophylaxis -- Immunotherapy -- References And Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers To Review Questions -- 21: Resistance and Immunization to Infectious Diseases -- Introduction -- Host Defense Against the Various Classes of Microbial Pathogens -- Mechanisms by Which Pathogens Evade the Immune Response -- Principles of Immunization -- Objectives of Immunization -- Active Immunizations -- Basic Mechanisms of Protection -- Vaccine Precautions -- Recent Approaches to Production of Vaccines -- Passive Immunization -- References and Bibliography -- Review Questions -- Answers to Review Questions -- Glossary -- Appendix: Partial List of CD Antigens -- Index -- End User License Agreement.

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