Phonological Development : The First Two Years.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Note on Second Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Biological Foundations of Language Development -- Chomsky and the origins of the LAD and UG -- Analysis of an argument -- The course of language development -- Alternative approaches to Chomskyan biological foundations -- Phonological Development: Goals and Challenges -- Phonetics and phonology -- The interaction of perception and production -- Cross-linguistic perspectives -- The significance of individual differences -- Methodologies: Data sources and theoretical perspectives -- Overview -- Chapter 2 Precursors to Language: The First 18 Months of Life -- The Development of Linguistic Form and Function -- 1 Early Capacities: Birth to 2 Months -- (a) The child as experiencer and communicator -- (b) The child as listener and vocalizer -- (c) Linked form and function -- 2 Early Capacities: 2 to 4 Months -- (a) The child as experiencer and communicator -- (b) The child as listener and vocalizer -- (c) Linked form and function -- 3 Early Capacities: 4 to 6 Months -- (a) The child as experiencer and actor -- (b) The child as listener and vocalizer -- 4 First Advances: 6 to 9 Months -- (a) The child as experiencer and actor -- (b) The child as listener and vocalizer -- Attainments of the first 9 months -- 5 Bringing the Strands Together: 9 to 12 Months -- (a) The child as experiencer and communicator -- (b) The child as listener and vocalizer -- (c) Linked form and function -- 6 Transition to Language use: 12 to 18 Months -- (a) The child as experiencer/communicator -- (b) The child as listener/speaker -- (c) The child as both experiencer/communicator and listener/speaker -- Learning Mechanisms -- Distributional or statistical learning -- Lexical or symbolic (categorical) learning ('explicit' or 'declarative').

Summary: Precursors and the Transition to Language -- Chapter 3 Development in Perception: Early Capacities, Rapid Change -- Issues that Motivated the Study of Infant Speech Perception -- Problems posed by speech perception -- Categorical perception -- Methods Used to Study Infant Speech Perception -- Discrimination: Infant Capacities -- Mechanisms Underlying Infant Perception -- Discrimination of speech vs. non-speech signals -- Speech perception by humans vs. other animals -- Within-category discrimination -- Developmental Change in Perception -- Discrimination of non-native contrasts -- What is the role of experience? -- 'Perceptual Narrowing': Models of Developmental Change -- Perceptual assimilation model -- A mechanism for perceptual narrowing -- Developmental change in vowel perception -- Cross-Modal Perception -- Mirror neurons -- Summary: The Infant Listener-From Universal to Particular -- Chapter 4 Infant Vocal Production -- Early Vocal Production -- Contemporary models: Goals and methods -- The first six months: Stage models -- The infant vocal tract -- The vocal substrate of speech -- The Social Context, I: Precanonical Period -- The Emergence of Adult-Like Syllables -- Rhythmicity and silent babbling -- Canonical vs. variegated 'stages' -- Vocal development in aphonic children -- The Social Context, II: Canonical Period -- Vowel Production in the First Year -- Vocal tract changes and vowel production -- Influence from the Ambient Language -- The role of proprioception in vocal advance -- Summary: Biological and Social Foundations -- Chapter 5 Perceptual Advances in the First Year: Prosody, Segmentation and Distributional Learning -- The Role of Prosody and Infant-Directed Speech (IDS) -- Newborn experience and the role of rhythm -- The salience and ubiquity of IDS -- What aspects of IDS are salient to the infant?.

Affective and attentional functions of IDS prosody -- Prosodic Bootstrapping -- Advances in Knowledge of Accentual Patterns and Phonotactics -- Accentual patterns: English and other languages -- Phonotactic patterning -- Experimental Studies of Segmentation -- Evidence of infant ability to segment trained words from passages -- Cross-linguistic and cross-dialect attempts at replication -- The role of isolated words -- The role of production -- The role of memory -- Distributional or Statistical Learning -- Summary: Rhythms and Segmental Patterns -- Chapter 6 The Transition to Language Use -- Beginnings of Word Comprehension -- Word comprehension vs. word production -- Development of Intentional Communication -- Gesture -- Protowords -- Early words -- The role of onomatopoeia -- Referential Word Use -- Phonetic and Phonological Development -- Early word forms -- Influence from the ambient language -- Rhythm in Child Production -- Developmental studies of final syllable lengthening -- Phonological rhythm in development -- Emergence of Phonological Systematicity -- Word templates -- Summary: Continuity and Change -- Chapter 7 Experimental Studies of Word-Form Learning -- The Role of Phonology in Word Recognition and Word Learning -- The Perceptual Basis of Word Learning:How Detailed Are EarlyWord-Form Representations -- Untrained word-form recognition: Cross-linguistic differences -- Explorations of `Phonological Specificity' -- (a) Novel word-form learning: A naturalistic study -- (b)The switch paradigm -- (c) Preferential looking studies -- (d) Eye-tracking studies -- (e) Categorization studies -- Integrating the Findings -- Neurophysiological Investigation of Word Learning: Event Related Potentials -- Reorganization of the brain with lexical advance -- Establishing the onset of word-form recognition.

Relating word-form recognition to semantic processing -- Summary: Understanding the Development of Representation -- Chapter 8 Phonological Development in the Bilingual Child -- The Study of Child Bilingualism: Parental Strategy and Language Use -- 'Non-selectivity' in Adult Bilingual Processing: Implications for Children -- Speech Perception and Processing -- Language differentiation -- Vowel and consonant perception -- Stress perception -- Word-form recognition and word learning -- Processing efficiency -- Bilingual Production -- Early studies: One system or two? -- Later studies: Going beyond the 'unitary system' hypothesis -- The effects of ambient language rhythm on bilingual production -- Separate Systems with Interaction -- Summary: The Experience of the Bilingual Child -- Chapter 9 Theories, I: Formalist and Perception Models -- What is the Source of the Linguistic System? -- Some basic questions -- The First Linguistic Models -- The structuralist tradition: Jakobson -- The generative approach: Stampe and Smith -- Nonlinear phonology and principles and parameters -- Contemporary Formalist Models -- Prosodic phonology -- Optimality theory -- Contemporary Formalist Models: Critique and Appreciation -- Perception Models -- Perception Models: Critique and Appreciation -- Summary: Theory and Data in Developmental Models -- Chapter 10 Theories, II: Functionalist or Emergentist Models -- Biological Model -- Self-Organizing Models -- Dynamic systems theory -- Frame/Content model -- Lindblom's model -- Usage-Based Models -- Probabilistic phonological knowledge -- Exemplar learning -- The role of production in an emergentist framework -- Whole-Word Phonology -- Word templates: Some history -- Whole-word phonology: Some questions -- Generality of template use -- Generality of templatic patterns -- Challenges and opportunities.

Prosodic vs. segmental structure -- Typology by language -- Nature of representation -- The emergence of segments -- Linked-attractor model -- Functionalist or Emergentist Models: Critique and Appreciation -- Summary: Emergent Phonology -- Chapter 11 Conclusion -- Linking Perception and Production -- Phonological memory -- Effects of Lexical Learning and Language Use -- Appendix Data Sources -- References -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.