Fundamental Principles of Polymeric Materials.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- Problems -- References -- PART I. POLYMER FUNDAMENTALS -- 2 TYPES OF POLYMERS -- 2.1 Reaction to Temperature -- 2.2 Chemistry of Synthesis -- 2.3 Structure -- 2.4 Conclusions -- Problems -- Reference -- 3 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF POLYMERS -- 3.1 Types of Bonds -- 3.2 Bond Distances and Strengths -- 3.3 Bonding and Response to Temperature -- 3.4 Action of Solvents -- 3.5 Bonding and Molecular Structure -- 3.6 Stereoisomerism in Vinyl Polymers -- 3.7 Stereoisomerism in Diene Polymers -- 3.8 Summary -- Problems -- References -- 4 POLYMER MORPHOLOGY -- 4.1 Amorphous and Crystalline Polymers -- 4.2 The Effect of Polymer Structure, Temperature, and Solvent on Crystallinity -- 4.3 The Effect of Crystallinity on Polymer Density -- 4.4 The Effect of Crystallinity on Mechanical Properties -- 4.5 The Effect of Crystallinity on Optical Properties -- 4.6 Models for the Crystalline Structure of Polymers -- 4.7 Extended Chain Crystals -- 4.8 Liquid Crystal Polymers -- Problems -- References -- 5 CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Average Molecular Weights -- 5.3 Determination of Average Molecular Weights -- 5.4 Molecular Weight Distributions -- 5.5 Gel Permeation (or Size-Exclusion) Chromatography (GPC, SEC) -- 5.6 Summary -- Problems -- References -- 6 THERMAL TRANSITIONS IN POLYMERS -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Glass Transition -- 6.3 Molecular Motions in an Amorphous Polymer -- 6.4 Determination of Tg -- 6.5 Factors that Influence Tg -- 6.6 The Effect of Copolymerization on Tg -- 6.7 The Thermodynamics of Melting -- 6.8 The Metastable Amorphous State -- 6.9 The Influence of Copolymerization on Thermal Properties -- 6.10 Effect of Additives on Thermal Properties.

6.11 General Observations about Tg and Tm -- 6.12 Effects of Crosslinking -- 6.13 Thermal Degradation of Polymers -- 6.14 Other Thermal Transitions -- Problems -- References -- 7 POLYMER SOLUBILITY AND SOLUTIONS -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 General Rules for Polymer Solubility -- 7.3 Typical Phase Behavior in Polymer-Solvent Systems -- 7.4 The Thermodynamic Basis of Polymer Solubility -- 7.5 The Solubility Parameter -- 7.6 Hansen's Three-Dimensional Solubility Parameter -- 7.7 The Flory-Huggins Theory -- 7.8 Properties of Dilute Solutions -- 7.9 Polymer-Polmyer-Common Solvent Systems -- 7.10 Polymer Solutions, Suspensions, and Emulsions -- 7.11 Concentrated Solutions: Plasticizers -- Problems -- References -- PART II. POLYMER SYNTHESIS -- 8 STEP-GROWTH (CONDENSATION) POLYMERIZATION -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Statistics of Linear Step-Growth Polymerization -- 8.3 Number-Average Chain Lengths -- 8.4 Chain Lengths on a Weight Basis -- 8.5 Gel Formation -- 8.6 Kinetics of Polycondensation -- Problems -- References -- 9 FREE-RADICAL ADDITION (CHAIN-GROWTH) POLYMERIZATION -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Mechanism of Polymerization -- 9.3 Gelation in Addition Polymerization -- 9.4 Kinetics of Homogeneous Polymerization -- 9.5 Instantaneous Average Chain Lengths -- 9.6 Temperature Dependence of Rate and Chain Length -- 9.7 Chain Transfer and Reaction Inhibitors -- 9.8 Instantaneous Distributions in Free-Radical Addition Polymerization -- 9.9 Instantaneous Quantities -- 9.10 Cumulative Quantities -- 9.11 Relations Between Instantaneous and Cumulative Average Chain Lengths for a Batch Reactor -- 9.12 Emulsion Polymerization -- 9.13 Kinetics of Emulsion Polymerization in Stage II, Case 2 -- 9.14 Summary -- Problems -- References -- 10 ADVANCED POLYMERIZATION METHODS -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Cationic Polymerization -- 10.3 Anionic Polymerization.

10.4 Kinetics of Anionic Polymerization -- 10.5 Group-Transfer Polymerization -- 10.6 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization -- 10.7 Heterogeneous Stereospecific Polymerization -- 10.8 Grafted Polymer Surfaces -- 10.9 Summary -- Problems -- References -- 11 COPOLYMERIZATION -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Mechanism -- 11.3 Significance of Reactivity Ratios -- 11.4 Variation of Composition with Conversion -- 11.5 Copolymerization Kinetics -- 11.6 Penultimate Effects and Charge-Transfer Complexes -- 11.7 Summary -- Problems -- References -- 12 POLYMERIZATION PRACTICE -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Bulk Polymerization -- 12.3 Gas-Phase Olefin Polymerization -- 12.4 Solution Polymerization -- 12.5 Interfacial Polycondensation -- 12.6 Suspension Polymerization -- 12.7 Emulsion Polymerization -- 12.8 Summary -- Problems -- References -- PART III. POLYMER PROPERTIES -- 13 RUBBER ELASTICITY -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Thermodynamics of Elasticity -- 13.3 Statistics of Ideal Rubber Elasticity -- 13.4 Summary -- Problems -- References -- 14 INTRODUCTION TO VISCOUS FLOW AND THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMERS -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Basic Definitions -- 14.3 Relations Between Shear Force and Shear Rate: Flow Curves -- 14.4 Time-Dependent Flow Behavior -- 14.5 Polymer Melts and Solutions -- 14.6 Quantitative Representation of Flow Behavior -- 14.7 Temperature Dependence of Flow Properties -- 14.8 Influence of Molecular Weight on Flow Properties -- 14.9 The Effects of Pressure on Viscosity -- 14.10 Viscous Energy Dissipation -- 14.11 Poiseuille Flow -- 14.12 Turbulent Flow -- 14.13 Drag Reduction -- 14.14 Summary -- Problems -- References -- 15 LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Mechanical Models for Linear Viscoelastic Response -- 15.3 The Four-Parameter Model and Molecular Response -- 15.4 Viscous or Elastic Response? The Deborah Number.

15.5 Quantitative Approaches to Model Viscoelasticity -- 15.6 The Boltzmann Superposition Principle -- 15.7 Dynamic Mechanical Testing -- 15.8 Summary -- Problems -- References -- 16 POLYMER MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Mechanical Properties of Polymers -- 16.3 Axial Tensiometers -- 16.4 Viscosity Measurement -- 16.5 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: Techniques -- 16.6 Time-Temperature Superposition -- 16.7 Summary -- Problems -- References -- PART IV. POLYMER PROCESSING AND PERFORMANCE -- 17 PROCESSING -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Molding -- 17.3 Extrusion -- 17.4 Blow Molding -- 17.5 Rotational, Fluidized-Bed, and Slush Molding -- 17.6 Calendering -- 17.7 Sheet Forming (Thermoforming) -- 17.8 Stamping -- 17.9 Solution Casting -- 17.10 Casting -- 17.11 Reinforced Thermoset Molding -- 17.12 Fiber Spinning -- 17.13 Compounding -- 17.14 Lithography -- 17.15 Three-Dimensional (Rapid) Prototyping -- 17.16 Summary -- Problems -- References -- 18 POLYMER APPLICATIONS: PLASTICS AND PLASTIC ADDITIVES -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Plastics -- 18.3 Mechanical Properties of Plastics -- 18.4 Contents of Plastic Compounds -- 18.5 Sheet Molding Compound for Plastics -- 18.6 Plastics Recycling -- Problems -- References -- 19 POLYMER APPLICATIONS: RUBBERS AND THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 19.3 Contents of Rubber Compounds -- 19.4 Rubber Compounding -- References -- 20 POLYMER APPLICATIONS: SYNTHETIC FIBERS -- 20.1 Synthetic Fibers -- 20.2 Fiber Processing -- 20.3 Fiber Dyeing -- 20.4 Other Fiber Additives and Treatments -- 20.5 Effects of Heat and Moisture on Polymer Fibers -- 21 POLYMER APPLICATIONS: SURFACE FINISHES AND COATINGS -- 21.1 Surface Finishes -- 21.2 Solventless Coatings -- 21.3 Electrodeposition -- 21.4 Microencapsulation -- Problem -- References -- 22 POLYMER APPLICATIONS: ADHESIVES.

22.1 Adhesives -- References -- INDEX.

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