Cancer : Principles and Practice of Oncology Primer of Molecular Biology in Cancer.

Intro -- Contributors -- PART I: Principles of Molecular Oncology -- 1. The Cancer Genome -- Yardena Samuels, Alberto Bardelli, Yochai Wolf, and Carlos López-Otin -- Introduction -- Cancer Genes and Their Mutations -- Identification of Cancer Genes -- Cancer Gene Discovery by Sequencing Candidate Gene Families -- Mutational Analysis of Exomes Using Sanger Sequencing -- Next-Generation Sequencing and Cancer Genome Analysis -- Whole-Genome Analysis Utilizing Second-Generation Sequencing -- Whole-Exome Analysis Utilizing Second-Generation Sequencing -- Somatic Alteration Classes Detected by Cancer Genome Analysis -- Pathway-Oriented Models of Cancer Genome Analysis -- Passenger and Driver Mutations -- Networks of Cancer Genome Projects -- The Genomic Landscape of Cancers -- Single-Cell Genomics -- Integrative Analysis of Cancer Genomics -- Immunogenomics -- The Cancer Genome and the New Taxonomy of Tumors -- Liquid Biopsies as a Diagnosis Tool -- Clinical Applications of Liquid Biopsies -- Cancer Genomics and Drug Resistance -- Perspectives of Cancer Genome Analysis -- Acknowledgments -- 2. Molecular Methods in Cancer -- Larissa V. Furtado, Jay L. Hess, and Bryan L. Betz -- Applications of Molecular Diagnostics in Oncology -- Biomarker Genetics -- Use of Biomarkers in Diagnosis -- Use of Biomarkers in Prognosis -- Use of Biomarkers in Predicting Response to Therapy -- Use of Biomarkers in Therapeutic Disease Monitoring -- Use of Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Cancer Prevention -- The Clinical Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory: Rules and Regulations -- Specimen Requirements for Molecular Diagnostics -- Molecular Diagnostics Testing Process -- Targeted Mutation Analysis Methods -- Polymerase Chain Reaction -- Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction -- Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction -- Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Fragment Analysis -- Sanger Sequencing -- Pyrosequencing -- Methylation Analysis -- Microsatellite Instability Analysis/Assessment of Mismatch Repair Deficiency -- Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization -- Whole-Genome Analysis Methods -- Next-Generation Sequencing -- Genomic Microarrays -- Expression Panels -- Immunohistochemistry for Tumor Biomarkers -- PD-L1 -- ALK and ROS1 -- BRAFV600E -- Cell-Free DNA Technologies -- 3. Hallmarks of Cancer: An Organizing Principle for Cancer Medicine -- Douglas Hanahan and Robert A. Weinberg -- Introduction -- Hallmark Capabilities, In Essence -- Sustaining Proliferative Signaling -- Somatic Mutations Activate Additional Downstream Pathways -- Disruptions of Negative-Feedback Mechanisms that Attenuate Proliferative Signaling -- Excessive Proliferative Signaling Can Trigger Cell Senescence -- Evading Growth Suppressors -- Mechanisms of Contact Inhibition and Its Evasion -- Corruption of the Transforming Growth Factor β Pathway Promotes Malignancy -- Resisting Cell Death -- Autophagy Mediates Both Tumor Cell Survival and Death -- Necrosis Has Proinflammatory and Tumor-Promoting Potential -- Enabling Replicative Immortality -- Reassessing Replicative Senescence -- Delayed Activation of Telomerase May Both Limit and Foster Neoplastic Progression -- Inducing Angiogenesis -- Gradations of the Angiogenic Switch -- Endogenous Angiogenesis Inhibitors Present Natural Barriers to Tumor Angiogenesis -- Pericytes Are Important Components of the Tumor Neovasculature -- A Variety of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Contribute to Tumor Angiogenesis -- Activating Invasion and Metastasis -- The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program Broadly Regulates Invasion and Metastasis -- Heterotypic Contributions of Stromal Cells to Invasion and Metastasis -- Plasticity in the Invasive Growth Program.

Distinct Forms of Invasion May Underlie Different Cancer Types -- The Daunting Complexity of Metastatic Colonization -- Reprogramming Energy Metabolism -- Evading Immune Destruction -- Two Ubiquitous Characteristics Facilitate the Acquisition of Hallmark Capabilities -- An Enabling Characteristic: Genome Instability and Mutation -- An Enabling Characteristic: Tumor-Promoting Inflammation -- The Constituent Cell Types of the Tumor Microenvironment -- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts -- Endothelial Cells -- Pericytes -- Immune Inflammatory Cells -- Stem and Progenitor Cells of the Tumor Stroma -- Heterotypic Signaling Orchestrates the Cells of the Tumor Microenvironment -- Coevolution of the Tumor Microenvironment During Carcinogenesis -- Cancer Cells, Cancer Stem Cells, and Intratumoral Heterogeneity -- Therapeutic Targeting of the Hallmarks of Cancer -- Conclusion and a Vision for the Future -- Acknowledgment -- 4. Oncogenic Viruses -- Christopher B. Buck, Lee Ratner, and Giovanna Tosato -- Principles of Tumor Virology -- Papillomaviruses -- History -- Tissue Tropism and Gene Functions -- Human Papillomavirus Vaccines -- Oropharyngeal Cancer -- Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer -- Bladder Cancer -- Polyomaviruses -- History -- BK Polyomavirus -- Merkel Cell Polyomavirus -- Other Human Polyomaviruses -- Epstein-Barr Virus -- History -- Epstein-Barr Virus Life Cycle -- Lymphomas -- Carcinomas -- Prevention and Treatment -- Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus -- History and Epidemiology -- Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus in Kaposi Sarcoma -- Lymphoproliferative Disorders -- Animal and Human Retroviruses -- Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Epidemiology -- Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Molecular Biology -- Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Malignancies -- Hepatitis Viruses -- Hepatitis B Virus -- Hepatitis C Virus.

Hepatitis Virus Pathogenesis -- Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Hepatitis Virus-Associated Malignancies -- Conclusion -- 5. DNA Repair in Normal and Cancer Cells -- Meredith A. Morgan and Theodore S. Lawrence -- Introduction -- Radiation-Induced DNA Damage -- Cellular Responses to Radiation-Induced DNA Damage -- Cell Cycle Checkpoint Pathways -- DNA Repair -- Metabolism -- Innate Immune Response -- Chromosome Aberrations Result from Faulty DNA Double-Strand Break Repair -- Membrane Signaling -- The Effect of Radiation on Cell Survival -- In Vivo Survival Determination of Normal Tissue Response to Radiation -- In Vivo Determination of Tumor Response to Radiation -- Factors That Affect Radiation Response -- The Fundamental Principles of Radiobiology -- Dose-Rate Effects -- Relative Biologic Effectiveness -- Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy -- Cell Cycle -- Tumor Oxygenation -- Immune Response -- Genetic Signatures -- Drugs That Affect Radiation Sensitivity -- Antimetabolites -- Platinums and Temozolomide -- Taxanes -- Molecularly Targeted Agents -- Immunotherapy -- Radiation Protection -- 6. Microbiome and Cancer -- Giorgio Trinchieri -- Introduction -- Cancer as a Disease of the Metaorganism -- Bacteria as Cause of Cancer -- Helicobacter pylori and Stomach Cancer -- Colorectal Cancer -- Tumors in Tissues Not Directly Colonized by the Microbiota -- The Microbiota Modulates Cancer-Predisposing Conditions and Comorbidity -- Bacteria as Cancer Drugs -- Microbiota and Drug Metabolism -- Microbiota and Chemotherapy -- Microbiota and Immunotherapy -- Immune Checkpoint Blockers: Anti-CTLA-4 -- Immune Checkpoint Blockers: Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 -- Looking Forward -- 7. Precision Medicine in Oncology -- James H. Doroshow -- Introduction -- Approach to Precision Medicine in Oncology.

Next-Generation DNA Sequencing for Precision Oncology -- Broadening the Spectrum of Molecular Characterization -- Preclinical Models to Inform Precision Oncology -- Role of Molecular Pharmacodynamics and Diagnostics in Precision Oncology -- Human Biospecimens for Molecular Characterization -- Molecular Pharmacodynamics in Precision Oncology -- Predictive Diagnostic Assays -- Precision Oncology Clinical Trials and Trial Designs -- Imaging and Precision Oncology -- Precision Prevention -- Future Prospects -- 8. Cancer Immunotherapy -- Jeffrey Weber and Iulia Giuroiu -- Introduction -- Interferon-α -- Interleukin-2 -- Talimogene Laherparepvec -- Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes -- Checkpoint Inhibitors-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 -- Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 Blockade -- Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 and Programmed Cell Death Protein Ligand 1 Blockade -- Melanoma -- Non-small-cell Lung Cancer -- Mismatch-Repair Deficient or Microsatellite Instability-High Cancers -- Renal Cell Carcinoma -- Hodgkin Lymphoma -- Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- Urothelial Carcinoma -- Merkel Cell Carcinoma -- Hepatocellular Carcinoma -- Gastric Cancer -- Cervical Cancer -- Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma -- Dosing -- Vaccines -- Sipuleucel-T -- Conclusion -- 9. Immunotherapy Agents -- Jeffrey A. Sosman and Douglas B. Johnson -- Introduction -- Human Tumor Antigens -- Mutanome-Associated Neoantigens -- Tumor Vaccines -- Personalized Neoantigen Vaccination -- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors -- Other Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Development -- Anti-TIGIT -- TIM-3 -- LAG-3 -- KIR -- CD73 -- VISTA -- B7-H3 -- Immune Checkpoint Activators -- 4-1BB (CD137) -- GITR -- ICOS -- CD40 -- CD27-CD70 -- OX40 -- Oncolytic Viruses -- Talimogene Laherparepvec.

Other Oncolytic Viruses.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.