RF Circuits and Applications for Practicing Engineers.

Intro -- RF Circuits and Applicationsfor Practicing Engineers -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Essentials of Radio Frequency (RF) Circuits and S-Parameters -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Transmission Lines -- 1.2.1 Characteristic Impedance -- 1.2.2 Electrical Length -- 1.2.3 Attenuation -- 1.3 Power Waves and the Reflection Coefficient -- 1.3.1 Power Waves -- 1.3.2 Reflection Coefficient -- 1.3.3 Impedance Transformation -- 1.4 RF Source -- 1.5 Scattering Parameters (S-Parameters) -- 1.5.1 Two-Port S-Parameters -- 1.5.2 N-Port Networks and the SnP File Format -- References -- 2 Circuit Analysis Using S-Parameters -- 2.1 Power Gains -- 2.1.1 Γout and Γin -- 2.1.2 Pav_out and PL_in -- 2.2 Stability of Amplifiers -- 2.2.1 Analysis in the ΓS and ΓL Planes -- 2.2.2 Stability Circles -- 2.2.3 Stability Criteria of K and μ Parameters -- 2.2.4 Additional Comments -- 2.3 Conjugate Matching and Constant Circles of Gains and Mismatch Factors -- 2.3.1 Simultaneous Conjugate Matching -- 2.3.2 Constant Circles of Gains and Mismatch Factors -- 2.3.3 Linear Circuit Design Using the Constant Circle Method -- 2.4 Invariance of the Mismatch Factors of Lossless Networks -- References -- 3 Matching Networks and the Smith Chart -- 3.1 Circuit Realization of Matching Networks -- 3.1.1 Case 1: Resistor Allowed for the Matching Circuit -- 3.1.2 Case 2: Lossless Matching Networks -- 3.2 Construction of the Smith Chart -- 3.3 The Smith Chart Representation of Networks -- 3.4 Bandwidth of Matching Networks and Q Lines on the Smith Chart -- 3.4.1 Review of Q Factors -- 3.4.2 Bandwidth Expressed in Q -- 3.4.3 Q Lines on the Smith Chart -- 3.5 Matching Network Design Using the Smith Chart -- 3.5.1 Lumped Elements and Transmission Lines on the Smith Chart -- 3.5.2 Computerized Smith Chart -- 3.5.3 Design Considerations of Matching Networks -- References.

4 Noise and Its Characterization in RF Systems -- 4.1 Noise Sources -- 4.2 Thermal Noise -- 4.3 Equivalent Noise Circuits -- 4.4 The Noise Figure of Linear Two-Port Networks -- 4.5 The Noise Figure in Practical Applications -- 4.5.1 Noise Figure and Source Impedance -- 4.5.2 Temperature Effects on Noise Performance and Characterization -- References -- 5 RF Amplifier Designs in Practice -- 5.1 Circuit Specifications and Transistor Selection -- 5.1.1 Circuit Specifications of Linear Amplifiers -- 5.1.2 Transistors for RF Applications -- 5.1.3 Datasheet Specifications for RF Transistors -- 5.2 Stability Considerations -- 5.2.1 Conditions for Oscillation -- 5.2.2 Stability Analysis Using Stability Parameters -- 5.2.3 Some Common Unintended Oscillations and Solutions -- 5.3 Low-Noise RF Amplifier Design with the Constant-Circle Method -- 5.3.1 Estimate of RLin When F = Fmin and RLout Is Perfect -- 5.3.2 Trade-Offs Among F, RLin, and RLout -- 5.4 Configurations for RF Amplifiers -- 5.4.1 Balanced Amplifiers -- 5.4.2 Broadband Amplifiers with Negative Feedback -- 5.4.3 LC Balun for Differential and Single-Ended Circuits -- References -- 6 RF Power Amplifiers -- 6.1 DC Characteristics of RF Transistors -- 6.2 Load-Line and Matching for Power -- 6.3 Nonlinearity Specifications -- References -- 7 Efficiency of RF Power Amplifiers -- 7.1 RF Cooling and Efficiencies of RF Power Amplifiers -- 7.2 Conduction Angle and Class A, AB, B, and C Power Amplifiers -- 7.2.1 Conduction Angles -- 7.2.2 Efficiency of Class A, AB, B, and C Amplifiers -- 7.2.3 I0 and Load Line Selection -- 7.2.4 Class A to Class B Modes in Actual RF Amplifiers -- 7.3 Operation in Overdriven Conditions -- 7.3.1 I0 = Imax -- 7.3.2 I0 by the Load Line Selection -- 7.4 Harmonic Flattening and Class F and Inverse Class F Amplifiers -- 7.4.1 Second- and Third-Harmonic Flattening.

7.4.2 Class F and Inverse Class F Amplifiers -- 7.5 Class E and Doherty Amplifiers -- 7.5.1 Class E Amplifier -- 7.5.2 Doherty Amplifier -- References -- 8 RF Designs in Wireless Communications Systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Baseband, Modulation, and Passband -- 8.2.1 Baseband and M-ary Scheme -- 8.2.2 Passband of Modulated RF Carriers -- 8.3 Cascaded Noise Figure and Linearity Specifications -- 8.3.1 Cascaded Noise Figure -- 8.3.2 Cascaded P1dB and IP3 -- 8.4 Specifications for RF Transmitters -- 8.4.1 Peak-to-Average Power Ratio -- 8.4.2 Phase Noise -- 8.4.3 EVM -- 8.4.4 Spectral Regrowth -- 8.5 Specifications for RF Receivers -- 8.5.1 Receiver Sensitivity and Noise Figure -- 8.5.2 Interference in Receivers -- 8.6 Grounding in RF Circuits -- References -- 9 Passive Components in RF Circuits -- 9.1 Capacitors, Inductors, and Resistors -- 9.1.1 Capacitors -- 9.1.2 Inductors -- 9.1.3 Resistors -- 9.2 Devices for RF Power Wave Manipulations -- 9.2.1 Directional Couplers -- 9.2.2 Circulators -- 9.2.3 Power Dividers and Combiners -- 9.2.4 90-Degree Hybrid Couplers -- 9.2.5 Low-Passive-Intermodulation Components -- References -- 10 RF Measurements -- 10.1 Measurement Techniques of S-Parameters -- 10.1.1 The VNA and Calibration Techniques -- 10.1.2 TRL Calibration -- 10.1.3 Port Extension Technique -- 10.2 Spectrum Measurements -- 10.2.1 Resolution Band Width (RBW) -- 10.2.2 Video Band Width -- 10.3 Phase Noise and Frequency Stability -- 10.3.1 Types of Modulation -- 10.3.2 Phase Noise -- 10.3.3 Frequency Stability -- 10.4 Noise Figure Measurement -- 10.4.1 Y-Factor Method -- 10.4.2 Uncertainty and Temperature Correction -- 10.4.3 Cold-Source Method -- 10.5 Power and Nonlinearity Measurements -- 10.5.1 Power Measurements -- 10.5.2 Nonlinearity Measurements -- References -- 11 RF Switches.

11.1 Realization of Switching Functions Using Two-Impedance Devices -- 11.2 PIN Diode RF Switches -- 11. 3 FET-Based RF Switches -- 11.3.1 RF Performance of FET Switches -- 11.3.2 DC Bias Networks for FET Switches -- 11.4 RF Switch Selection in Applications -- References -- About the Author -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.