Radio Wave Propagation Fundamentals, Second Edition.

Radio Wave Propagation Fundamentals Second Edition -- Contents -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Brief Historical Overview -- 1.2 Classification of Radio Waves by Frequency Bands -- 1.3 The Earth's Atmosphere and Its Structure -- 1.4 Classification of Radio Waves by Its Propagation Mechanisms -- 1.5 Interferences in RF Transmission Links -- References -- Chapter 2 Basics of Electromagnetic Waves Theory -- 2.1 Electromagnetic Process -- 2.1.1 Maxwell's Equations of Electrodynamiscs -- 2.1.2 Boundary Conditions of Electrodynamics -- 2.1.3 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Process: Classification of Media by Conductivity -- 2.2 Free Propagation of Uniform Plane Radio Waves -- 2.2.1 Uniform Plane Wave in Lossless Medium -- 2.2.2 Uniform Plane Wave in Lossy Medium -- 2.3 Polarization of the Radio Waves -- 2.3.1 Basic Relationships -- 2.3.2 Linear Polarization (LP) -- 2.3.3 Circular Polarization -- 2.3.4 Elliptical Polarization -- 2.4 Reflection and Refraction of Plane Radio Wave from the Boundary of Two Media -- 2.4.1 Introductory Remarks -- 2.4.2 Normal Incidence on a Plane Boundary -- 2.4.3 Oblique Incidence on a Plane Boundary -- 2.4.4 Power Reflection and Transmission -- 2.4.5 Reflection of the Radio Wave from the Boundary of Nonideal Dielectric Medium -- 2.5 Radiation from Infinitesimal Electric Current Source: Spherical Waves -- 2.6 Spatial Area Significant for Radio Waves Propagation -- 2.6.1 Huygens' Principle -- 2.6.2 Fresnel Zones -- 2.6.3 Knife-Edge Diffraction -- 2.6.4 Some Practical Applications of the Fresnel Zones Concept -- References -- Appendix 2A Useful Mathematical Relations -- 2A.1 Trigonometric Equalities -- 2A.2 Vector Analysis -- Appendix 2B Basic Relations in Infinitesimal Electric Current Source Radiation Analysis -- 2B.1 Helmholtz Equation for Vector Potential.

2B.2 Radiation from the Electric Current Point Source -- Appendix 2C Fresnel's Integrals -- Chapter 3 Basics of Antennas for RF Links -- 3.1 Brief Introduction -- 3.2 Basic Parameters of Antennas -- 3.2.1 Radiation Pattern and Directivity -- 3.2.2 Radiation Resistance, Loss Resistance, and Antenna Gain -- 3.2.3 Antenna Effective Length -- 3.2.4 Antenna Effective Area of the Aperture -- 3.3 General Relations in Radio Wave Propagation Theory -- References -- Appendix 3A Definition of the Antenna's Far Field Zone -- Chapter 4 Impact of the Earth Surface on Propagation of Ground Waves -- 4.1 Propagation Between Antennas Elevated Above the Earth's Surface: Ray-Trace Approach -- 4.1.1 Flat Earth Approximation Case Study -- 4.1.2 Propagation over the Spherical Earth Surface -- 4.1.3 Specifics of Propagation over a Rough and Hilly Terrain -- 4.1.4 Optimal Path Clearance and Choice of the Antenna Elevations -- 4.1.5 Propagation Prediction Models in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas -- 4.2 Propagation Between Ground-Based Antennas over the Flat Earth -- 4.2.1 Antennas over the Infinite, Perfect Ground Plane -- 4.2.2 Leontovich Approximate Boundary Conditions and Structure of RadioWaves Near the Earth's Surface -- 4.2.3 Propagation over the Real Homogeneous Flat Earth -- 4.2.4 Propagation Along the Real Inhomogeneous Flat Earth: Coastal Refraction -- 4.3 Asymptotic Diffraction Theory of Propagation over the Spherical Earth Surface -- 4.3.1 Basic Concepts -- 4.3.2 Propagation Between Ground-Based Antennas -- 4.3.3 Propagation Between Elevated Antennas -- 4.3.4 Specifics of Propagation Estimates in Penumbra Zone -- References -- Appendix 4A Input Impedance of the Radiating Current Element Above the PEC Ground Plane -- Appendix 4B Diffraction of Radio Wave Around Earth's Surface: Basic Theory.

4B.1 General Solution of the Wave Equation Relevant to Propagation Factor -- Appendix 4C Specifics of Ground Reflection Calculations Between Vertically Polarized Antennas -- Appendix 4D Table of Roots (k) of Equation (4.56) for the Given Combination of p and x Parameters -- Chapter 5 Atmospheric Effects in Radio Wave Propagation -- 5.1 Dielectric Permittivity and Conductivity of the Ionized Gas -- 5.2 Regular Refraction of the Radio Waves in the Atmosphere -- 5.3 Standard Atmosphere and Tropospheric Refraction -- 5.4 Reflection and Refraction of the Sky Waves in the Ionosphere -- 5.5 The Impact of the Earth's Magnetic Field on Propagation of the Radio Waves in the Ionosphere -- 5.5.1 Propagation Along Geomagnetic Field Lines -- 5.5.2 Propagation Perpendicular to Geomagnetic Field Lines -- 5.5.3 Propagation of the Radio Wave Arbitrary Oriented Relative to the Earth's Magnetic Field -- 5.5.4 Reflection and Refraction of the Radio Waves in the Magneto-Active Ionosphere -- 5.6 Specifics of Ionospheric Propagation of ELF and VLF in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide -- 5.6.1 General Remarks -- 5.6.2 Propagation of ELF Signals -- 5.6.3 Propagation of LF and VLF Signals: High-Order Modes -- 5.7 Over-the-Horizon Propagation of the Radio Waves by the Tropospheric Scattering Mechanism -- 5.7.1 Secondary Tropospheric Radio Links -- 5.7.2 Analytical Approaches in Description of the Random Tropospheric Scatterings -- 5.7.3 Physical Interpretation of Tropospheric Scatterings -- 5.7.4 Effective Scattering Cross-Section of the Turbulent Troposphere -- 5.7.5 Statistical Models of Tropospheric Turbulences -- 5.7.6 Propagation Factor on Secondary Tropospheric Radio Links -- 5.7.7 The Specifics of the Secondary Tropospheric Radio Links Performance -- 5.8 Attenuation of the Radio Waves in the Atmosphere -- 5.8.1 Attenuations in Troposphere -- 5.8.2 Attenuations in Ionosphere.

References -- Appendix 5A Volumetric Spectrum for Autocorrelation Function of Statistically Homogeneous and Isotropic Random Field -- Appendix 5B Some Theoretical Aspects of the Ionospheric Layers Generation -- 5B.1 Ionospheric Gaseous Composition and Physical Processes Related to Ionospheric Propagation -- 5B.2 Chapman Model and Structure of the Real Ionosphere -- Appendix 5C Plane Wave Propagation in Homogeneous Magnetoactive Plasma of Ionosphere -- 5C.1 General Relations -- 5C.2 Propagation Along Geomagnetic Field Lines -- 5C.3 Propagation Across Geomagnetic Field Lines -- Chapter 6 Fluctuation Processes, RF-Link Stability Analysis and Radio Wave Reception -- 6.1 Multiplicative Interferences (Signal Fades) -- 6.1.1 Fluctuation Processes and Stability of Radio Links -- 6.1.2 Fast Fading Statistical Distributions -- 6.1.3 Slow Fading Statistical Distribution -- 6.1.4 Combined Distribution of Fast and Slow Fades -- 6.2 Additive Interferences (Noises) -- 6.2.1 Internal Noises of One- and Two-Port Networks -- 6.2.2 Noise Figure and Noise Temperature of the Cascaded Two-Port Networks -- 6.2.3 Noise Figure of the Passive Two-Port Network -- 6.2.4 Antenna Noise Temperature -- 6.2.5 Environmental (External) Noise -- 6.2.6 Basics of RF Link Performance Stability Analysis -- 6.3 Methods of Improvement of RF Systems Performance -- 6.3.1 Use of Noise Suppressing Modems for the Analog RF Links Performance Improvement -- Problems -- References -- Selected Bibliography -- Acronyms -- List of Symbols -- About the Author.

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