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Wind Loading of Structures.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Milton : Taylor & Francis Group, 2021Copyright date: ©2021Edition: 4th edDescription: 1 online resource (639 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781000220834
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Wind Loading of StructuresDDC classification:
  • 624.175
LOC classification:
  • TA654.5 .H656 2021
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Authors -- 1 The Nature of Windstorms and Wind-Induced Damage -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Meteorological Aspects -- 1.2.1 Pressure Gradient -- 1.2.2 Coriolis Force -- 1.2.3 Geostrophic Wind -- 1.2.4 Gradient Wind -- 1.2.5 Frictional Effects -- 1.3 Types of Wind Storms -- 1.3.1 Gales from Large Depressions -- 1.3.2 Tropical Cyclones -- 1.3.3 Thunderstorms -- 1.3.4 Tornadoes -- 1.3.5 Downbursts -- 1.3.6 Downslope Winds -- 1.4 Wind Damage -- 1.5 Wind-Generated Debris -- 1.5.1 Threshold of Flight -- 1.5.2 Trajectories of Compact Objects -- 1.5.3 Trajectories of Sheet and Rod Objects -- 1.5.4 Standardized Missile Testing Criteria -- 1.6 Windstorm Damage and Loss Prediction -- 1.6.1 Hazard Models -- 1.6.2 Vulnerability Curves -- 1.6.3 Damage Produced by Flying Debris -- 1.7 Hurricane Damage Modelling -- 1.8 Predicted Effects of Climate Change -- 1.9 Summary -- 1.10 The Following Chapters and Appendices -- References -- 2 Prediction of Design Wind Speeds and Structural Safety -- 2.1 Introduction and Historical Background -- 2.2 Principles of Extreme Value Analysis -- 2.2.1 The Generalized Extreme Value Distribution -- 2.2.2 Return Period and Average Recurrence Interval -- 2.2.3 Separation by Storm Type -- 2.2.4 Simulation Methods for Tropical-Cyclone Wind Speeds -- 2.2.5 Compositing Data from Several Stations -- 2.2.6 Correction for Gust Duration -- 2.2.7 Wind Direction Effects -- 2.3 Extreme-Wind Estimation by the Type I Extreme Value Distribution -- 2.3.1 Gumbel's Method -- 2.3.2 Gringorten Method -- 2.3.3 Method of Moments -- 2.3.4 Example of Fitting the Type I Distribution to Annual Maxima -- 2.3.5 General Penultimate Distribution -- 2.4 Peaks over Threshold Approaches -- 2.5 Extreme Winds by Direction Sector -- 2.6 Bootstrapping and Confidence Limits.
2.7 Prediction of Extreme Winds from Tornados -- 2.8 Parent Wind Distributions -- 2.9 Wind Loads and Structural Safety -- 2.9.1 Limit-States Design -- 2.9.2 Probability of Failure and the Safety Index -- 2.9.3 Nominal Return Periods for Design Wind Speeds -- 2.9.4 Uncertainties in Wind Load Specifications -- 2.10 Wind Load Factors -- 2.11 Summary -- Exercises -- References -- 3 Strong Wind Characteristics and Turbulence -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mean Wind Speed Profiles -- 3.2.1 The Logarithmic Law -- 3.2.2 The Deaves and Harris Mean Wind Profile -- 3.2.3 The Power Law -- 3.2.4 Mean Wind Profiles Over Water -- 3.2.5 Relationship between Upper-Level and Surface Winds -- 3.2.6 Mean Wind Profiles in Tropical Cyclones -- 3.2.7 Wind Profiles in Thunderstorm Winds -- 3.2.8 Wind Profiles in Tornados -- 3.3 Turbulence and Gust Wind Speeds -- 3.3.1 Turbulence Intensities -- 3.3.2 Probability Density -- 3.3.3 Gust Wind Speeds and Gust Factors -- 3.3.4 Wind Spectra and Turbulence Length Scales -- 3.3.5 Correlation -- 3.3.6 Co-Spectrum and Coherence -- 3.3.7 Turbulence in a Downdraft -- 3.4 Modification of Wind Flow by Topography -- 3.4.1 General Effects of Topography -- 3.4.2 Topographic Multipliers -- 3.4.3 Shallow Hills -- 3.4.4 Steep Hills, Cliffs and Escarpments -- 3.4.5 Valleys and Gorges -- 3.4.6 Case Studies -- 3.4.7 Effects of Topography on Tropical Cyclones and Thunderstorm Winds -- 3.5 Change of Terrain -- 3.6 Weakening of a Tropical Cyclone after a Coast Crossing -- 3.7 Other Sources -- 3.8 Summary -- References -- 4 Basic Bluff-Body Aerodynamics -- 4.1 Flow around Bluff Bodies -- 4.2 Pressure and Force Coefficients -- 4.2.1 Bernoulli's Equation -- 4.2.2 Force Coefficients -- 4.2.3 Functional Dependence of Pressure and Force Coefficients -- 4.2.4 Reynolds Number -- 4.3 Flat Plates and Walls -- 4.3.1 Flat Plates and Walls Normal to the Flow.
4.3.2 Flat Plates and Walls Inclined To the Flow -- 4.4 Rectangular Prismatic Shapes -- 4.4.1 Drag on Two-Dimensional Rectangular Prismatic Shapes -- 4.4.2 Effect of Aspect Ratio -- 4.4.3 Effect of Turbulence -- 4.4.4 Drag and Pressures on a Cube and Finite-Height Prisms -- 4.4.5 Jensen Number -- 4.5 Circular Cylinders -- 4.5.1 Effects of Reynolds Number and Surface Roughness -- 4.5.2 Effect of Aspect Ratio -- 4.6 Fluctuating Forces and Pressures -- 4.6.1 Introduction -- 4.6.2 The Quasi-Steady Assumption -- 4.6.3 Body-Induced Pressure Fluctuations and Vortex Shedding Forces -- 4.6.4 Universal Wake Strouhal Number -- 4.6.5 Fluctuating Pressure and Force Coefficients -- 4.6.6 Correlation Length -- 4.6.7 Total Fluctuating Forces on a Slender Body -- 4.7 Summary -- References -- 5 Resonant Dynamic Response And Effective Static Load Distributions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Principles of Dynamic Response -- 5.3 The Random Vibration or Spectral Approach -- 5.3.1 Along-Wind Response of a Single-Degree-of-Freedom Structure -- 5.3.2 Gust Response Factor -- 5.3.3 Peak Factor -- 5.3.4 Dynamic Response Factor -- 5.3.5 Influence Coefficient -- 5.3.6 Along-Wind Response of a Structure with Distributed Mass - Modal Analysis -- 5.3.7 Along-Wind Response of a Structure with Distributed Mass - Separation of Background and Resonant Components -- 5.3.8 Along-Wind Response to Non- Stationary (Transient) Winds -- 5.4 Effective Static Loading Distributions -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Mean Load Distributions -- 5.4.3 Background-Loading Distributions -- 5.4.4 Load Distributions for Resonant Response -- 5.4.5 Combined Load Distribution -- 5.5 Aeroelastic Forces -- 5.5.1 Aerodynamic Damping -- 5.5.2 Galloping -- 5.5.3 Flutter -- 5.5.4 Lock-In -- 5.6 Fatigue under Wind Loading -- 5.6.1 Metallic Fatigue -- 5.6.2 Narrow-Band Fatigue Loading -- 5.6.3 Wide-Band Fatigue Loading.
5.6.4 Effect of Varying Wind Speed -- 5.6.5 Accumulated Fatigue Damage, and Fatigue Life Estimation -- 5.6.6 Number of Cycles above a Defined Stress Level -- 5.7 Summary -- References -- 6 Internal Pressures -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Single Large Opening -- 6.2.1 Dimensional Analysis -- 6.2.2 Response Time -- 6.2.3 Helmholtz Resonator Model -- 6.2.4 Sudden Windward Opening with Inertial Effects -- 6.2.5 Effect of Roof Flexibility -- 6.2.6 Effect of Background Leakage -- 6.2.7 Helmholtz Resonance Frequencies -- 6.2.8 Non-Dimensional Formulation -- 6.2.9 Reduction Factors for Large Volumes and Small Opening Areas -- 6.2.10 Side-Wall Cavity Resonance -- 6.3 Multiple Windward and Leeward Openings -- 6.3.1 Mean Internal Pressures -- 6.3.2 Fluctuating Internal Pressures -- 6.4 Nominally Closed Buildings -- 6.5 Wind-Tunnel Modelling of Internal Pressures -- 6.6 Risk-Consistent Internal Pressures -- 6.7 Summary -- References -- 7 Laboratory Simulation of Strong Winds and Wind Loads -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Wind-Tunnel History and Layouts -- 7.2.1 Historical -- 7.2.2 Open-Circuit Type -- 7.2.3 Closed-Circuit Type -- 7.3 Simulation of the Natural Wind -- 7.3.1 Similarity Criteria and Natural Growth Methods -- 7.3.2 Methods for Short Test Sections -- 7.3.3 Simulation of the Surface-Boundary Layer -- 7.3.4 Simulation of Tropical Cyclones and Thunderstorm Winds -- 7.3.5 Laboratory Simulation of Tornadoes -- 7.4 Modelling of Structures for Wind Effects -- 7.4.1 General Approach for Structural Response -- 7.4.2 Modelling of Internal Pressures -- 7.4.3 Simulation Requirements for Structures in Tornadoes -- 7.4.4 Reynolds Numbers and Roughening Techniques -- 7.4.5 Modelling of Mullions on Tall Buildings -- 7.5 Measurement of Local Pressures -- 7.5.1 Single-Point Measurements -- 7.5.2 Measurement of Area-Averaged Pressures -- 7.5.3 Equivalent Time Averaging.
7.6 Modelling of Overall Loads and Response of Structures -- 7.6.1 Base-Pivoted Model Testing of Tall Buildings -- 7.6.2 The High-Frequency Base-Balance -- 7.6.3 Sectional and Taut Strip Models of Bridges -- 7.6.4 Multi-Mode Aeroelastic Modelling -- 7.6.5 Modelling of Tensioned and Pneumatic Structures -- 7.6.6 Aeroelastic Modelling of Chimneys -- 7.6.7 Distorted 'Dynamic' Models -- 7.6.8 Structural Loads Through Pressure Measurements -- 7.6.9 High-Frequency Pressure-Integration -- 7.7 Blockage Effects and Corrections -- 7.8 Modelling of Topography -- 7.9 Large-Scale and Specialist Test Facilities -- 7.10 Other Sources -- 7.11 Summary -- References -- 8 Low-Rise Buildings -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Historical -- 8.2.1 Early Wind-Tunnel Studies -- 8.2.2 Full-Scale Studies -- 8.3 General Characteristics of Wind Loads On Low-Rise Buildings -- 8.3.1 Pressure Coefficients -- 8.3.2 Dependence of Pressure Coefficients -- 8.3.3 Flow Patterns and Mean Pressure Distributions -- 8.3.4 Fluctuating Pressures -- 8.4 Buildings with Pitched Roofs -- 8.4.1 Cladding Loads -- 8.4.2 Structural Loads and Equivalent Static Load Distributions -- 8.4.3 Hipped-Roof Buildings -- 8.4.4 Effect of Surrounding Buildings - Shelter and Interference -- 8.5 Multi-Span Buildings -- 8.6 Effects of Parapets on Low-Rise Buildings -- 8.7 Effect of Building Length -- 8.8 Internal Pressures -- 8.9 A Case Study - Optimum Shaping Of A Low-Rise Building -- 8.10 Wind-Tunnel Databases -- 8.11 Other Sources -- 8.12 Summary -- References -- 9 Tall Buildings -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Historical -- 9.3 Flow around Tall Buildings -- 9.4 Cladding Pressures -- 9.4.1 Pressure Coefficients -- 9.4.2 Pressure Distributions on Buildings of Rectangular Prismatic Shape -- 9.4.3 The Nature of Fluctuating Local Pressures and Probability Distributions.
9.4.4 Statistical Methods for Determination of Peak Local Pressures.
Summary: This authoritative source for practising and academic sturctural engineers and graduate students ties the principles of wind loads on structures to meteorology, bluff-body aerodynamics, probability and statistics, and structural dynamics. It provides a broad view of codes and standards with information on global wind climates.
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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Authors -- 1 The Nature of Windstorms and Wind-Induced Damage -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Meteorological Aspects -- 1.2.1 Pressure Gradient -- 1.2.2 Coriolis Force -- 1.2.3 Geostrophic Wind -- 1.2.4 Gradient Wind -- 1.2.5 Frictional Effects -- 1.3 Types of Wind Storms -- 1.3.1 Gales from Large Depressions -- 1.3.2 Tropical Cyclones -- 1.3.3 Thunderstorms -- 1.3.4 Tornadoes -- 1.3.5 Downbursts -- 1.3.6 Downslope Winds -- 1.4 Wind Damage -- 1.5 Wind-Generated Debris -- 1.5.1 Threshold of Flight -- 1.5.2 Trajectories of Compact Objects -- 1.5.3 Trajectories of Sheet and Rod Objects -- 1.5.4 Standardized Missile Testing Criteria -- 1.6 Windstorm Damage and Loss Prediction -- 1.6.1 Hazard Models -- 1.6.2 Vulnerability Curves -- 1.6.3 Damage Produced by Flying Debris -- 1.7 Hurricane Damage Modelling -- 1.8 Predicted Effects of Climate Change -- 1.9 Summary -- 1.10 The Following Chapters and Appendices -- References -- 2 Prediction of Design Wind Speeds and Structural Safety -- 2.1 Introduction and Historical Background -- 2.2 Principles of Extreme Value Analysis -- 2.2.1 The Generalized Extreme Value Distribution -- 2.2.2 Return Period and Average Recurrence Interval -- 2.2.3 Separation by Storm Type -- 2.2.4 Simulation Methods for Tropical-Cyclone Wind Speeds -- 2.2.5 Compositing Data from Several Stations -- 2.2.6 Correction for Gust Duration -- 2.2.7 Wind Direction Effects -- 2.3 Extreme-Wind Estimation by the Type I Extreme Value Distribution -- 2.3.1 Gumbel's Method -- 2.3.2 Gringorten Method -- 2.3.3 Method of Moments -- 2.3.4 Example of Fitting the Type I Distribution to Annual Maxima -- 2.3.5 General Penultimate Distribution -- 2.4 Peaks over Threshold Approaches -- 2.5 Extreme Winds by Direction Sector -- 2.6 Bootstrapping and Confidence Limits.

2.7 Prediction of Extreme Winds from Tornados -- 2.8 Parent Wind Distributions -- 2.9 Wind Loads and Structural Safety -- 2.9.1 Limit-States Design -- 2.9.2 Probability of Failure and the Safety Index -- 2.9.3 Nominal Return Periods for Design Wind Speeds -- 2.9.4 Uncertainties in Wind Load Specifications -- 2.10 Wind Load Factors -- 2.11 Summary -- Exercises -- References -- 3 Strong Wind Characteristics and Turbulence -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mean Wind Speed Profiles -- 3.2.1 The Logarithmic Law -- 3.2.2 The Deaves and Harris Mean Wind Profile -- 3.2.3 The Power Law -- 3.2.4 Mean Wind Profiles Over Water -- 3.2.5 Relationship between Upper-Level and Surface Winds -- 3.2.6 Mean Wind Profiles in Tropical Cyclones -- 3.2.7 Wind Profiles in Thunderstorm Winds -- 3.2.8 Wind Profiles in Tornados -- 3.3 Turbulence and Gust Wind Speeds -- 3.3.1 Turbulence Intensities -- 3.3.2 Probability Density -- 3.3.3 Gust Wind Speeds and Gust Factors -- 3.3.4 Wind Spectra and Turbulence Length Scales -- 3.3.5 Correlation -- 3.3.6 Co-Spectrum and Coherence -- 3.3.7 Turbulence in a Downdraft -- 3.4 Modification of Wind Flow by Topography -- 3.4.1 General Effects of Topography -- 3.4.2 Topographic Multipliers -- 3.4.3 Shallow Hills -- 3.4.4 Steep Hills, Cliffs and Escarpments -- 3.4.5 Valleys and Gorges -- 3.4.6 Case Studies -- 3.4.7 Effects of Topography on Tropical Cyclones and Thunderstorm Winds -- 3.5 Change of Terrain -- 3.6 Weakening of a Tropical Cyclone after a Coast Crossing -- 3.7 Other Sources -- 3.8 Summary -- References -- 4 Basic Bluff-Body Aerodynamics -- 4.1 Flow around Bluff Bodies -- 4.2 Pressure and Force Coefficients -- 4.2.1 Bernoulli's Equation -- 4.2.2 Force Coefficients -- 4.2.3 Functional Dependence of Pressure and Force Coefficients -- 4.2.4 Reynolds Number -- 4.3 Flat Plates and Walls -- 4.3.1 Flat Plates and Walls Normal to the Flow.

4.3.2 Flat Plates and Walls Inclined To the Flow -- 4.4 Rectangular Prismatic Shapes -- 4.4.1 Drag on Two-Dimensional Rectangular Prismatic Shapes -- 4.4.2 Effect of Aspect Ratio -- 4.4.3 Effect of Turbulence -- 4.4.4 Drag and Pressures on a Cube and Finite-Height Prisms -- 4.4.5 Jensen Number -- 4.5 Circular Cylinders -- 4.5.1 Effects of Reynolds Number and Surface Roughness -- 4.5.2 Effect of Aspect Ratio -- 4.6 Fluctuating Forces and Pressures -- 4.6.1 Introduction -- 4.6.2 The Quasi-Steady Assumption -- 4.6.3 Body-Induced Pressure Fluctuations and Vortex Shedding Forces -- 4.6.4 Universal Wake Strouhal Number -- 4.6.5 Fluctuating Pressure and Force Coefficients -- 4.6.6 Correlation Length -- 4.6.7 Total Fluctuating Forces on a Slender Body -- 4.7 Summary -- References -- 5 Resonant Dynamic Response And Effective Static Load Distributions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Principles of Dynamic Response -- 5.3 The Random Vibration or Spectral Approach -- 5.3.1 Along-Wind Response of a Single-Degree-of-Freedom Structure -- 5.3.2 Gust Response Factor -- 5.3.3 Peak Factor -- 5.3.4 Dynamic Response Factor -- 5.3.5 Influence Coefficient -- 5.3.6 Along-Wind Response of a Structure with Distributed Mass - Modal Analysis -- 5.3.7 Along-Wind Response of a Structure with Distributed Mass - Separation of Background and Resonant Components -- 5.3.8 Along-Wind Response to Non- Stationary (Transient) Winds -- 5.4 Effective Static Loading Distributions -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Mean Load Distributions -- 5.4.3 Background-Loading Distributions -- 5.4.4 Load Distributions for Resonant Response -- 5.4.5 Combined Load Distribution -- 5.5 Aeroelastic Forces -- 5.5.1 Aerodynamic Damping -- 5.5.2 Galloping -- 5.5.3 Flutter -- 5.5.4 Lock-In -- 5.6 Fatigue under Wind Loading -- 5.6.1 Metallic Fatigue -- 5.6.2 Narrow-Band Fatigue Loading -- 5.6.3 Wide-Band Fatigue Loading.

5.6.4 Effect of Varying Wind Speed -- 5.6.5 Accumulated Fatigue Damage, and Fatigue Life Estimation -- 5.6.6 Number of Cycles above a Defined Stress Level -- 5.7 Summary -- References -- 6 Internal Pressures -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Single Large Opening -- 6.2.1 Dimensional Analysis -- 6.2.2 Response Time -- 6.2.3 Helmholtz Resonator Model -- 6.2.4 Sudden Windward Opening with Inertial Effects -- 6.2.5 Effect of Roof Flexibility -- 6.2.6 Effect of Background Leakage -- 6.2.7 Helmholtz Resonance Frequencies -- 6.2.8 Non-Dimensional Formulation -- 6.2.9 Reduction Factors for Large Volumes and Small Opening Areas -- 6.2.10 Side-Wall Cavity Resonance -- 6.3 Multiple Windward and Leeward Openings -- 6.3.1 Mean Internal Pressures -- 6.3.2 Fluctuating Internal Pressures -- 6.4 Nominally Closed Buildings -- 6.5 Wind-Tunnel Modelling of Internal Pressures -- 6.6 Risk-Consistent Internal Pressures -- 6.7 Summary -- References -- 7 Laboratory Simulation of Strong Winds and Wind Loads -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Wind-Tunnel History and Layouts -- 7.2.1 Historical -- 7.2.2 Open-Circuit Type -- 7.2.3 Closed-Circuit Type -- 7.3 Simulation of the Natural Wind -- 7.3.1 Similarity Criteria and Natural Growth Methods -- 7.3.2 Methods for Short Test Sections -- 7.3.3 Simulation of the Surface-Boundary Layer -- 7.3.4 Simulation of Tropical Cyclones and Thunderstorm Winds -- 7.3.5 Laboratory Simulation of Tornadoes -- 7.4 Modelling of Structures for Wind Effects -- 7.4.1 General Approach for Structural Response -- 7.4.2 Modelling of Internal Pressures -- 7.4.3 Simulation Requirements for Structures in Tornadoes -- 7.4.4 Reynolds Numbers and Roughening Techniques -- 7.4.5 Modelling of Mullions on Tall Buildings -- 7.5 Measurement of Local Pressures -- 7.5.1 Single-Point Measurements -- 7.5.2 Measurement of Area-Averaged Pressures -- 7.5.3 Equivalent Time Averaging.

7.6 Modelling of Overall Loads and Response of Structures -- 7.6.1 Base-Pivoted Model Testing of Tall Buildings -- 7.6.2 The High-Frequency Base-Balance -- 7.6.3 Sectional and Taut Strip Models of Bridges -- 7.6.4 Multi-Mode Aeroelastic Modelling -- 7.6.5 Modelling of Tensioned and Pneumatic Structures -- 7.6.6 Aeroelastic Modelling of Chimneys -- 7.6.7 Distorted 'Dynamic' Models -- 7.6.8 Structural Loads Through Pressure Measurements -- 7.6.9 High-Frequency Pressure-Integration -- 7.7 Blockage Effects and Corrections -- 7.8 Modelling of Topography -- 7.9 Large-Scale and Specialist Test Facilities -- 7.10 Other Sources -- 7.11 Summary -- References -- 8 Low-Rise Buildings -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Historical -- 8.2.1 Early Wind-Tunnel Studies -- 8.2.2 Full-Scale Studies -- 8.3 General Characteristics of Wind Loads On Low-Rise Buildings -- 8.3.1 Pressure Coefficients -- 8.3.2 Dependence of Pressure Coefficients -- 8.3.3 Flow Patterns and Mean Pressure Distributions -- 8.3.4 Fluctuating Pressures -- 8.4 Buildings with Pitched Roofs -- 8.4.1 Cladding Loads -- 8.4.2 Structural Loads and Equivalent Static Load Distributions -- 8.4.3 Hipped-Roof Buildings -- 8.4.4 Effect of Surrounding Buildings - Shelter and Interference -- 8.5 Multi-Span Buildings -- 8.6 Effects of Parapets on Low-Rise Buildings -- 8.7 Effect of Building Length -- 8.8 Internal Pressures -- 8.9 A Case Study - Optimum Shaping Of A Low-Rise Building -- 8.10 Wind-Tunnel Databases -- 8.11 Other Sources -- 8.12 Summary -- References -- 9 Tall Buildings -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Historical -- 9.3 Flow around Tall Buildings -- 9.4 Cladding Pressures -- 9.4.1 Pressure Coefficients -- 9.4.2 Pressure Distributions on Buildings of Rectangular Prismatic Shape -- 9.4.3 The Nature of Fluctuating Local Pressures and Probability Distributions.

9.4.4 Statistical Methods for Determination of Peak Local Pressures.

This authoritative source for practising and academic sturctural engineers and graduate students ties the principles of wind loads on structures to meteorology, bluff-body aerodynamics, probability and statistics, and structural dynamics. It provides a broad view of codes and standards with information on global wind climates.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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