Financing Water Supply, Sanitation and Flood Protection : Challenges in EU Member States and Policy Options.

Cover -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Table of contents -- Executive summary -- Background and objective -- Method and data -- Projections of investment needs to comply with the DWD and the UWWTD -- Financing capacities for water supply and wastewater collection and treatment -- Financing future flood protection -- Policy options member states may wish to consider -- A role for the European Commission -- Background and process -- Notes -- 1. Framing the challenge -- 1.1. The benefits of investing in water -- 1.2. Ambition and scope of the project -- 1.3. Drivers of investment needs -- 1.1.1. Drivers selected for projections related to water supply and sanitation -- Demographics and urban population growth -- Compliance with the Drinking Water and Urban Wastewater Treatment Directives -- The efficiency of water supply services -- Compliance with the Water Framework Directive -- 1.1.2. Drivers selected to project expenditures for flood protection -- Projecting expenditure needs to protect against riverine floods -- Projecting expenditure needs to protect against coastal floods -- 1.4. Emerging challenges -- 1.1.3. Climate change -- 1.1.4. Contaminants of emerging concern -- Pharmaceutical residues in the environment are an emerging concern -- Advances in analytical methods and risk assessment provide opportunities to build a policy-relevant knowledge base -- Potential costs of addressing CECs and freshwater. Lessons from Switzerland -- From monitoring to taking action: OECD policy recommendations -- The case of Extended Producers' Responsibility -- References -- Notes -- 2. The state of play -- 2.1. Water supply and sanitation -- 2.1.1. Compliance and performance -- 2.1.2. Expenditure levels -- 2.1.3. Sources of finance -- 2.1.4. Affordability -- 2.2. Flood protection -- 2.2.1. Expenditure levels -- 2.2.2. Sources of financing -- References.

Notes -- 3. Projected investment needs across member states -- 3.1. Water supply and sanitation -- 3.1.1. Business as usual scenario -- 3.1.2. Alternative scenario - water supply -- 3.1.3. Alternative scenario - sanitation -- 3.1.4. Summing up -- 3.2. Flood protection -- 3.2.1. Projecting additional expenditures for protection against riverine flood risk -- Countries affected by the highest total growth factors -- Countries affected by moderate growth factors -- Countries benefitting from lower exposure of population -- Countries benefitting from low or negative growth factors -- 3.2.2. Projecting additional expenditures for protection against coastal flood risk -- 3.3. Investment needs under the Water Framework Directive -- 3.3.1. EU Member States often fail to meet the water quality objectives of the WFD -- 3.3.2. What prevents EU member states from achieving good water quality status -- 3.3.3. Options for investment to improve water quality -- References -- Notes -- 4. The capacity to finance projected investment needs across member states -- 4.1. Financing capacity -- 4.1.1. Raising tariffs for WSS services -- 4.1.2. Increasing public spending -- 4.1.3. Tapping into private finance -- 4.2. Preliminary conclusions -- References -- 5. Selected options to address financing challenges -- 5.1. Options to make the best use of existing assets and financial resources -- 5.1.1. Enhance the operational efficiency of water and sanitation service providers -- 5.1.2. Encourage connections, where central assets are available -- 5.1.3. Develop plans that drive decisions -- 5.1.4. Support plans with realistic financing strategies -- 5.1.5. Strengthen capacity to use funds effectively and financial disbursement at national level -- 5.1.6. Build capacities for economic regulation -- International good practices for water regulation.

5.2. Options to minimise future financing needs -- 5.2.1. Manage water demand -- 5.2.2. Strengthen water resources allocation regimes -- 5.2.3. Encourage policy coherence, across water policies and other policy domains -- Nature-based solutions in urban environments -- Nature-based solutions for flood protection -- 5.2.4. Exploit innovation in line with adaptive capacities -- Innovation and compliance with the EU acquis on water -- Innovation in urban water management: the case of distributed systems for water supply -- 5.2.5. Ensure tariffs for water services reflect the costs of service provision -- 5.2.6. Consider new sources of finance -- 5.2.7. Leverage public funds (incl. EU) to crowd in domestic commercial finance -- Tapping the potential of blended finance for water-related investments -- 5.3. Financing as part of flood risk mitigation strategies -- 5.3.1. Investments in lowering flood risk in Europe -- Grants -- Economic Instruments -- Other instruments -- 5.3.2. Provision of financial protection - Risk Financing Instruments in Europe -- 5.3.3. Innovative financing mechanisms from outside the EU -- References -- Notes -- Annex A. Costs of addressing emerging challenges in wastewater collection and treatment -- Annex B. Data and method -- Annex C. Data supporting the results on projected coastal flood risk investment needs -- Annex D. Projections by EurEau on costs of compliance with DWD and UWWTD -- Annex E. Assessment of RBIs and RFIs to finance flood protection.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.