Maryport : a Roman Fort and Its Community.

Cover -- Dedication -- Contents Page -- List of Figures -- An aerial view of the fort at Maryport looking south-east -- the museum lies to the bottom right on the top of the cliff. Photograph Nick May -- Preface -- Ancient and Modern -- Figure 1. The coat of arms of Humphrey Senhouse I dating to 1726. The arms of the Senhouse family are a parrot (this was actually a wooden popinjay painted like a parrot and used for target practice by archers) and they are quartered with those of the Eag -- Figure 2. William Camden, author of Britannia -- Figure 3. The altar drawn by Sir Robert Cotton in 1599, now in the British Museum. This is the woodcut prepared for publication in J. C. Bruce, Lapidarium Septentrionale, 874 -- see Figure 33 -- Figure 4. Camden noted this inscription at Netherhall in 1599 and published this drawing in his Britannia (RIB 844) -- see Figure 76 -- Figure 5. The Senhouse family, its excavations and visitors to Netherhall -- Figure 6. The drawing of the north gate published in Archaeologia 10 (1792) opposite p. 140 -- Figure 7. The section cut through Pudding Pie Hill, drawn by Shirley Waldock, the upper drawing showing the interior construction (after Head 1763), with the lower the projected outline extrapolated from Head's measurements -- Figure 8. Netherhall in the 19th century -- the long portico is presumably where most of the collection was displayed. Reproduced by kind permission of Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums -- Figure 9. Some of the altars and sculpture displayed in the portico -- Figure 10. Netherhall and the River Ellen in the 19th century. Reproduced by kind permission of Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums -- Figure 11. The Naval Reserve Training Battery, now the museum, with a replica Roman tower to the right -- Figure 12. A corner in the museum where some of the altars are displayed.

The Roman army at Maryport -- Figure 13. A view of Maryport from the south in the second half of the 19th century. This shows well the whaleback ridge on which the fort sits, the Solway Estuary beyond and Criffel to the left. Reproduced by kind permission of Tyne and Wear Archives and -- Figure 14. The signpost marks the distance to Rome as well as to Ravenglass and Bowness-on-Solway -- in the background is Criffel. Photograph the author -- Figure 15. A view of the hill on which sits the Roman fort with the river running at its foot by Joseph Farington, probably painted in the late 18th century -- the colour would have been added to this engraving in the late 19th century -- Figure 16. An aerial view of the fort at Maryport looking south-east. Photograph Nick May -- Figure 17. These fragments of the north gate are the only visible stones on the site at Maryport today. Photograph the author -- Figure 18. This sculptural depiction of a gate was found at Maryport and is presumably of a gate at the fort. The woodcut is reproduced from J. C. Bruce, Lapidarium Septentrionale, 901 -- see Figure 72 -- Figure 19. F. A. Child's drawing of the west gate at Housesteads is similar to that on the sculpture at Maryport (Archaeologia Aeliana 4 series, 40 (1942) 151) -- Figure 20. A drawing of part of the commanding officer's bath-house published in Archaeologia 10 (1792) opposite p. 140 -- Figure 21. A putative lay-out for the fort by Alan Biggins and David Taylor based on their geophysical survey -- see Figure 48 -- Figure 22. A building inscription of the Emperor Hadrian found at the fort at Moresby (RIB 801) -- the fragmentary building stone found at Maryport was probably similar.

Figure 23. The digger is cleaning what is believed to be the intervallum street of an early fort. To the right of the bucket is a post-Roman field drain and to the right of that the stone foundations of a long Roman building. Photograph Jane Laskey -- Figure 24. The ditch of the Roman camp below the temple looking south, excavated by Ian Haynes and Tony Wilmott -- Figure 25. A building inscription recording work at Maryport by the Second and Twentieth Legions (RIB 852) -- Figure 26. A simple record of the Twentieth Legion working at the fort (RIB 853) -- Figure 27. The boar, emblem of the Twentieth Legion, and the possible name of the Emperor Gordian III, reproduced as a woodcut in J. C. Bruce, Lapidarium Septentrionale, 892 -- Figure 28. An altar of L. Cammius Maximus recording the fact that the First Cohort of Spaniards had a cavalry component indicated by EQ in the bottom line (RIB 828) -- Figure 29. Peter Connolly's painting of a cavalryman, left, and infantryman. Reproduced by kind permission of the Römisch-Germanischen Zentral-museum, Mainz -- Figure 30. An altar dedicated by M. Maenius Agrippa -- this was presumably the first of the annual altars that he dedicated to Jupiter as he named the unit as well as himself (RIB 823) -- Figure 31. An altar dedicated by C. Caballius Priscus (RIB 817) -- Figure 32. The altar to Jupiter dedicated by Helstrius Novellus (RIB 822) -- Figure 33. The altar dedicated by C. Cornelius Peregrinus (RIB 812). The stone was found in the north-west corner of the fort before 1599. It is decorated with a human bust and animal heads and the inscription is flanked by fluted columns see Figure 3.

Figure 34. This unusual stone was dedicated by P. Postumius Acilianus, prefect of the First Cohort of Delmatians (RIB 833). The rosette is repeated on the sides and the back of the stone, which appears to have been designed to carry a statue. -- Figure 35. An altar dedicated by T. Attius Tutor (RIB 838) -- Figure 36. A map of the Roman empire showing the provinces which were the homes to the commanders at Maryport and where they went on to serve. Copyright the author -- Figure 37. L. Antistius Lupus Verianus states that his city of origin was Sicca in North Africa (RIB 816) -- Figure 38. The altar dedicated to Jupiter by L. Cammius Maximus is unfortunately damaged, but it does record his promotion to the Eighteenth Cohort of Volunteers (RIB 827) -- Figure 39. This altar erected by M. Censorius Cornelianus records both his transfer to the Tenth Legion Fretensis based in Judaea and that his home was Nemausus, modern Nîmes (RIB 814) -- Figure 40. The tombstone of Julius Marinus, recording his rank, ordinarius (centurion), at the end of the 2nd line and age 40 (RIB 858) -- Figure 41. The tombstone of a man from Galatia, which can be read in the 3rd line (RIB 864) -- Figure 42. A dedication in Greek to Asclepius by A. Egnatius Pastor, presumably the regimental doctor (RIB 808) -- Figure 43. This tile bears the inscription, COH I HISPA|INDVTIVSFEC, The First Cohort of Spaniards, Indutius made this (RIB 2474) -- The extra-mural community -- Figure 44. The tombstone of Julia Martina (RIB 866), reproduced as a woodcut in J. C. Bruce, Lapidarium Septentrionale, 879 -- Figure 45. A female figure wearing an ungirt Gallic tunic and cloak around the shoulders, the typical dress of women in the north-western Roman provinces from the late 1st to the late 3rd centuries.

Figure 46. A female figure wearing a foot-length girt Roman tunic and palla draped over her left shoulder and upper arm, and the woodcut of the same tombstone published in J. C. Bruce, Lapidarium Septentrionale, 890 -- Figure 47. A fragment of a glass bangle found at Maryport. The fragment measures 23mm by 8mm and is reproduced here at twice the actual size. -- Figure 48. The geophysical survey undertaken by Alan Biggins and David Taylor -- Figure 49. Joseph Robinson's plan of his discoveries. The modern field pattern was established in the 19th century -- Figure 50. The house excavated by Joseph Robinson -- Figure 51. The house excavated by Oxford Archaeology North looking north-west. Copyright Oxford Archaeology -- Figure 52. Chain mail dating to the 2nd or 3rd century found during the Oxford Archaeology North excavation -- Religion at Maryport -- Figure 53. J. Collingwood Bruce at the entrance to the keep of Newcastle castle with a sculpture of Victory found at Housesteads -- Bruce travelled to Maryport to record the altars. Copyright Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne and the Great North -- Figure 54. J. C. Bruce's plan of the altar pits -- the excavations of Ian Haynes and Tony Wilmott demonstrated that this is not accurate -- Figure 55. The altar pits as revealed by the excavations of Ian Haynes and Tony Wilmott -- Figure 56. This altar by C. Caballius Priscus records the name of the regiment he commanded (RIB 817) -- Figure 57. This altar, also dedicated by C. Caballius Priscus, states only his name with the name of his regiment understood (RIB 818) -- Figure 58. A sacrificial scene on the Bridgeness distance slab on the Antonine Wall showing an ox, sheep and pig waiting to be sacrificed, drawn by Margaret Scott -- Figure 59. On this occasion, Maenius Agrippa dedicated his altar to Jupiter and the Deity of the Emperor (RIB 824).

Figure 60. The altars found in the shrine at Osterburken on display in the museum in the arrangement that they were found. Photograph the author.

The collection of Roman inscribed stones and sculpture, together with other Roman objects found at Maryport in Cumbria, is the oldest archaeological collection in Britain still in private hands. David Breeze places the collection in context and describes the history of research at the site.

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