Information Warfare in the Age of Cyber Conflict.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Acronyms -- 1. Introduction -- Defining information warfare in the age of cyber conflict -- Information warfare's increasing pervasiveness and importance -- Plan of the book -- Notes -- Reference -- PART I: The nature, history and correlates of information warfare in the age of cyber conflict -- 2. The convergence of information warfare -- Computer subversion as information warfare -- IW in the niche of cyber war -- Implications of variance, non-lethality, ambiguity, and persistence -- Co-mingling IW elements -- The future of US information warfare -- Notes -- 3. A brief history of fake: Surveying Russian disinformation from the Russian Empire through the Cold War and to the present -- The Okhrana and the birth of modern active measures -- Early post-revolutionary disinformation and propaganda -- The post-war period and rise of modern active measures -- Building fake: ‡infektions and body parts -- Offensive information: defensive counter-information -- Notes -- 4. The ideological battlefield: China's approach to political warfare and propaganda in an age of cyber conflict -- The existential challenge and emerging opportunities -- Political warfare in current and historical perspective -- Information Operations in Chinese Military Strategy -- The "three warfares" in action -- Potential emerging techniques and capabilities -- Notes -- 5. Cyber conflict at the intersection of information operations: Cyber-enabled information operations, 2000&amp -- #x02013 -- 2016 -- Defining cyber-enabled information operations -- Information warfare -- The evolving understanding of cyber operations -- Cyber-enabled information operations -- Research design -- Findings and analysis -- Russia versus the World Anti-Doping Agency.

Narrative -- Assessment -- The India&amp -- #x02013 -- Pakistan rivalry -- Narrative -- Assessment -- Case study summaries -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Part II: (Cyber-enabled) Information at war -- 6. Bear market? Grizzly steppe and the American marketplace of ideas -- The marketplace of ideas is really a marketplace of values -- Except that it ain't so: the marketplace of values -- What happened in 2016 -- The market is large and competition is fierce -- The importance of elite cues and the limits of credibility laundering -- Polarization blunts the impact of political messages -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- 7. Commanding the trend: Social media as information warfare -- Introduction -- Commanding the trend in social media -- Trending social media -- Propaganda primer -- Social networks and social media -- Hijacking social media: the case of IS -- IS commanding the trend -- Russia: masters of manipulation -- #PrayforMizzou -- Influencing the 2016 Presidential Election -- The future of weaponized social media -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 8. Cyber by a different logic: Using an information warfare kill chain to understand cyber-enabled influence operations -- The rise of cyber-enabled information warfare -- The need to threat model information operations -- Defining interference in the digital age -- Threat modeling the attack surface of democracies: current scope and shortcomings -- An information warfare kill chain: assumptions and tactical realities -- Underlying assumptions -- Operationalizing distortion -- The information warfare kill chain -- Cyber operations and information operations in the 2010s -- Implications for defense and deterrence -- Notes -- 9. Cyber-enabled information warfare and influence operations: A revolution in technique? -- Human cognition: hot and cold approaches -- Hot cognition -- Cold cognition.

Interaction of hot and cold cognition -- Cascading structures of cyberspace: from technology to information -- Information warfare/influence operation typologies -- Cognitive effects of information warfare/influence operations -- High connectivity and low cost -- Low information latency and multiple distribution points -- Disintermediation of information -- Containing the effects of information warfare/influence operations -- Disrupting information encoding -- Exploiting affective states -- Moving forward -- Notes -- References -- Part III: Building resilience: Questions of legality, diplomacy and society -- 10. Might or byte(s): On the safeguarding of democracy in the digital age -- Introduction -- The civil&amp -- #x02013 -- military problematique -- Altering the civil&amp -- #x02013 -- military problematique in the digital age -- Bringing in private actors: a digital age problematique and theory of civil&amp -- #x02013 -- military relations -- Empirics -- Theories of military effectiveness in democracies -- Explaining civil&amp -- #x02013 -- military&amp -- #x02013 -- society relations in the digital age with "civ&amp -- #x02013 -- mil" theory -- Constructing civil&amp -- #x02013 -- military research agendas for cyber conflict and information warfare -- Determining patterns of civil&amp -- #x02013 -- military&amp -- #x02013 -- society engagement -- Driving research questions -- Back to the future: remembering the role of information in civil&amp -- #x02013 -- military regimes -- Notes -- References -- 11. On the organization of the U.S. government for responding to adversarial information warfare and influence operations -- On the importance of information warfare and influence operations -- Cyber war, information warfare, and influence operations -- Future cyber-enabled capabilities for IW/IO -- Faked documents.

Name-matched use of personal information obtained from multiple sources -- Exploitation of emotional state -- AI-driven chatbots indistinguishable from human beings -- Realistic video and audio forgeries -- Organizing the U.S. government to deal with information warfare and influence operations -- On the First Amendment: some constitutional constraints on government action -- U.S. government departments and agencies with some possible role in addressing adversary information warfare and influence operations -- The bad fit of U.S. government authorities for addressing adversary information warfare and influence operations -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 12. Virtual disenfranchisement: Cyber election meddling in the grey zones of international law -- Introduction -- The context -- Breach of legal obligation -- Violation of sovereignty -- Intervention -- Due diligence -- Other breaches of international law -- Attribution -- Responses -- Reflections on the grey area -- Notes -- 13. Stigmatizing cyber and information warfare: Mission impossible? -- Introduction -- The cyber threat -- Understanding norms -- Constitutive and regulative norms -- Norm evolution: the norm life cycle -- Norm evolution theory for emerging technology weapons -- The case for norm evolution theory for emerging-technology weapons -- Stigma and its impact on norm evolution -- Stigma: the manifestation of a global prohibition -- How WMD became, and remain stigmatized: an overview of the process. -- Stigmatizing cyber warfare -- Conclusions and recommendations -- Notes -- PART IV: The fluid shape of modern information warfare -- 14. How deep the rabbit hole goes: Escalation, deterrence and the "deeper" challenges of information warfare in the age of the Internet -- How cyber-enabled information warfare might lead to conflict escalation -- Deterring cyber-enabled information warfare.

Deterrence challenges in the digital age -- Differentiating deterrence of cyber conflict and information warfare -- Encouraging a stability&amp -- #x02013 -- instability paradox for information warfare -- Curiouser and curiouser: looking forward to AI-enabled information warfare -- Notes -- Index.

This book examines the shape, sources and dangers of information warfare (IW) as it pertains to military, diplomatic and civilian stakeholders.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.