Environmental Nanotechnology for Water Purification.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Environmental Toxicity of Nanoparticles -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Wastewater Bodies -- 1.1.2 The Effect of Nanoparticles Toxicity on Human Health -- 1.1.2.1 Entry of Nanoparticles into Environment -- 1.1.2.2 Exposure of Nanomaterials -- 1.1.2.3 Consumption of Nanoparticles Through Inhalation and Injection -- 1.1.2.4 Penetration of NPs Through Skin -- 1.1.3 In Vitro Toxicity of Nanoparticles -- 1.1.4 Methods for Assessment of Nanoparticles Toxicity -- 1.1.4.1 Proliferation Assays -- 1.1.4.2 Necrosis Assay -- 1.1.4.3 Apoptosis Assay -- 1.1.4.4 Oxidative Stress Assay -- 1.2 Critical Evaluation of Challenges and Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 2 Conventional and Advanced Technologies for Wastewater Treatment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Water Filtration by Various Technologies -- 2.3 Conventional Technologies -- 2.3.1 Sedimentation -- 2.3.2 Flocculation -- 2.3.3 Adsorption -- 2.3.4 Filtration -- 2.3.5 Coagulation -- 2.4 Advanced Technologies -- 2.4.1 Water Filtration Using Nanofibrous Membrane -- 2.4.1.1 Removal of Heavy Metal from the Wastewater -- 2.4.1.2 Removal of Microorganisms from Water -- 2.4.1.3 Removal of Dye from Water -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Nanocarbons-Mediated Water Purification: An Application Towards Wastewater Treatment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Importance of Various Nanocarbons in Water Purification -- 3.3 Various Methods of Nanocarbon-Mediated Purifications of Water -- 3.3.1 Nanocarbon Adsorption (Carbon-Based Nanoadsorbents) -- 3.3.2 Graphene Sieves and CNTs' Membranes Membrane Process -- 3.3.2.1 CNT's Membranes and Membrane Process -- 3.3.3 Carbon Nanofiber Membranes -- 3.3.4 Nanocarbon Composite Membranes -- 3.3.5 Antimicrobial Actions of Various Nanocarbons.

3.4 Regeneration or Recycling of Nanocarbons -- 3.5 Safety, Toxicity, and Environmental Impact of Broad Spectrum of Nanocarbons -- 3.6 Limitations and Research Needs -- 3.6.1 Limitations -- 3.6.2 Research Needs -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation Applications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Graphene-Based Composites as Photocatalysts -- 4.2.1 Graphene/ZnO as Photocatalyst -- 4.2.2 Graphene/TiO2 as Photocatalyst -- 4.3 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Synthesis of Stable and Monodispersed Cobalt Nanoparticles and Their Application as Light-Driven Photocatalytic Agents for Dye -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Materials and Methodology -- 5.2.1 Materials -- 5.2.2 Synthesis of Co Metal NPs -- 5.2.3 Photocatalytic Process -- 5.2.3.1 Photocatalytic Experiment -- 5.2.4 Characterizations -- 5.3 Results and Discussion -- 5.3.1 Physiochemical Characterization of Co Metal NPs -- 5.3.1.1 Ultraviolet Visible Spectrometer (UV-Vis) -- 5.3.1.2 Effect of Reaction Parameters on the Optical Properties of Co NPs -- 5.3.1.3 Effect of Concentration of Salt on the Optical Properties of Co NPs -- 5.3.1.4 Effect of pH of Reaction Medium on the Optical Properties of Co NPs -- 5.3.1.5 Effect of Reaction Temperature on the Optical Properties of Co NPs -- 5.3.1.6 Effect of Reaction Heating Time on the Optical Properties of Co NPs -- 5.3.2 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis -- 5.3.2.1 X-Ray Analysis of Co Metal NPs -- 5.3.3 FTIR Analysis -- 5.3.3.1 FTIR Interferogram for Co Metal NPs -- 5.3.4 Photocatalytic Properties -- 5.3.4.1 Photocatalysis of Methylene Blue With Co Metal NPs -- 5.3.4.2 Comparison of Activity of Methylene Blue -- 5.3.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy -- 5.3.5.1 SEM Analysis for Co Metal NPs -- 5.3.6 Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles and Their Applications -- 5.4 Conclusion.

References -- Chapter 6 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Water Decontamination and Purification -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Threats to Drinking Water -- 6.2.1 Suspended Solids in Water -- 6.2.2 Waterborne Pathogens -- 6.2.3 Chemical Pollutants in Drinking Water -- 6.3 Losses Due to Impure Water -- 6.4 Role of Nanomaterials in Water Purification With Special Reference to Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles -- 6.4.1 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Water Purification -- 6.4.2 The Use of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle for Water Purification -- 6.4.3 Silver Nanoparticles and Their Possible Role in Water Purification -- 6.4.4 Iron Nanoparticles -- 6.4.5 Nanocomposites With Improved Antimicrobial Activities -- 6.5 Types of Nanomaterials -- 6.5.1 Nanofilters -- 6.5.2 Nanoadsorbents -- 6.5.3 Nanofiber-Based Membranes -- 6.6 Commercially Available Products for Water Purification -- 6.7 Challenges -- 6.7.1 Health or Toxicity Concerns -- 6.7.2 Economic Viability -- 6.7.3 Operational Concerns -- 6.7.4 Legal Constraints and Regulations -- 6.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7 Recent Advances in Metal Oxide/ Sulphide-Based Heterostructure Photocatalysts for Water Splitting and Environmental Remediation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Synthesis of Heterostructures -- 7.2.1 Hydrothermal Method -- 7.2.2 Co-Precipitation Method -- 7.2.3 Sol-Gel Method -- 7.2.4 Dip-Coating -- 7.2.5 Chemical-Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method -- 7.3 Nanostructured Heterostructures for Water Splitting and Organic Pollutant Degradation -- 7.3.1 Metal Oxide/Metal Oxide Heterostructures for Water Splitting -- 7.3.2 Metal Oxide/Metal Sulphide Heterostructures for Water Splitting -- 7.3.3 Photocatalytic Removal of Organic Pollutants by Metal Oxide/Sulphide-Based Heterostructures -- 7.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References.

Chapter 8 Electrospun Nanofibers for Water Purification -- 8.1 Introduction to Electrospinning and Nanofibers -- 8.2 Nanofibers for Wastewater Treatment -- 8.2.1 Nanofibers as Pressure-Driven Membrane -- 8.2.1.1 Nanofibers as Microfiltration Membrane for Wastewater Treatment -- 8.2.1.2 Nanofibers as Ultrafiltration Membrane for Wastewater Treatment -- 8.2.1.3 Nanofibers as Nanofiltration Membrane for Wastewater Treatment -- 8.2.1.4 Nanofibers as Membrane/Mid-Layer for Reverse Osmosis -- 8.2.2 Nanofibers as Membranes for Membrane Distillation -- 8.2.3 Nanofibers as Membrane Support Layer for Forward Osmosis -- 8.2.4 Nanofibers as Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization -- 8.2.5 Nanofibers as Porous Floating Membrane for Solar Steam Generation -- 8.2.6 Nanofibers as Membrane or Adsorbent for Oil-Water Separation -- 8.2.7 Nanofibers as Adsorbent for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions From Water/Wastewater -- 8.2.8 Nanofibers as Photocatalytic Membrane for Water Treatment -- 8.2.9 Nanofibers as Membrane or Adsorbent for Dye Wastewater Treatment -- 8.3 Effects of Different Parameters on Resultant Nanofibrous Membranes -- 8.3.1 Tunable Structural Characteristic of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Purification of Wastewater -- 8.4 Materials Selection for Nanofibrous Membranes in Water Purification -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 ZnO Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation Under Visible Light Irradiation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Photocatalysis -- 9.3 Enhancement of Photocatalytic Performance of Dare ZnO -- 9.4 Doping with Transition Metals -- 9.4.1 Doping with Rare Earth (RE) Metals -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Nanocatalysts in Wet Air Oxidation -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Catalyst Selection Criterion -- 10.3 Nanocatalysts in CWAO -- 10.3.1 Mesoporous Materials -- 10.3.2 Carbon Nanomaterials -- 10.3.3 Nanoparticles.

10.4 Synthesis of Nanocatalysts -- 10.4.1 Bare-Nanocatalysts -- 10.4.2 Supported Nanocatalysts -- 10.5 Ceria-Based Nanocatalysts for CWAO -- 10.5.1 Synthesis and Characterization -- 10.5.1.1 Synthesis -- 10.5.1.2 Characterization -- 10.5.2 CWAO of Industrial Wastewater -- 10.5.2.1 Chlorophenolics Removal -- 10.5.2.2 Reusability and Leaching Studies -- 10.5.2.3 Kinetic Study -- 10.6 Comparative Study of Different Ceria-Based Nanocatalysts -- 10.6.1 Structural and Textural Properties -- 10.6.2 Treatment Efficiency -- 10.7 Role of Ceria-Based Nanocatalyst in CWAO -- 10.8 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.