Understanding Obesity : from Its Causes to Impact on Life.

COVER -- TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- End User License Agreement -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- A Life Course Approach to Obesity and Cardio-vascular Disease -- Joana Araújo1,2 and Elisabete Ramos1,2,* -- INTRODUCTION -- LIFE COURSE THEORETICAL MODELS -- OBESITY DEVELOPMENT: CRITICAL AND SENSITIVE PERIODS -- Prenatal Period and Infancy -- Childhood -- Adolescence -- LIFE-TIME OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -- Measuring Life-time Obesity -- Direct or Mediated Effects of Early Obesity -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Social and Health Behavior Determinants of Obesity -- Andreia Oliveira1,2,*, Catarina Durão1,3 and Carla Lopes1,2 -- INTRODUCTION -- Conceptual Frameworks for Defining Obesity Determinants -- SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF OBESITY -- The family's Social Environment -- Parenting Styles and Parenting Child-feeding Practices -- Parental Diet and Parental Characteristics -- Other Psychosocial Characteristics within the Family Context -- EARLY-LIFE DETERMINANTS OF DIETARY HABITS AND ADIPOSITY -- DIETARY INFLUENCES OF OBESITY -- Foods -- Nutrients -- Dietary Patterns -- PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND OBESITY -- ALCOHOL AND SMOKING EFFECTS ON OBESITY -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Obesity and Adipose Tissue Remodeling -- Adriana R. Rodrigues1,2,3,#, Maria J. Salazar1,2,3,# and Alexandra M. Gouveia1,2,3,4,* -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE -- Adipose Tissue Distribution in Humans and Rodents -- Adipose Tissue Composition and Plasticity -- Adipocytes -- Other Important Constituents of Adipose Tissue -- Adipose Tissue as a Secretion Organ -- OBESITY-MEDIATED ADIPOSE TISSUE REMODELING -- Adipocyte Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy.

Macrophage Infiltration in Adipose Tissue and Inflammatory Profile -- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis -- Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Fibrosis -- Transdifferentiation of Adipocytes in Obesity -- Adipose Tissue Remodeling as a Therapeutic Perspective to Obesity -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Adipokines as Emerging Biomarkers of Adipocyte Dysfunction -- Marco Assunção1,2, João T. Guimarães1,3,4, Margarida Faria1 and Rosário Monteiro3,5,6,* -- INTRODUCTION -- ADIPOSE TISSUE AND ADIPOKINES -- Proinflammatory Adipokines -- Anti-inflammatory Adipokines -- The Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio -- ARE ADIPOKINES IDEAL BIOMARKERS? -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Metabolic Inflammation at the Crossroads of Obesity Phenotypes -- Inês Brandão1,2, Célia Candeias3 and Rosário Monteiro1,2,3,* -- INTRODUCTION -- THE HETEROGENEITY OF OBESITY -- The Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-weight Phenotype -- The Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype -- The Metabolically Unhealthy Obese Phenotype -- METABOLIC INFLAMMATION -- ADIPOSE TISSUE INFLAMMATION AND PATHOGENESIS OF OBESITY -- Adipose Tissue Cellularity, Remodelling and Inflammation -- Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Cells -- Patterns of Adipose Tissue Distribution -- Circulating Free Fatty Acids -- Sex Hormones -- Persistent Organic Pollutants -- Gut Microbiota and the Inflammasome -- TARGETING INFLAMMATION -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Environmental Chemical Obesogens -- Diana Teixeira1,2,3,4 and Diogo Pestana1,4,* -- INTRODUCTION -- ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS - WHAT, WHY AND WHERE? -- ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS AS OBESOGENS.

YIN-YANG ROLE OF ADIPOSE TISSUE IN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY -- ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS AND ADIPOSE TISSUE DYSFUNCTION -- CORNERSTONES OF THE METABOLISM-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS -- CROSSROADS BETWEEN NUTRITION AND ENVIRONMENT - AN AVENUE FOR FUTURE INTERVENTIONS? -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Medical Management of the Obese Patient -- Paula Freitas1,2,3,*, Vanessa Guerreiro1,2 and Davide Carvalho1,2,3 -- INTRODUCTION -- CURRENTLY APPROVED ANTIOBESITY MEDICATIONS -- Orlistat -- Lorcaserin -- Topiramate and Phentermine/Topiramate Combination -- Naltrexone/Bupropion Combination -- Liraglutide -- Other Considerations -- Semaglutide -- NEW DRUGS IN THE PIPELINE AND NEW STRATEGIES -- From Leptin Analogs to Leptin Sensitizers -- From New Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Analogs to Multiligand Therapies -- Oxyntomodulin Analogs -- Antagonism of the Neuropeptide Y Y5 Receptor -- Antiobesity Vaccines -- Antagonists of the Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 -- The Melonocortin System - from Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 Antagonists to Melanocortin 4 Receptor Agonists and Multitarget Drugs -- Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 Inhibition -- Double Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter 1 and 2 Inhibitors -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Current Pharmacological Approaches in Obesity Treatment -- Nuno Borges1,2,* and Alejandro Santos1,3 -- INTRODUCTION - HISTORY OF DRUG TREATMENT IN OBESITY -- ORLISTAT -- LORCASERIN -- PHENTERMINE/TOPIRAMATE COMBINATION -- NALTREXONE/BUPROPION COMBINATION -- LIRAGLUTIDE -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Managing Obesity with Bariatric Surgery -- Gil Faria1,2,* -- INTRODUCTION.

SURGERY, WEIGHT LOSS AND INSULIN METABOLISM -- IMPACT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON COMORBIDITIES -- Effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus -- Effect on High Blood Pressure -- Effect on Dislipidemia -- Effects on Other Comorbidities -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Role of Macronutrients in Diets for Weight Control -- Cátia Braga-Pontes1,2, Vânia S. Ribeiro1,2 and Cidália D. Pereira1,2,* -- INTRODUCTION -- FATS -- Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Weight Control -- Trans Fatty Acids -- Conjugated Linoleic Acids -- Are Low-fat Diets Effective for Weight Loss? -- CARBOHYDRATES -- Are all Sugars Equal for Weight Control? -- Glycemic Index: Does it Really Matters for Weight Loss? -- Fibre and Weight Management -- Sugar Addiction: Myth or Reality? -- Low-carbohydrate Diets vs. High-fat Diets -- PROTEINS -- Protein Role on Weight Loss Diets -- How much Protein for Weight Loss? -- High-protein Diets -- Animal or Vegetable Protein? -- MACRONUTRIENTS: IS THERE AN OPTIMAL PROPORTION FOR WEIGHT LOSS? -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Relevance of Polyphenols in Obesity Therapy -- Ana Faria1,2,3, Cristina Pereira-Wilson4,5,6 and Rita Negrão7,8,* -- INTRODUCTION -- POLYPHENOL STRUCTURE -- POLYPHENOLS SOURCES AND OCCURRENCE -- ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF POLYPHENOLS -- POLYPHENOLS AND INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA -- EFFECTS OF POLYPHENOLS ON MACRONUTRIENT ABSORPTION AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL -- POLYPHENOLS ON LIPID METABOLISM -- POLYPHENOLS AND APPETITE REGULATION -- THERMOGENESIS MODULATION AND BROWNING OF ADIPOSE TISSUE BY POLYPHENOLS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Maternal Nutrition and Developmental Program-ming of Obesity.

Fátima Martel1,2 and Elisa Keating1,3,* -- INTRODUCTION -- THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING OF DISEASE -- EPIGENETICS AND DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING OF DISEASE -- MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL INSULTS AND DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING OF OBESITY -- Maternal Metabolic Condition -- Mismatch Between Pregnancy and Postnatal Environments -- Timing of Nutritional Insult -- Type of Maternal Nutritional Insult -- Maternal Undernutrition -- Maternal Overnutrition -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Targeting Gut Microbiota in Obesity Control -- Cláudia Marques1,2 and Conceição Calhau1,2,* -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA AND OBESITY -- Gut microbiota and obesity: the underlying mechanisms -- MODULATION OF GUT MICROBIOTA BY DIETARY APPROACHES -- MODULATION OF GUT MICROBIOTA BY PROBIOTICS -- FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANT -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Modulatory Impact of Physical Exercise on the Morphological and Metabolic Features of White Adipose Tissue -- Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues1,3,*, Jorge Beleza1,2, António Ascensão1,2 and José Magalhães1,2 -- INTRODUCTION -- THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES -- Angiogenesis -- Autophagy -- Apoptotic Signaling -- PHYSICAL EXERCISE-INDUCED ADAPTATIONS ON NON- AND ADIPOSE-DERIVED HORMONE SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION -- Adiponectin -- Leptin -- Ghrelin -- PHYSICAL EXERCISE-INDUCED ADAPTATIONS ON INFLAMMA-TORY-RELATED MECHANISMS -- Interleukin 6 -- Tumor Necrosis Factor α -- THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON BROWN ADIPOCYTE-LIKE PHENOTYPE -- Mitochondrial Activity -- Myokines -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Stress and Obesity -- Isabel Azevedo*.

INTRODUCTION.

Understanding Obesity informs readers about contributing factors to obesity: from social and behavioral determinants throughout the life course, influences from before we are born to what we eat (nutrients and food contaminants which impact body weight), gut bacteria, and the way accumulated energy from nutrition is spent. Chapters will also inform readers about adipose tissue (the dynamic role of the adipose tissue during obesity development, the pressure put on to its remodeling and differences in obesity phenotypes regarding association with pathological outcomes as well as the latest advances in finding biological markers of adipose tissue dysfunction) and the latest treatment options for obesity. Special topics, such as the bidirectional relationship of stress with obesity and the influence of aging on the onset of metabolic disorders that lead to obesity are also discussed. Understanding Obesity is a valuable reference for health researchers, practitioners (endocrinologists, family physicians, nurses), as well as decision-makers in healthcare and other professional settings who are seeking a holistic understanding about the causes of obesity and ways to address it. Key Features: - 17 chapters cover obesity from a diverse range of perspectives - medical information is presented (adipose physiology and different disease conditions relevant to obesity) - educational, social and psychological issues as central when caring for obesity patients are emphasized - the latest information on obesity treatment options (including medical, pharmaceutical and surgical options) is included - bibliographic references have been provided for further reading.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.