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Tax Accounting : Unravelling the Mystery of Income Taxes.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Amsterdam : IBFD Publications USA, Incorporated, 2015Copyright date: ©2015Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (406 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9789087223076
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Tax AccountingDDC classification:
  • 343.04
LOC classification:
  • HF5681.T3 .B355 2015
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Tax Accounting -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Importance of accounting for income taxes -- 1.3. Primary tax accounting terminology -- 1.4. How are income taxes accounted for? -- 1.5. Other factors affecting tax reporting: Looking beyond the accounting requirements -- 1.5.1. Introduction -- 1.5.2. Non-regulatory pressure and other media coverage -- 1.5.2.1. Introduction -- 1.5.2.2. Corporate social responsibility -- 1.5.2.3. Fair share -- 1.5.2.3.1. Publish What You Pay -- 1.5.2.3.2. Non-governmental organizations -- 1.5.3. Regulatory changes and proposals -- 1.5.3.1. Introduction -- 1.5.3.2. Country-by-country reporting -- 1.5.3.2.1. The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative -- 1.5.3.2.2. The US Dodd-Frank Act -- 1.5.3.2.3. EU directive on accounting and transparency -- 1.5.3.2.4. EU Capital Requirements Directive -- 1.5.3.2.5. OECD Guidelines -- 1.5.4. Conclusion -- 1.6. International Financial Reporting Standards -- 1.6.1. Introduction -- 1.6.2. Why are International Financial Reporting Standards developed? -- 1.6.3. The convergence project -- 1.6.4. What is the IASB? -- 1.6.5. The Board -- 1.6.6. IFRS Foundation -- 1.6.7. IFRS Foundation trustees -- 1.6.8. IFRS Foundation monitoring board -- 1.6.9. IFRS advisory council -- 1.6.10. IFRS Interpretations Committee -- 1.6.11. Accounting Standards Advisory Forum -- 1.6.12. Financial reporting standards -- 1.6.12.1. Introduction -- 1.6.12.2. The due process of IFRS -- 1.6.12.3. The due process of IFRIC interpretations -- 1.6.13. Conclusion -- Chapter 2: Definition of Income Taxes -- 2.1. Scope of IAS 12 -- 2.2. Income taxes in the statements and analysis -- 2.3. Income taxes -- 2.4. Specific forms of taxation -- 2.4.1. Income tax -- 2.4.2. Withholding tax.
2.4.3. Business tax -- 2.4.4. Tonnage tax -- 2.4.5. Mining tax -- 2.4.6. Interest payments and penalties -- 2.4.7. Alternative minimum taxes -- 2.4.8. Tax on value added -- 2.4.9. Tax beyond the scope of IAS 12 -- 2.5. Differences between IFRS and US GAAP -- Chapter 3: Book-to-Tax Differences: Permanent and Temporary -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Tax returns and financial statements -- 3.3. Adjustment of profit for tax purposes and the performance statements -- 3.4. Reconciliation of IFRS, national GAAP and group accounts -- 3.5. Manner of recovery of assets -- Chapter 4: Current Tax and Prior Year Adjustments -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The process -- 4.3. Calculate current tax for the year -- 4.3.1. Calculate taxable income for the year -- 4.3.2. Tax rates -- 4.3.3. Tax incentives -- 4.3.4. Uncertain tax positions -- 4.3.5. Tax loss carry-back claims -- 4.4. Calculate any prior year adjustments -- 4.4.1. Prior year adjustments -- 4.4.2. Change in accounting estimate vs. error -- 4.5. Reconcile tax accounts -- 4.5.1. Introduction -- 4.5.2. Balance sheet classification -- 4.5.3. Discounting -- 4.6. Conclusion -- Chapter 5: Deferred Taxes -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Overview of deferred tax assets and liabilities -- 5.2.1. Recognition -- 5.2.2. Measurement -- 5.2.3. Presentation -- 5.3. Practical approach to calculating deferred tax -- 5.4. Basic principles of carrying amount -- 5.5. Tax base as the basis for calculating deferred tax -- 5.5.1. Tax base of an asset -- 5.5.2. Tax base of a liability -- 5.5.3. Tax base of revenue received in advance -- 5.5.4. Uncertainty in determining the tax base -- 5.6. Tax base without a carrying amount -- 5.7. Calculate the temporary differences -- 5.7.1. Temporary difference -- 5.7.2. Taxable temporary differences -- 5.7.2.1. Assets -- 5.7.2.2. Liabilities.
5.7.2.3. Other examples of taxable temporary differences -- 5.7.3. Deductible temporary differences -- 5.7.3.1. Assets -- 5.7.3.2. Liabilities -- 5.7.3.3. Other examples of deductible temporary differences -- 5.7.4. Other examples of temporary differences -- 5.8. Recognition criteria and initial recognition exemptions -- 5.8.1. Initial recognition exemption -- 5.8.2. Initial recognition of goodwill exempted from deferred tax -- 5.8.3. Exemption from recognizing outside basis deferred tax -- 5.8.4. Exemption from recognition of deferred tax assets -- 5.9. Manner of expected recovery -- 5.9.1. Substantively enacted tax rates -- 5.9.2. Tax rates based on manner of recovery -- 5.9.3. Recovery of investment property -- 5.9.4. Different tax rates for levels of taxable profit -- 5.10. Reconcile movements in deferred tax balances -- 5.10.1. Disclosure of deferred tax movements -- 5.10.2. Accounting for a deferred tax movement -- 5.10.2.1. Deferred tax movements in the income statement -- 5.10.2.2. Deferred tax movements in other comprehensive income -- 5.10.2.3. Deferred tax movements in equity -- 5.10.3. Disallowance of discounting -- 5.10.4. Deferred tax on capital losses -- 5.11. Practical issues -- 5.11.1. Investment tax credits -- 5.11.2. Deferred tax on compound financial instruments -- 5.11.3. Divestments: Rollover relief -- 5.11.4. Intra-group transactions -- Chapter 6: Deferred Tax Asset Recognition -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Deferred tax assets -- 6.2.1. Relevant deferred tax assets and GAAPs -- 6.2.2. Recognizing a deferred tax asset -- 6.3. Deferred tax assets on unused tax losses and credits -- 6.3.1. Background -- 6.3.2. The threshold: "Probable" -- 6.3.3. History of recent losses -- 6.3.4. Convincing other evidence -- 6.3.5. Specific tax regimes -- 6.4. Tax rate to be used -- 6.5. Discounting -- 6.6. Netting -- Chapter 7: Tax Exposures.
7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Basic theory and technical guidance -- 7.2.1. Identification of uncertain tax positions -- 7.2.2. Assessing probability (recognition) -- 7.2.2.1. Evidence to support recognition -- 7.2.2.1.1. Detection risk -- 7.2.2.1.2. Tax opinions and external evidence -- 7.2.2.1.3. Recognizing uncertainties related to valuation -- 7.2.3. Measuring risk -- 7.2.3.1. Measurement under US GAAP -- 7.2.3.2. Measurement under IFRS -- 7.2.3.3. Examples of US GAAP and IFRS recognition and measurement -- 7.2.3.3.1. Example of transfer pricing uncertain tax position -- 7.2.3.3.2. Binary tax position -- 7.2.4. Subsequent events -- 7.2.5. Effective settlement -- 7.2.6. Interest and penalties -- 7.2.6.1. Accounting policy election under US GAAP -- 7.2.6.2. Accounting policy election under IFRS -- 7.2.7. Financial statement disclosures -- 7.2.7.1. Reporting under US GAAP -- 7.2.7.1.1. Balance sheet classification -- 7.2.7.1.2. Disclosures reported at gross vs. net -- 7.2.7.1.3. Annual disclosures under US GAAP -- 7.2.7.1.3.1. Accounting policy on classification of interest and penalties -- 7.2.7.1.3.2. Total amount of interest and penalties recognized in the income statement and balance sheet -- 7.2.7.1.3.3. Reasonably possible significant changes expected within 12 months -- 7.2.7.1.3.4. Tax years still subject to examination by a major tax jurisdiction -- 7.2.7.1.3.5. Amount that would affect the effective tax rate -- 7.2.7.1.3.6. The gross tabular reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits -- 7.2.7.2. Reporting under IFRS -- 7.3. Conclusion -- Chapter 8: Disclosure Notes -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Presentation versus disclosure -- 8.3. Presentation and disclosure requirements IAS 12 -- 8.3.1. Introduction -- 8.3.2. Presentation -- 8.3.2.1. Offsetting current taxes -- 8.3.2.2. Offsetting deferred taxes -- 8.3.2.3. Tax expense.
8.3.2.4. Exchange differences on deferred foreign tax liabilities or assets -- 8.3.3. Disclosure -- 8.3.3.1. Total tax expense (income) -- 8.3.3.2. Effective tax rate reconciliation -- 8.3.3.3. Tax rates -- 8.3.3.4. Tax via equity and other comprehensive income -- 8.3.3.5. Overview of tax losses/non-recognized deferred tax assets -- 8.3.3.6. Investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates and interests in joint arrangements -- 8.3.3.7. Deferred taxes -- 8.3.3.8. Discontinued operations -- 8.3.3.9. Income tax consequences of dividends -- 8.3.3.10. Business combinations -- 8.3.3.11. Future taxable income -- 8.3.3.12. Tax contingencies and events after the reporting period -- 8.4. Non-IAS 12 presentation and disclosure requirements -- 8.4.1. Introduction -- 8.4.2. IAS 1: Presentation of financial statements -- 8.4.3. IAS 7: Statement of cash flows -- 8.4.4. IAS 10: Events after the reporting period -- 8.4.5. IFRS 3: Business Combinations -- 8.4.6. IFRS 8: Operating Segments -- 8.5. Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Special Items -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Initial recognition -- 9.2.1. General rule of initial recognition -- 9.2.2. Mergers -- 9.2.3. Assets carried at fair value -- 9.2.4. Change in tax status of the entity -- 9.2.5. Migration of an entity -- 9.2.6. Subsequent changes in value: Impact on the initial recognition exemption -- 9.3. Outside basis differences -- 9.3.1. What is an outside basis difference? -- 9.3.2. Calculating deferred taxes on outside basis differences -- 9.3.2.1. Impact of local legal requirements -- 9.3.2.2. Impact of local tax treatment of the shareholder -- 9.3.2.3. Impact of tax treaties -- 9.3.3. Deferred tax assets in relation to unremitted retained earnings -- 9.3.3.1. Withholding taxes and deferred tax assets on unremitted retained earnings.
9.3.3.2. Impairment of investments and deferred tax assets on unremitted retained earnings.
Summary: The book explains the essence of tax accounting and gives a detailed methodology to compute, determine and disclose the tax consequences in the financial statements of a company.
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Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Tax Accounting -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Importance of accounting for income taxes -- 1.3. Primary tax accounting terminology -- 1.4. How are income taxes accounted for? -- 1.5. Other factors affecting tax reporting: Looking beyond the accounting requirements -- 1.5.1. Introduction -- 1.5.2. Non-regulatory pressure and other media coverage -- 1.5.2.1. Introduction -- 1.5.2.2. Corporate social responsibility -- 1.5.2.3. Fair share -- 1.5.2.3.1. Publish What You Pay -- 1.5.2.3.2. Non-governmental organizations -- 1.5.3. Regulatory changes and proposals -- 1.5.3.1. Introduction -- 1.5.3.2. Country-by-country reporting -- 1.5.3.2.1. The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative -- 1.5.3.2.2. The US Dodd-Frank Act -- 1.5.3.2.3. EU directive on accounting and transparency -- 1.5.3.2.4. EU Capital Requirements Directive -- 1.5.3.2.5. OECD Guidelines -- 1.5.4. Conclusion -- 1.6. International Financial Reporting Standards -- 1.6.1. Introduction -- 1.6.2. Why are International Financial Reporting Standards developed? -- 1.6.3. The convergence project -- 1.6.4. What is the IASB? -- 1.6.5. The Board -- 1.6.6. IFRS Foundation -- 1.6.7. IFRS Foundation trustees -- 1.6.8. IFRS Foundation monitoring board -- 1.6.9. IFRS advisory council -- 1.6.10. IFRS Interpretations Committee -- 1.6.11. Accounting Standards Advisory Forum -- 1.6.12. Financial reporting standards -- 1.6.12.1. Introduction -- 1.6.12.2. The due process of IFRS -- 1.6.12.3. The due process of IFRIC interpretations -- 1.6.13. Conclusion -- Chapter 2: Definition of Income Taxes -- 2.1. Scope of IAS 12 -- 2.2. Income taxes in the statements and analysis -- 2.3. Income taxes -- 2.4. Specific forms of taxation -- 2.4.1. Income tax -- 2.4.2. Withholding tax.

2.4.3. Business tax -- 2.4.4. Tonnage tax -- 2.4.5. Mining tax -- 2.4.6. Interest payments and penalties -- 2.4.7. Alternative minimum taxes -- 2.4.8. Tax on value added -- 2.4.9. Tax beyond the scope of IAS 12 -- 2.5. Differences between IFRS and US GAAP -- Chapter 3: Book-to-Tax Differences: Permanent and Temporary -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Tax returns and financial statements -- 3.3. Adjustment of profit for tax purposes and the performance statements -- 3.4. Reconciliation of IFRS, national GAAP and group accounts -- 3.5. Manner of recovery of assets -- Chapter 4: Current Tax and Prior Year Adjustments -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The process -- 4.3. Calculate current tax for the year -- 4.3.1. Calculate taxable income for the year -- 4.3.2. Tax rates -- 4.3.3. Tax incentives -- 4.3.4. Uncertain tax positions -- 4.3.5. Tax loss carry-back claims -- 4.4. Calculate any prior year adjustments -- 4.4.1. Prior year adjustments -- 4.4.2. Change in accounting estimate vs. error -- 4.5. Reconcile tax accounts -- 4.5.1. Introduction -- 4.5.2. Balance sheet classification -- 4.5.3. Discounting -- 4.6. Conclusion -- Chapter 5: Deferred Taxes -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Overview of deferred tax assets and liabilities -- 5.2.1. Recognition -- 5.2.2. Measurement -- 5.2.3. Presentation -- 5.3. Practical approach to calculating deferred tax -- 5.4. Basic principles of carrying amount -- 5.5. Tax base as the basis for calculating deferred tax -- 5.5.1. Tax base of an asset -- 5.5.2. Tax base of a liability -- 5.5.3. Tax base of revenue received in advance -- 5.5.4. Uncertainty in determining the tax base -- 5.6. Tax base without a carrying amount -- 5.7. Calculate the temporary differences -- 5.7.1. Temporary difference -- 5.7.2. Taxable temporary differences -- 5.7.2.1. Assets -- 5.7.2.2. Liabilities.

5.7.2.3. Other examples of taxable temporary differences -- 5.7.3. Deductible temporary differences -- 5.7.3.1. Assets -- 5.7.3.2. Liabilities -- 5.7.3.3. Other examples of deductible temporary differences -- 5.7.4. Other examples of temporary differences -- 5.8. Recognition criteria and initial recognition exemptions -- 5.8.1. Initial recognition exemption -- 5.8.2. Initial recognition of goodwill exempted from deferred tax -- 5.8.3. Exemption from recognizing outside basis deferred tax -- 5.8.4. Exemption from recognition of deferred tax assets -- 5.9. Manner of expected recovery -- 5.9.1. Substantively enacted tax rates -- 5.9.2. Tax rates based on manner of recovery -- 5.9.3. Recovery of investment property -- 5.9.4. Different tax rates for levels of taxable profit -- 5.10. Reconcile movements in deferred tax balances -- 5.10.1. Disclosure of deferred tax movements -- 5.10.2. Accounting for a deferred tax movement -- 5.10.2.1. Deferred tax movements in the income statement -- 5.10.2.2. Deferred tax movements in other comprehensive income -- 5.10.2.3. Deferred tax movements in equity -- 5.10.3. Disallowance of discounting -- 5.10.4. Deferred tax on capital losses -- 5.11. Practical issues -- 5.11.1. Investment tax credits -- 5.11.2. Deferred tax on compound financial instruments -- 5.11.3. Divestments: Rollover relief -- 5.11.4. Intra-group transactions -- Chapter 6: Deferred Tax Asset Recognition -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Deferred tax assets -- 6.2.1. Relevant deferred tax assets and GAAPs -- 6.2.2. Recognizing a deferred tax asset -- 6.3. Deferred tax assets on unused tax losses and credits -- 6.3.1. Background -- 6.3.2. The threshold: "Probable" -- 6.3.3. History of recent losses -- 6.3.4. Convincing other evidence -- 6.3.5. Specific tax regimes -- 6.4. Tax rate to be used -- 6.5. Discounting -- 6.6. Netting -- Chapter 7: Tax Exposures.

7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Basic theory and technical guidance -- 7.2.1. Identification of uncertain tax positions -- 7.2.2. Assessing probability (recognition) -- 7.2.2.1. Evidence to support recognition -- 7.2.2.1.1. Detection risk -- 7.2.2.1.2. Tax opinions and external evidence -- 7.2.2.1.3. Recognizing uncertainties related to valuation -- 7.2.3. Measuring risk -- 7.2.3.1. Measurement under US GAAP -- 7.2.3.2. Measurement under IFRS -- 7.2.3.3. Examples of US GAAP and IFRS recognition and measurement -- 7.2.3.3.1. Example of transfer pricing uncertain tax position -- 7.2.3.3.2. Binary tax position -- 7.2.4. Subsequent events -- 7.2.5. Effective settlement -- 7.2.6. Interest and penalties -- 7.2.6.1. Accounting policy election under US GAAP -- 7.2.6.2. Accounting policy election under IFRS -- 7.2.7. Financial statement disclosures -- 7.2.7.1. Reporting under US GAAP -- 7.2.7.1.1. Balance sheet classification -- 7.2.7.1.2. Disclosures reported at gross vs. net -- 7.2.7.1.3. Annual disclosures under US GAAP -- 7.2.7.1.3.1. Accounting policy on classification of interest and penalties -- 7.2.7.1.3.2. Total amount of interest and penalties recognized in the income statement and balance sheet -- 7.2.7.1.3.3. Reasonably possible significant changes expected within 12 months -- 7.2.7.1.3.4. Tax years still subject to examination by a major tax jurisdiction -- 7.2.7.1.3.5. Amount that would affect the effective tax rate -- 7.2.7.1.3.6. The gross tabular reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits -- 7.2.7.2. Reporting under IFRS -- 7.3. Conclusion -- Chapter 8: Disclosure Notes -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Presentation versus disclosure -- 8.3. Presentation and disclosure requirements IAS 12 -- 8.3.1. Introduction -- 8.3.2. Presentation -- 8.3.2.1. Offsetting current taxes -- 8.3.2.2. Offsetting deferred taxes -- 8.3.2.3. Tax expense.

8.3.2.4. Exchange differences on deferred foreign tax liabilities or assets -- 8.3.3. Disclosure -- 8.3.3.1. Total tax expense (income) -- 8.3.3.2. Effective tax rate reconciliation -- 8.3.3.3. Tax rates -- 8.3.3.4. Tax via equity and other comprehensive income -- 8.3.3.5. Overview of tax losses/non-recognized deferred tax assets -- 8.3.3.6. Investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates and interests in joint arrangements -- 8.3.3.7. Deferred taxes -- 8.3.3.8. Discontinued operations -- 8.3.3.9. Income tax consequences of dividends -- 8.3.3.10. Business combinations -- 8.3.3.11. Future taxable income -- 8.3.3.12. Tax contingencies and events after the reporting period -- 8.4. Non-IAS 12 presentation and disclosure requirements -- 8.4.1. Introduction -- 8.4.2. IAS 1: Presentation of financial statements -- 8.4.3. IAS 7: Statement of cash flows -- 8.4.4. IAS 10: Events after the reporting period -- 8.4.5. IFRS 3: Business Combinations -- 8.4.6. IFRS 8: Operating Segments -- 8.5. Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Special Items -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Initial recognition -- 9.2.1. General rule of initial recognition -- 9.2.2. Mergers -- 9.2.3. Assets carried at fair value -- 9.2.4. Change in tax status of the entity -- 9.2.5. Migration of an entity -- 9.2.6. Subsequent changes in value: Impact on the initial recognition exemption -- 9.3. Outside basis differences -- 9.3.1. What is an outside basis difference? -- 9.3.2. Calculating deferred taxes on outside basis differences -- 9.3.2.1. Impact of local legal requirements -- 9.3.2.2. Impact of local tax treatment of the shareholder -- 9.3.2.3. Impact of tax treaties -- 9.3.3. Deferred tax assets in relation to unremitted retained earnings -- 9.3.3.1. Withholding taxes and deferred tax assets on unremitted retained earnings.

9.3.3.2. Impairment of investments and deferred tax assets on unremitted retained earnings.

The book explains the essence of tax accounting and gives a detailed methodology to compute, determine and disclose the tax consequences in the financial statements of a company.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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