Corpora and the Changing Society : Studies in the Evolution of English.

Intro -- Corpora and the Changing Society -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Corpora and the changing society -- Part I. Changing society -- The great temptation: What diachronic corpora do and do not reveal about social change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Five pitfalls in the analysis of diachronic corpus data -- 2.1 Corpus frequencies (semasiological frequencies) are not always equivalent to frequencies of entities and events in the real world (onomasiological frequencies) -- 2.2 Corpus frequencies of polysemous words need to be broken down into sense-specific and construction-specific frequencies -- 2.3 Correlations in large datasets may be spurious -- 2.4 Comparisons of frequency trends in diachronic corpora require adequate statistical treatment -- 2.5 It is not always easy to disentangle social change and linguistic change -- 3. Giving in to temptation: A case study of the English make-causative -- 3.1 The English make-causative construction -- 3.2 Corpus data and descriptive statistics -- 3.3 Using distributional semantics to study the development of the make-causative -- 3.4 Discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Corpora -- Other references -- Changes in society and language: Charting poverty -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and pre-processing -- 2.1 The EEBO Collection as sampler corpus -- 2.2 The CLMET3.0 corpus -- 2.3 The pre-processing step of spelling normalization -- 3. Methods -- 3.1 Data-based and data-driven approaches -- 3.2 Document classification -- 3.3 Topic modelling -- 3.4 Conceptual maps -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1 Dictionary-based approach -- 4.2 Topic modelling -- 4.3 Conceptual maps -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Corpora and software -- Other references.

Finding evidence for a changing society: A collocational study of medical discourse in 1500-1800 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. Materials and method -- 4. Results -- 4.1 The Corpus of Early Modern English Medical Texts (1500-1700) -- 4.2 The Corpus of Late Modern English Medical Texts (1700-1800) -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Corpora and software -- Other references -- Semantic neology: Challenges in matching corpus-based semantic change to real-world change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and methods -- 2.1 Data and tools -- 2.2 Tracking the neosemes -- 3. Case studies -- 3.1 Case study 1: Birther -- 3.2 Case study 2: Normalisation -- 3.3 Case study 3: Cougar -- 3.4 Case study 4: Snowflake -- 3.5 Case study 5: Ghosting -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1 Challenges -- 4.2 Measures shown to allow or enhance system performance -- 4.3 Sociolinguistic insights gained in the study -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Corpora and tools -- Other references -- From burden to threat: A diachronic study of language ideology and migrant representation in the British press -- 1. Introduction and background -- 2. Data and approach -- 3. Analysis -- 3.1 Proficiency -- 3.2 Multilingualism -- 3.3 Learning English and integration -- 3.4 From public to private services -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Corpora and tools -- Other references -- Part II. Changing language -- That's absolutely fine: An investigation of absolutely in the spoken BNC2014 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 3. The frequency of absolutely -- 4. The frequency of absolutely with different syntactic head words -- 4.1 Absolutely with adjectives -- 4.2 Absolutely modifying a verb -- 4.3 Absolutely followed by everything, all, never, nothing, no -- 4.4 Absolutely with nouns -- 4.5 Absolutely before preposition phrases -- 4.6 Absolutely as a discourse marker at the end of the clause.

5. The response marker absolutely -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Corpora and software -- Other references -- Appendix 1. Speaker age in BNC1994DS and BNC2014S -- Appendix 2. Cross-tabulation of speaker age and gender in BNC1994DS -- Appendix 3. Cross-tabulation of speaker age and gender in BNC2014S -- Appendix 4. Adjectives and speaker age -- Appendix 5. Verbs and speaker age -- Two sides of the same coin?: Tracking the history of the intensifiers deadly and mortal -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intensifiers: An overview -- 3. Data sources -- 4. Deadly and mortal: A historical account -- 4.1 Preliminary remarks -- 4.2 Deadly and mortal: The origins -- 4.3 Deadly and mortal: EModE -- 4.4 Deadly and mortal: LModE and PDE -- 5. The grammaticalization of deadly and mortal -- 6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Corpora and software -- Other references -- So-called -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. The increase of -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern English -- 4. Different types of -ingly adverbs -- 5. Functions of -ingly adverbs -- 5.1 Modification of adjectives, verbs, and clauses -- 5.2 Harry Potter adverbs -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Corpora -- Other references -- Appendix -- Funding information -- Analyzing change in the American English amplifier system in the fiction genre -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous research -- 3. Data and methodology -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion and outlook -- References -- Corpora and software -- Other references -- The development and pragmatic function of a non-inference marker: That is not to say (that) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Form and function of that is not to say in Present-day English -- 2.1 Distribution of that is not to say -- 2.2 Synchronic status -- 3. Historical development of that is not to say.

3.1 Dating of the construction -- 3.2 Formal features of the historical construction -- 3.3 Explaining the gaps in the data -- 3.4 Grammaticalization ofthat is not to say -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Corpora and text collections -- Other references -- Changes in transitivity and reflexive uses of sit (me/myself down) in Early and Late Modern English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background and reflexivity in the history of English -- 2.1 Defining reflexivity -- 2.2 Reflexive strategies in the history of English -- 2.3 The Transitivity Hypothesis in the context of this study -- 3. Corpora and databases -- 4. Simple and SELF-reflexives with sit and the transitivization of sit down -- 4.1 Sit in the Early Modern period: Simple and SELF-strategies in the EEBO Corpus -- 4.2 Expressing telic and atelic aspect with the simple and the SELF-strategies -- 4.3 The transitivization of sit down -- 5. Discussion and conclusions -- References -- Corpora -- Other references -- Appendix 1. The absolute frequencies of the simple and the SELF-strategies, 1500-1700: EEBO Corpus -- Appendix 2. The absolute frequencies of telic descriptions in the simple and the SELF-strategies, 1580-1700: EEBO Corpus -- Appendix 3. Occurrence of down in the simple and the SELF-strategies, 1580-1700: EEBO Corpus. Absolute frequencies -- Appendix 4. The absolute frequencies of the simple and the SELF-strategies, 1810-2009: COHA -- Appendix 5. Transitive sit down: Direct and indirect causatives and ambiguous cases, 1830-2009: COHA. Absolute frequencies.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.