Emitter Detection and Geolocation for Electronic Warfare.

Emitter Detection and Geolocation for Electronic Warfare -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 DETECTION OF THREAT EMITTERS -- 1.2 ANGLE OF ARRIVAL (AOA) ESTIMATION -- 1.3 GEOLOCATION OF THREAT EMITTERS -- 1.3.1 Geolocation by Satellite -- 1.4 SIGNALS OF INTEREST -- 1.5 NONMILITARY USES -- 1.6 LIMITATIONS -- References -- Part I Detection of Threat Emitters -- Chapter 2 Detection Theory -- 2.1 BACKGROUND -- 2.1.1 Sources of Variation -- 2.1.2 Likelihood Function -- 2.1.3 Sufficient Statistic -- 2.2 BINARY HYPOTHESIS TESTING -- 2.3 COMPOSITE HYPOTHESIS -- 2.4 CONSTANT FALSE-ALARM RATE DETECTORS -- 2.4.1 Side Channel Information -- 2.5 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Chapter 3 Detection of CW Signals -- 3.1 BACKGROUND -- 3.2 FORMULATION -- 3.3 SOLUTION -- 3.3.1 Threshold Selection -- 3.3.2 Detection Algorithm -- 3.3.3 Detection Performance -- 3.4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS -- 3.4.1 Brief Review of RF Propagation -- 3.4.2 Detection of an FM Broadcast Tower -- 3.4.3 CW Radar Detection -- 3.5 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Chapter 4 Detection of Spread Spectrum Signals -- 4.1 BACKGROUND -- 4.2 FORMULATION -- 4.2.1 DSSS Encoding -- 4.2.2 Spread Spectrum Radar Signa -- 4.3 SOLUTION -- 4.3.1 Energy Detectors -- 4.3.2 Cyclostationary Detectors -- 4.3.3 Cross-Correlation Detectors -- 4.4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS -- 4.4.1 Detection of a 3G CDMA Cell Signal -- 4.4.2 Detection of aWideband Radar Pulse -- 4.5 LIMITATIONS -- 4.6 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Chapter 5 Scanning Receivers -- 5.1 DIGITAL RECEIVERS -- 5.1.1 In-Phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) Digitization -- 5.2 IF RECEIVERS -- 5.3 FREQUENCY RESOLUTION -- 5.4 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Part II Angle of Arrival Estimation -- Chapter 6 Estimation Theory -- 6.1 BACKGROUND -- 6.2 MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION -- 6.3 OTHER ESTIMATORS -- 6.3.1 Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimators.

6.3.2 Bayes Estimators -- 6.3.3 Least Square Estimators -- 6.3.4 Convex Estimators -- 6.3.5 Tracking Estimators -- 6.4 PERFORMANCE MEASURES -- 6.4.1 Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) -- 6.4.2 CRLB -- 6.4.3 Angle Error Variance and Confidence Intervals -- 6.5 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Chapter 7 Direction-Finding Systems -- 7.1 BEAM PATTERN-BASED DIRECTION FINDING -- 7.1.1 Implementation -- 7.1.2 Performance -- 7.2 WATSON-WATT DIRECTION FINDING -- 7.2.1 Implementation -- 7.2.2 Performance -- 7.3 DOPPLER-BASED DIRECTION FINDING -- 7.3.1 Formulation -- 7.3.2 Implementation -- 7.3.3 Performance -- 7.4 PHASE INTERFEROMETRY -- 7.4.1 Implementation -- 7.4.2 Performance -- 7.4.3 Resolving Ambiguities with Multiple Baselines -- 7.5 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON -- 7.6 MONOPULSE DIRECTION FINDING -- 7.6.1 Performance -- 7.7 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Chapter 8 Array-Based AOA -- 8.1 BACKGROUND -- 8.1.1 Nonstandard Array Configurations -- 8.2 FORMULATION -- 8.2.1 Multiple PlaneWaves -- 8.2.2 Wideband Signals -- 8.2.3 Array Beamforming -- 8.2.4 Nonisotropic Element Patterns -- 8.2.5 Gain and Beamwidth -- 8.2.6 Array Tapers -- 8.2.7 Two-Dimensional Arrays -- 8.3 SOLUTION -- 8.3.1 Signal Models -- 8.3.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimation -- 8.3.3 Beamformer Scanning -- 8.3.4 Subspace-Based Methods -- 8.4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS -- 8.4.1 Gaussian Signal Model -- 8.4.2 Deterministic Signal Model -- 8.5 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Part III Geolocation of Threat Emitters -- Chapter 9 Geolocation of Emitters -- 9.1 BACKGROUND -- 9.2 PERFORMANCE METRICS -- 9.2.1 Error Ellipse -- 9.2.2 CEP -- 9.2.3 MATLAB® Code -- 9.3 CRLB -- 9.4 TRACKERS -- 9.5 GEOLOCATION ALGORITHMS -- 9.5.1 Ongoing Research -- 9.6 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Chapter 10 Triangulation of AOA Measurements -- 10.1 BACKGROUND -- 10.2 FORMULATION -- 10.2.1 3-D Geometry -- 10.3 SOLUTION.

10.3.1 Geometric Solution for Two Measurements -- 10.3.2 Geometric Solutions for Three or More Measurements -- 10.3.3 Maximum Likelihood Estimate -- 10.3.4 Iterative Least Squares -- 10.3.5 Gradient Descent -- 10.4 OTHER SOLUTIONS -- 10.5 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS -- 10.6 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Chapter 11 TDOA -- 11.1 BACKGROUND -- 11.2 FORMULATION -- 11.2.1 Isochrones -- 11.2.2 Number of Sensors -- 11.3 SOLUTION -- 11.3.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimate -- 11.3.2 Iterative Least Squares Solution -- 11.3.3 Gradient Descent Algorithms -- 11.3.4 Chan-Ho Approach -- 11.3.5 Spherical Methods -- 11.4 TDOA ESTIMATION -- 11.4.1 Time of Arrival Detection -- 11.4.2 Cross-Correlation Processing -- 11.4.3 Clock Synchronization -- 11.5 GEOLOCATION PERFORMANCE -- 11.6 LIMITATIONS -- 11.7 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Chapter 12 FDOA -- 12.1 BACKGROUND -- 12.2 FORMULATION -- 12.3 SOLUTION -- 12.3.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimate -- 12.3.2 Iterative Least Squares Solution -- 12.3.3 Gradient Descent Algorithms -- 12.3.4 Other Approaches -- 12.4 FDOA ESTIMATION -- 12.4.1 Frequency of Arrival Estimation -- 12.4.2 FDOA Estimation -- 12.4.3 Limitations of Frequency Estimation -- 12.5 GEOLOCATION PERFORMANCE -- 12.6 LIMITATIONS -- 12.7 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Chapter 13 Hybrid TDOA/FDOA -- 13.1 BACKGROUND -- 13.2 FORMULATION -- 13.3 SOLUTION -- 13.3.1 Numerically Tractable Solutions -- 13.3.2 Other Solutions -- 13.4 JOINT PARAMETER ESTIMATION -- 13.4.1 AOA Estimation -- 13.4.2 Joint Estimation of Time/Frequency Difference -- 13.4.3 Full Covariance Matrix -- 13.5 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS -- 13.6 LIMITATIONS -- 13.7 PROBLEM SET -- References -- Appendix A Probability and Statistics -- A.1 COMMON DISTRIBUTIONS -- A.1.1 Gaussian Random Variable -- A.1.2 Complex Gaussian Random Variable -- A.1.3 Chi-Squared Random Variable -- A.1.4 Noncentral Chi-Squared Random Variable.

A.1.5 Rayleigh Random Variable -- A.1.6 Rician Random Variable -- A.2 STUDENT'S T DISTRIBUTION -- A.3 RANDOM VECTORS -- A.3.1 Gaussian Random Vectors -- A.3.2 Complex Gaussian Random Vectors -- References -- Appendix B RF Propagation -- B.1 FREE-SPACE PROPAGATION -- B.2 TWO-RAY PROPAGATION -- B.3 FRESNEL ZONE -- B.4 KNIFE-EDGE DIFFRACTION -- B.5 OTHER MODELS -- B.6 URBAN SIGNAL PROPAGATION -- References -- Appendix C Atmospheric Absorption -- C.1 LOSSES DUE TO ABSORPTION BY GASES -- C.2 LOSSES DUE TO ABSORPTION BY RAIN -- C.3 LOSSES DUE TO ABSORPTION BY CLOUDS AND FOG -- C.4 STANDARD ATMOSPHERE -- C.5 WRAPPER FUNCTION -- C.6 ZENITH ATTENUATION -- C.7 MATLAB® TOOLBOXES AND MODEL FIDELITY -- References -- Appendix D System Noise -- D.1 ADDITIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE -- D.2 COLORED NOISE -- D.3 SKY NOISE -- D.3.1 Cosmic Noise -- D.3.2 Atmospheric Noise -- D.3.3 Ground Noise -- D.4 URBAN (MAN-MADE) NOISE -- References -- About the Author -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.