Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Sensation, Perception, and Attention.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contributors -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Foundations of Vision -- The Purpose of Vision -- Perception, Introspection, and Psychophysics -- Signal Detection Theory -- Characterizing Visual Sensitivity -- Why Vision Is a Hard Computational Problem -- Perception as Statistical Inference -- Functional Organization of the Visual System -- Retina -- Magnocellular, Parvocellular, and Koniocellular Pathways -- Lateral Geniculate Nucleus -- Primary Visual Cortex (V1) -- Extrastriate Visual Areas -- Higher Order Visual Areas -- Mechanisms Underlying Visual Perception -- Visual Feature Perception -- Neural Bases of Visual Feature Perception -- Visual Segmentation and Figure-Ground Perception -- Effects of Visual Context -- Visual Attention -- Attentional Modulation of Neural Responses -- Attending to Multiple Spatial Locations -- Attending to Visual Features -- Attending to Objects -- Sources of Top-Down Attentional Feedback -- Object Recognition -- Early Models of Object Recognition -- Deep Learning Models of Object Recognition -- Face Recognition and Subordinate-Level Discrimination -- Neural Mechanisms of Face Processing -- Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2: Audition -- Introduction -- The Problem -- Sound Measurement-The Peripheral Auditory System -- Frequency Selectivity and the Cochlea -- Amplitude Compression -- Neural Coding in the Auditory Nerve -- Feedback -- Sound Measurement-Modulation -- Subcortical Auditory Pathways -- Amplitude Modulation and the Envelope -- Modulation Tuning -- Primary Auditory Cortex -- Spectrotemporal Modulation Tuning -- Tonotopy -- Nonprimary Auditory Cortex -- Sound Source Perception -- Localization -- Pitch -- Loudness -- Auditory Scene Analysis -- Sound Segregation and Acoustic Grouping Cues -- Sequential Grouping -- Streaming.

Sound Texture -- Filling In -- Separating Sound Sources From the Environment -- The Future of Hearing Research -- References -- Chapter 3: Taste -- What Does Taste Do? -- The Omnivore's Dilemma -- Wisdom of the Body: An Early Solution to the Omnivore's Dilemma? -- Failure of Wisdom of the Body: Importance of Learning -- How Does Taste Work? -- Taste Buds -- Taste Papillae -- Localization of Taste Experience -- The Myth of the Tongue Map -- Ascending Taste Pathways and the Taste CNS -- Taste Qualities -- Ionic Stimuli: Salts and Acids -- Sweet and Bitter -- Are There More Than Four Basic Tastes? -- Nonoral Locations of Taste Receptors: Glutamate and Fatty Acid Receptors -- Coding of Taste Quality in the Nervous System -- What Is Flavor? -- How Taste Can Go Wrong: Clinical Pathologies -- Genetic Variation in Taste -- Taste Blindness -- Discovery of Supertasters -- When Do Taste and Flavor Fail to Contribute to Survival? -- References -- Chapter 4: Olfaction -- Introduction -- The Olfactory Stimulus -- Anatomy -- The Nose -- Chemosensory Systems -- Main Olfactory Epithelium -- Olfactory Bulb -- Central Olfactory System -- Summary -- Olfactory Coding -- Intensity -- Valence -- Organizing the Olfactory Stimuli -- Psychophysics -- Detection Thresholds -- Suprathreshold Odor Judgments -- Mixture Perception -- Individual Variation -- Machine Olfaction -- Multimodal Interactions -- Neural Plasticity -- Adaptation and Sensitization -- Cognition -- Odor Naming -- Memory -- Odor Hedonics -- Olfactory Dysfunction -- Types of Olfactory Dysfunction -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: The Neural Basis of Haptic Perception -- Introduction -- The Sense of Touch -- Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors and Associated Nerve Fibers -- Skin Mechanics and Afferent Branching -- Tactile Coding in the Somatosensory Nerve -- The Touch Pathways -- Tactile Coding in Cortex.

Parallels Between Vision and Touch -- Parallels Between Audition and Touch -- Affective Touch -- The Sense of Proprioception -- Proprioceptive Receptors and Their Associated Nerve Fibers -- The Cortical Basis of Proprioception -- Phenomenology of Proprioception -- Multimodal Integration and Stereognosis -- References -- Chapter 6: Attention -- Introduction -- Confronting Limitations -- Limitations Over Space -- Limitations Over Time -- Limitations in Mind -- Bug or Feature? -- Defining Attention -- Classical Definition -- Contemporary Definition -- Experimental Tasks -- Visual Search -- Competing Streams -- Orienting -- Taxonomical Considerations -- Purpose -- Sources -- Perceptual Trails -- Short-Term Goals -- Long-Term Experience -- Attributes -- Substrates -- Mechanisms of Attention -- Visual Spatial Attention -- Object-Based Attention -- Feature-Based Attention -- Attention Beyond Receptive-Field Properties -- Attention and Other Cognitive Domains -- Attention and Awareness -- Attention and Working Memory -- Attention and Motivation -- Applications -- Brain Health -- Education and Technology -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Music Perception -- Introduction -- Pitch -- Pitch Perception -- Modes of Pitch Processing -- Beyond Pitch: Timbre, Consonance, Expectancy, and Tonality -- Timbre -- Consonance/Dissonance -- Melodic Expectancies -- Tonality -- Time -- Beat Perception and Induction -- Grouping -- Pitch/Rhythm Interactions -- Event Hierarchies -- Musical Universals and the Evolution of Music -- Musical Universals -- Evolution of Music -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Color Vision -- Introduction -- Background Issues -- Recent/Emerging Trends -- Genes, Photopigments, and Trichromacy -- Color Opponency and Postreceptoral Processing -- Color and Cognition -- Contextual Effects on Color Appearance -- Calibrating Color Vision.

Material Perception -- Color Signals Involved in Other Visual Tasks -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Depth Perception -- Pictorial Depth Cues -- Occlusion -- Height in the Visual Field -- Image Size -- Texture -- Image Quality -- Binocular Depth Cues -- Eye Orientation -- A Choice of Coordinates -- Horizontal Disparity -- Vertical Disparity -- Active Depth Cues -- Combining Depth Cues -- Consistency -- Perceived Motion in Depth -- The Special Role of Distant Structures -- Size and Shape -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Motion Perception -- Introduction -- What Is Motion? -- A Brief History of Motion Perception Research -- Local Motion Analysis -- Motion Detectors -- Perception of Apparent Motion -- Direction Selectivity -- Speed Perception -- Global Motion Analysis -- Ambiguity of Local Motion Signals: The Aperture Problem -- Motion Integration -- Motion Segmentation -- Higher-Order Motion -- Motion and Position -- Motion Adaptation -- Motion in Three Dimensions -- Structure From Motion -- Motion in Depth -- Motion Parallax -- Optic Flow -- Biological Motion -- Motion Perception in the Context of Attention, Working Memory, Awareness, and Learning -- Attention -- Working Memory -- Awareness -- Learning -- Multisensory Motion Perception -- Motion Perception in Special Populations -- Akinetopsia -- Cortical Blindness -- Amblyopia -- Autism Spectrum Disorder -- Schizophrenia -- Aging -- Other Populations -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Perception and Action -- Introduction -- Background Issues -- Challenge #1: Action Is for Perception -- Challenge #2: Perception Depends on Action -- Challenge #3: Perception and Action Share a Common Currency -- Ideomotor Theory -- Nonchallenges to See-Think-Act -- Recent/Emerging Trends -- Action-Specific Account of Perception -- Hand Proximity -- Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 12: Perceptual Rhythms -- Introduction -- Is Perception Discrete or Continuous? -- A Brief History of Discrete Perception -- Discrete Perception: Reloaded -- Terminology -- Periodicities in Vision -- Nature of Evidence for Perceptual Rhythms -- Phase-Dependent Perception and Behavior -- Frequency-Dependent Perception -- Perceptual Echoes -- Behavioral Oscillations -- Illusory Flicker and Aliasing -- Summary: Perceptual Rhythms in Vision -- Periodicities in Other Modalities -- Auditory Domain -- Somatosensory Domain -- Cross-Modal Domain -- Conclusion: Perceptual Rhythms Everywhere? -- Current Limitations -- Effect Size and Negative Results -- Low-Frequency Bias -- Scarcity of Physiological Data -- Functional Advantages? -- Future Directions -- Taxonomy of Perceptual Rhythms -- Perceptual Rhythms and Overt Sampling -- Spatial Dimensions of Perceptual Rhythms -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 13: Visual Search -- Why Do We Search? -- The Binding Problem -- A Word About Architecture and Terminology -- Preattentive -- Spatially Selective Visual Attention -- Global Attention and Multiple Attentions -- Classic Visual Search Tasks: Stimuli and Methods -- Accuracy Methods -- RT Methods -- Eye Movement Methods -- Electrophysiological Measures -- Classic Visual Search Tasks: What Do the Data Tell Us? -- The Continuum of Search Efficiency -- What Are the Guiding Attributes? -- Mechanics of Feature Guidance -- Scene Guidance -- The Role of Memory in Visual Search -- Search Termination -- Target Prevalence -- Foraging Tasks -- Hybrid Search and Hybrid Foraging -- Modeling Approaches -- Looking Back and Looking Forward -- References -- Chapter 14: Multisensory Perception -- Introduction -- Did You Perceive Anything?" -- "What Did You Perceive? -- Visual Dominance Over Touch/Proprioception -- Visual Dominance Over the Perception of the Body.

Modeling Multisensory Integration.

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