Chloroplasts : Current Research and Future Trends.

Intro -- Contents -- Current Books of Interest -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1: Chloroplast Lipids -- Introduction -- Glycerolipids in chloroplasts -- Isoprenoid lipids in chloroplasts -- Conclusion -- Future trends -- 2: Assembly and Degradation of Pigment-binding Proteins -- Introduction -- The thylakoids of cyanobacteria and chloroplast -- Chlorophyll a-binding core complexes, PSI and PSII -- The outer antenna complexes - the LHC family -- Assembly of photosystem II core complex -- Assembly of photosystem I core complex -- Retrograde signalling -- Degradation of chlorophyll-binding proteins -- Concluding remarks and future trends -- 3: Structural and Functional Dynamics of the Thylakoid Membrane System -- Introduction -- Architecture of the thylakoid membrane -- Why do thylakoid membranes form grana? -- Macromolecular crowding in grana membranes - a challenge for diffusional processes -- Why is the grana diameter constant? -- Formation of protein arrays under diverse stress conditions - a mechanism to overcome diffusion limitation? -- Thylakoid membrane lipids determine protein assembly and function -- Light stress acclimation of thylakoids -- Low light acclimation of the thylakoid membrane -- High light acclimation of the thylakoid membrane -- Nutrient deficiencies affect thylakoid membrane structure and function -- Conclusions -- Future trends -- 4: Distinct Energetics and Regulatory Functions of the Two Major Cyclic Electron Flow Pathways in Chloroplasts -- Introduction -- The need for chloroplast energy balance -- Energy balance through activation of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF) -- Comparing the major pathways for CEF in vascular plants -- The CEF pathways in algae -- The haem ci pathway: possibilities and open questions -- Contribution of the CEF pathways to the plastid energy budget.

Conclusion: why are there multiple CEF pathways? -- Future trends -- 5: Modelling Electron and Proton Transport in Chloroplasts -- Introduction -- Photosynthetic electron transport and its regulation in chloroplasts -- General principles of computer simulation of electron transport in chloroplasts -- Quantum chemical modelling of proton-coupled electron transfer reactions -- Modelling the proton transport processes in chloroplasts -- Transthylakoid proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis -- Conclusions -- Future trends in modelling electron and proton transport in chloroplasts -- 6: New Players for Photoprotection and Light Acclimation -- Introduction -- Light-harvesting antennae-based mechanisms of photoprotection -- Alternative electron transport -- Photorespiration -- New proteins that scavenge or reduce the formation of 1O2 -- Sensing and responding to light quality -- Retrograde signals from plastid to nucleus -- Conclusions -- Future prospects -- 7: Photoinhibition and the Damage Repair Cycle of Photosystem II -- Introduction: response of photosystem II to excessive light -- Mechanism of photodamage to PSII -- Disassembly of the PSII complexes in reversible photoinhibition -- Degradation of the D1 protein in reversible photoinhibition -- De novo synthesis and insertion of the D1 protein to the D1-depleted PSII complex and reassembly of the PSII complex -- Aggregation of the D1 protein and neighbouring proteins in PSII irreversible photoinhibition -- Dynamic changes to the thylakoids under light stress -- Conclusions -- Future trends -- 8: Plastoglobules: Lipid Droplets at the Thylakoid Membrane -- Discovery of PG -- PG proteins and metabolic activities -- Future applications -- 9: Redox Regulation in Chloroplasts -- Introduction -- Oxidative Cys modifications inchloroplast proteins.

Regulation of proteins inchloroplasts by thiol redoxtransitions linked to thioredoxinand glutaredoxin -- The ferredoxin/thioredoxinsystem: a light-dependent redoxmechanism regulating Calvin-Benson cycle and associatedenzymes in chloroplasts -- Trx-redox regulation beyond theCalvin-Benson and oxidativepentose phosphate pathways -- Light/dark versus oxidativeregulation -- Specificity for thioredoxin -- Regulation by glutathionylation -- Conclusions -- Future trends -- 10: The Transporters of Plastids - New Insights into an Old Field -- Introduction -- Establishment of endosymbiosis and the role of transporters -- Newly discovered transporters and their functions -- Ion transport processes, recent discoveries and future directions -- Conclusions -- Future trends -- 11: The GreenCut - Functions and Relationships of Proteins Conserved in Green Lineage Organisms -- Introduction: brief history of photosynthesis and the study of chloroplasts -- The GreenCut: proteins conserved among green lineage organisms -- Evolutionary perspective -- GreenCut2 functional categories -- The unknowns -- Perspectives - beyond the GreenCut2 -- Index.

This authoritative book reflects the diversity of the research field on chloroplast biology ranging from the biophysical principles of energy conversion over metabolic regulation and ion transport to identification of unique plastid proteins by the systems-biology based green cut project. The chapters are written by renowned experts in their fields and provide state-of-the-art overviews of their current research. Each chapter ends with a section on future trends that projects where the research could be in the next five to ten years. The book is recommended to readers seeking an overview on chloroplast biology as well as scientists looking for detailed up-to-date information.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.