Probiotics and Prebiotics : Current Research and Future Trends.

Intro -- Contents -- Current Books of Interest -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I: General Introduction -- 1: Probiotics and Prebiotics: Current Status and Future Trends -- Definition of pro-, pre-, syn-, post- and other -biotics -- Synbiotics -- Recent applications of pro- and prebiotics, alone or in combination -- Pitfalls -- Future trends -- 2: Functional Aspects of Prebiotics and the Impact on Human Health -- Introduction -- The colonic microbiota and its functions -- The prebiotic concept -- Prebiotic modulation of the microbiota composition -- Prebiotic mechanisms -- Health implications associated to prebiotics -- Future needs to substantiate prebiotic functionality -- Conclusion -- Part II: Probiotics -- 3: Lactobacilli as Probiotics: Discovering New Functional Aspects and Target Sites -- Introduction -- The genus Lactobacillus -- Probiotic effector molecules -- Effects of genetic, processing, or product formulation changes on efficacy and safety of probiotics -- Novel applications -- Deleterious effects -- Future perspectives -- 4: Bifidobacteria - Regulators of Intestinal Homeostasis -- Introduction -- Genomics of Bifidobacterium -- Ecology of bifidobacteria -- Health benefits of bifidobacteria -- Interactions between bifidobacteria and the host -- Industrial-scale production of bifidobacteria -- Conclusions and future perspectives -- 5: Propionibacteria also have Probiotic Potential -- Introduction: description of propionibacteria -- Propionibacterium as human and animal probiotics -- Other relevant properties with impact on health: potential of propionibacteria as nutraceutical factories -- Industrial application of propionibacteria: dairy starters and biopreservatives -- Future trends and concluding remarks -- 6: Non-LAB Probiotics: Spore Formers -- Spore formers -- Spore formation -- Spore structure.

Aerobic spore formers are intestinal bacteria -- Aerobic spore formers interact with intestinal cells -- Probiotic spore formers -- Probiotics for human use: examples and reported effects -- Probiotics for animal use: examples and reported effects -- Future trends -- 7: Mechanisms of Action of Probiotic Yeasts -- Beneficial effects of probiotic yeasts as demonstrated by biological and clinical trials -- Mechanisms of action responsible for beneficial effects of probiotic yeasts -- Conclusion -- Future perspectives -- 8: Yeasts as Probiotics - Established in Animals, but what about Man? -- What are probiotic microorganisms? -- Animal applications: from feed to probiotic -- Rodents as model monogastrics for the study of probiotic mechanisms -- Fractionated probiotic yeast products and animal health -- Yeast probiotics in man -- 9: Escherichia coli - More than a Pathogen? -- Pathogenic E. coli - one pathogen for a broad variety of pathotypes and diseases -- Commensal E. coli: the peacefully inhabitant of vertebrate gut - friends or foe? -- Probiotic E. coli - wolf in sheep's clothing? -- Conclusion and future trends -- 10: The Paradoxical Role of Enterococcus Species in Foods -- Just a general overview about Enterococcus -- The good side of enterococci … -- To be good or bad is not only a question of reputation -- Concluding remarks and future perspectives -- 11: Use of rec LABs: Good Bugs to Deliver Molecules of Health Interest: From Mouse to Man -- Choosing the bacteria -- Choosing the expression system -- Choosing the plasmid -- Choosing the location of expressed proteins -- Choosing the containment -- Clinical trials -- Lactic acid bacteria as DNA delivery vehicles -- Future trends -- Conclusion -- 12: The Indigenous Microbiota and its Potential to Exhibit Probiotic Properties -- Our indigenous microbiota: definition and composition.

How to study the microbiota -- The microbiota: our best companion -- Diseases of microbiota: a break in the homeostasis -- Future trends: could probiotics be indigenous? -- 13: Improving the Digestive Tract Robustness of Probiotic Lactobacilli -- Gastrointestinal tract robustness -- Genetic markers for quantitative, sequence based in situ strain-tracking -- Stress responses and improving robustness -- Future directions -- 14: Biology of Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants in Lactic Acid Bacteria -- Introduction -- Production and toxicity of reactive oxygen species -- Antioxidant enzymes and scavenging strategies -- Importance of O2 tolerance in LAB and its industrial applications -- Antioxidant properties of probiotic LAB -- Conclusion and future perspectives -- Part III: Prebiotics -- 15: Functional Aspects of the Endogenous Microbiota that Benefit the Host -- Gut microbiota -- Functional aspects of the gut microbiota in health and disease -- Future trends -- 16: Studying the Microbiota and Microbial Ecology of the GI Tract in the Omics Era: Tools for Stools -- Introduction -- Methodologies for studying the human gut microbiota -- State of play: the colonic microbiome in all its complexity -- Conclusions -- 17: Metagenomics of the Gut Microbiota as a Tool for Discovery of New Probiotics and Prebiotics -- The gut microbiota as a hidden controller of human health -- The preventative role of prebiotics in metabolic diseases -- The development of metagenomics from genomics -- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) -- Information limit for rich data -- Structure and function of the healthy human microbiome (learning from HMP data) -- 16S rRNA-based community-level phylogenetic analysis -- Functional metagenomics -- Metagenome analysis workflow -- Comparative metagenomics -- Challenges in current metagenomics and future perspectives.

18: Emerging Applications of Established Prebiotics: Promises Galore -- Introduction -- Established roles of prebiotics -- Emerging roles -- Novel potential prebiotics production from unconventional sources and their optimization -- Future directions and concluding remarks -- 19: Prebiotics: Technological Aspects and Human Health -- Introduction -- Prebiotics -- Conclusion -- Future perspectives -- 20: New and Tailored Prebiotics - Established Applications -- Introduction -- New and tailored prebiotics -- Future trends -- Conclusion -- 21: Immunomodulating Effects of Prebiotics and Fibres -- Introduction -- Direct effects of fibres on immune cells -- Indirect effects of fibres - prebiotic effects -- Adverse effects of fibres -- In vivo studies - any evidence for an in vivo effect? -- Conclusions and future perspectives -- 22: Prebiotics Beyond Fibres -- Introduction: scope and definitions -- Emerging prebiotics beyond fibres -- Limitations -- Future trends -- 23: Synbiotics - More than just the Sum of Pro- and Prebiotics? -- Probiotics and prebiotics -- Synbiotics -- Future trends -- Part IV: Clinical and Medical Aspects of Pro- and Prebiotics -- 24: Pro- and Prebiotics: the Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity -- Introduction -- Gut microbiota and energy balance -- Prebiotics -- Probiotics -- Future perspectives -- 25: The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Brain Function -- Introduction to microbe-gut-brain interactions -- Mechanistic pathways -- Various disorders of brain function related to gut microbiota -- Conclusion -- Future trends/perspectives -- 26: Infant Development, Currently the Main Applications of Probiotics and Prebiotics? -- Introduction -- Gut microbiota acquisition in infants -- Association between gut microbiota composition and health status -- Beneficial bacteria in the newborn gut -- Probiotics and their paediatric use.

Prebiotics and their paediatric use -- Conclusion and future trends -- 27: Pro- and Prebiotics in Management of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- Introduction -- Probiotics -- Prebiotics and their role as therapeutic agents -- Conclusion and future perspectives -- 28: Pro- and Prebiotics for Oral Health -- Introduction -- Replacement therapy versus bacteriotherapy -- Oral biofilms in health and disease -- Mechanisms of action -- Vehicles, dose and safety -- Prebiotics and oral health -- Probiotics and oral health -- Future trends and some unanswered questions -- Summary -- 29: Cholesterol-lowering Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics -- Introduction -- In vitro and in vivo evidence -- Mechanisms of actions -- Controversies: two sides of a coin -- Cholesterol-related disorders: alleviation by probiotics and prebiotics -- Future perspective for cholesterol-reducing probiotics -- Conclusions -- 30: Perspectives on Differences Between Human and Livestock Animal Research in Probiotics and Prebiotics -- Introduction -- Digestive physiology and microbiology -- Host specific experimental constraints -- Probiotic and prebiotic functionality in humans and livestock -- Future perspectives -- Concluding remarks -- 31: The Use of Probiotics to Enhance Animal Performance -- Probiotics for swine -- Probiotics for poultry -- Probiotics for aquaculture -- Probiotics for ruminants -- 32: Pharmaceutical Aspects of Probiotics and Prebiotics -- Introduction -- Probiotics -- Prebiotics -- Probiotics vs prebiotics: what to prefer -- Future perspectives: what needs to be done -- Part V: Future Perspectives -- 33: Future Possibilities for Pro- and Prebiotics: Is the Sky the Limit? -- Introduction -- Relatively unexplored areas for pro- and prebiotics -- Appendix I: Web Resources -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7.

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With state-of-the-art commentaries on all aspects of probiotics and prebiotics research, this book provides an authoritative and timely overview of the field. Written by leading international researchers, each chapter affords a critical insight to a particular topic, reviews current research, discusses future direction and aims to stimulate discussion. Topics range from the different microorganisms used as probiotics (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, yeast, etc) and techniques and approaches used (metagenomics, etc) to the reviews of the clinical and medical aspects. The provision of extensive reference sections positively encourages readers to pursue each subject in greater detail. Containing 33 chapters, the book is an invaluable source of information and essential reading for everyone working with probiotics, prebiotics and the gut microbiota, from the PhD student to the experienced scientist, in academia, the pharmaceutical or biotechnology industries and working in clinical environments.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.