Antibiotics : Current Innovations and Future Trends.

Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Current Books of Interest -- Preface -- 1: What is an Antibiotic? -- Introduction -- The etymology of the word antibiotic -- Disinfectants and related compounds -- Chemotherapeutic agents, magic bullets and selective toxicity -- The long shadow of Selman Waksman and synthetic antibiotics -- Antibiotic resistance and the emergence of 'antibacterial' as a synonym for 'antibiotic' -- Selective toxicity, lexicography and the evolving definition of antibiotic -- Why worry about definitions? -- Summary -- 2: Main Applications of Antibiotics -- Introduction -- Antibiotics for treatment of infectious diseases -- Further discussion -- Conclusion and future perspectives -- 3: Microorganisms Producing Antibiotics -- The antibiotic producers and antibiotic functions -- The numbers of antibiotic-producing microbes -- Chemical diversity -- Biodiversity -- The way ahead -- Epilogue -- 4: The Need for New Antibiotics -- The antibiotic crisis -- Antibiotic resistance -- Emergence of new diseases -- Lack of new drugs -- Why drug discovery has dropped -- Lack of new antibiotics -- Natural products versus synthetics as drugs -- Possible solutions to the problem -- 5: Tackling Antibiotic Resistance -- Introduction -- Preparation of new vaccines against resistant bacterial strains -- Search for new antibiotics -- Newly approved antibiotics and antibiotics in the pipeline -- Search for new antibiotics from non-traditional or less traditional sources -- Microbial genome sequences - search for genes specifying biosynthesis of antibiotics -- Forgotten antibiotics to be revitalized -- New antibiotic targets -- Discussion and conclusions -- 6: Eradication of Dormant Pathogens -- Persisters and infectious disease -- Mechanisms of persister formation -- Persister eradication -- 7: Toxicity of Antibacterial Drugs -- Class effects.

Has genomics been misleading? -- Collateral damage -- What is 'safe enough'? -- Into the future: prophylaxis and precision medicine -- Conclusions -- 8: Overuse of Antibiotics: Non-medical Applications -- Introduction -- Antibiotic resistance - evolution and drivers -- Problem: overuse of antibiotics in agriculture -- Overuse of antibiotics leads to environmental contamination -- Antibiotic overuse in international travel and trade -- Conclusion -- 9: Antibiotics for Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases -- Introduction -- Antiparasitic antibiotics -- Antiviral antibiotics -- Anti-pathogenic E. coli antibiotics -- Conclusions -- 10: Endophytes as a Potential Source of New Antibiotics -- Introduction -- Endophyte definition -- Distribution in the plant -- Biological properties -- Pharmaceutical importance of endophytes -- Endophytes as producers of the same metabolites as the host plant -- Antibiotics from endophytic microorganisms -- Potential agricultural uses of endophytic secondary metabolites -- Volatile organic compounds are potentially important for biocontrol and control of fruit post-harvest diseases -- Compounds with antibiotic activity chemically derived from natural endophytic secondary metabolites -- Current situation and compounds undergoing clinical evaluation -- Conclusions -- 11: Antibiotics from Microorganisms from Hot Springs/Geysers -- Introduction -- Need for new bioactive compounds and biodiversity -- Hot springs, geysers and microbes -- Hot spring sample collections and isolation of microbes -- Antibiotic-producing bacteria -- Fusaricidin B -- Other compounds from hot spring microbes -- Future scope -- 12: New Sources of Antibiotics: Caves -- From oceans to caves -- Microbes found in caves and their potential -- More rooms to explore in caves -- Summary -- 13: Animal Venoms as Natural Sources of Antimicrobials -- Introduction.

Snake venom and its diverse molecules -- Therapeutic values of snake venom molecules (SVM) -- Antimicrobial potency of snake venom molecules -- In vitro antimicrobial effects of SVM -- In vivo antimicrobial efficacy of SVM -- Wound healing and inflammatory cytokines -- Structure-activity relationships of AMPs -- Mechanism of action employed by antibiotic peptides -- Snake venoms as new sources of antibiotics -- Present challenges and development -- Conclusion -- 14: New Targets for Antibacterial Compounds -- Introduction -- Defining 'target' -- Resistance potential and how it influences target choice -- Validation of targets and inhibitors -- New compounds for old targets -- Progress on single target inhibitors -- The 'promise' of combinations -- Metabolic targets -- Anti-virulence targets -- Conclusions -- 15: Novel Antimicrobial and Other Bioactive Metabolites Obtained from Silent Gene Clusters -- Silent and/or cryptic gene clusters -- Classical approaches to trigger low expression secondary metabolite gene clusters -- New products from remodelled pathways -- New products from engineered ribosome strains -- Modification of wide-domain regulators and quorum sensing systems -- New products obtained by alteration of cross-pathways regulation -- Challenging by co-cultivation with other organisms -- Chromatin remodelling: epigenetic modifiers -- Conclusions, remarks and perspectives -- 16: Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Antibiotic Discovery -- Introduction -- Combinatorial biosynthesis of polyketides -- Combinatorial biosynthesis of non-ribosomal peptides -- Future perspectives in combinatorial biosynthesis: challenges and opportunities -- 17: Lantibiotics and Other Antibacterial Peptides -- Introduction -- Chemistry, occurrence and biosynthesis of lanthipeptides -- Mechanism of action of lantibiotics -- Lantibiotics in development -- Outlook.

18: Antiviral Compounds of Natural Origin -- Introduction -- New antivirals: production and development -- Natural antiviral drugs -- Antivirals extracted from algae -- Additional sources of natural antiviral compounds -- 19: New Compounds with Antibacterial Activity -- Introduction -- Activation of bacterial autolysins -- Lysostaphin -- Lysozymes and related proteins -- Laccase-type enzymes -- Antimicrobial metallopeptides -- Non-lysostaphin proteases, protease inhibitors and phospholipases -- Non-enzymatic antibacterials: glycans -- Antibacterial nanoparticles -- 20: Use of Antibiotic Core Structures to Generate New and Useful Macrolide Antibiotics -- Introduction -- History of macrolide class of antibiotics -- The third-generation macrolides -- Designing the ketolides (third generation macrolides) -- Other ketolides -- The hurdle for new macrolide development after telithromycin -- Improving efficacy and retaining safety -- Characterization of the mechanism of toxicity of telithromycin -- Modifications may have altered the mode of action -- The fourth generation macrolide, solithromycin -- Non-antibiotic uses of macrolides -- Conclusion -- 21: Antibiotics in the Pipeline -- Introduction -- Overcoming challenges associated with antibiotic development -- Innovative antibiotic therapy -- Conclusion -- Index.

In this timely book respected international experts summarize the most important research to provide a timely overview of the field. Opening chapters define 'antibiotic', explain why we need new compounds, outline the applications of antibiotics, both old and new, and describe the producing microbes. These are followed by chapters that cover antibiotic resistance, toxicity, overuse, new antimicrobial sources, new targets, novel technologies for antibiotic discovery (e.g. silent gene clusters), lantibiotics, natural antivirals, new macrolide derivatives, and antibiotics in the pipeline. This book is essential reading for everyone working in antimicrobial research in academia, biotechnology companies, and the pharmaceutical industry and a recommended volume for all microbiology libraries.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.