Instability in the Middle East : Structural Changes and Uneven Modernisation 1950-2015.
Material type:
- text
- computer
- online resource
- 9788024631912
- 303.40956
- GN635.N42.C476 2017
Cover -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION: CHRONIC INSTABILITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST -- Modernisation as the cause of instability in the Middle East - too slow or too fast? -- Creating an alternative theoretical model: uneven modernisation and its context -- A new theoretical model of modernisation in the Middle East -- Four possible macro comparisons of the Middle Eastern pattern of modernisation -- Operationalisation of the model of uneven modernisation and sources of empirical data -- From the macro-level of structures to the micro-level of actors and their actions: mechanisms of destabilisation -- Methodological, terminological and personal observations -- POLITICAL MODERNISATION: WEAK AND AUTHORITARIAN STATES -- Frozen political modernisation in an international comparison: the democratic deficit -- Regional comparison: the democratic deficit of Middle Eastern regimes -- The second dimension of political modernisation: a weak state and a governance deficit -- The character of Middle East regimes and the character of political repertoires of contention -- Political regimes and political repertoires: a weak authoritarian state, revolution and terrorism -- (1) The birth of political actors: mass political participation and rigid political systems -- (2) The discrepancy between preferences and reality: the desire for democracy, prosperity and conservative morals -- (3) The discrediting of unscrupulous dictators, the invention of tradition and the moralising drive of Islam -- (5) The current conflict as a continuation of history -- (6) The decline of secular doctrines: an ideological vacuum and Islam as an alternative -- (7) The chronic crisis of the legitimacy of regimes: the career of Middle Eastern ideologies -- (8) The turn to religion: official Islam and the risky strategy of regimes.
(9) Domesticated clerics and the decline of the traditional religious authorities -- (10) Oil rent, the power pyramid and the socio-economic alienation of regimes -- (11) The cultural alienation of westernised regimes: cultural decolonisation -- (12) Clientelism and the alienation of the regime from the rest of the population -- (13) Military clientele: co-opting of the army, polarisation of society -- (14) Terrorism as the continuation of politics by other means -- ECONOMIC MODERNISATION: VOLATILE AND DISTORTED -- Oil rent and distorted economic development: the Dutch disease -- International comparison: the Middle East and other macroregions -- Regional comparison of Middle Eastern countries: a two-speed region -- Rapid economic development as a possible factor in political destabilisation -- The model's application to the post-colonial Arab world: oil rent versus neoliberal reforms -- The international context: the food crisis and political destabilisation -- POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE MIDDLE EAST AND ITS ABANDONED YOUNG PEOPLE -- International comparison: the Middle East and other world macroregions -- Regional comparison: a comparison of Middle Eastern countries -- Young people caught in the trap of uneven modernisation: divergence in the rate of demographic, economic and political change -- A historical comparison of the demographic revolution: Europe past and the Middle East present -- (1) Rebellious youth: identity crisis, intergenerational conflict and adolescence -- (2) The leisure of the "Arab street": a blessing or a curse? -- (3) The attitudes and aspirations of young people on the eve of revolution: the conflict between hopes and reality -- (4) A lost generation: the population dynamic versus a collapsing labour market -- (5) Demographic marginalisation and the marriage crisis.
(6) The generational alienation of the power elite: the old cadres versus the young population -- (7) The uneven population growth of different groups within a heterogeneous state -- THE MEDIA REVOLUTION: THE MIDDLE EAST AS A RELIGIOUS MARKETPLACE -- The media revolution: an international and regional comparison -- The media revolution: a historical comparison. Modernisation in the era of the global village -- (1) The birth of public opinion: the masses discover politics -- (2) The mobilisation and coordination of collective action: the case of the Arab Spring -- (3) A shrinking world I: consumer aspirations and the revolution of growing expectations -- (4) A shrinking world II: visible domestic inequality -- (5) A shrinking world III: the Turkish model and other reference countries -- (6) The shrinking Arab world: the democratising effect of Al-Jazeera and the revolutionary domino -- (7) The media at the service of opposition political Islam -- (8) The religious market and the erosion of traditional authorities: the struggle over how to interpret Islam -- (9) Pluralism and fundamentalism -- THE EXPANSION OF EDUCATION: THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE "LUMPENINTELLIGENTSIA" -- The development of education: an international comparison -- Regional comparison of the development of education in Middle Eastern countries -- (1) Educational problems: poor quality and growing inequality as evidence of the failure of regimes -- (2) The awakening of political awareness and the failing Middle Eastern panopticon -- (3) The boomerang effect of religious education: the Islamic revival and a culture of interpretation -- (4) Secondary school political chemistry: the reaction of disgruntled teachers and students -- (5) Universities as centres of opposition.
(6) The battle over the interpretation of Islam: the loss of the monopoly of traditional authorities and the arrival of new interpreters -- (7) Counter-productive reactions on the part of regimes: I speak in the name of Islam - I have power -- (8) The westernised mindset and the creolisation of Islam: Western ideology and the invention of tradition -- (9) Growth in aspirations and the unemployed "lumpen-intelligentsia" -- (10) The alienation and radicalisation of the intelligentsia -- THE BOOM IN MEGACITIES: A WHIRLWIND OF URBANISATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST -- Urbanisation Middle Eastern-style: international and historical comparison -- Urbanisation and uneven modernisation -- Urbanisation and (non)secularisation: European past, Middle Eastern present -- (1) Unmanageable urbanisation: discredited regimes and their doctrine of development -- (2) Spatial concentration: the potential for political agitation, organisation and mobilisation -- (3) Urban unemployment: voluntary simplicity instead of revolution? -- (4) Shrinking of the social world: visible inequality and the resistance of socially sensitive Islam -- (5) Urban and rural poverty: new reference groups, new aspirations -- (6) Islamic charity and civil society: the urban middle classes and the poor as clients -- (7) The crisis of the overburdened urbanised family: the conservative reaction -- (8) A threatening urban environment and Islamic feminism -- (9) Intergenerational alienation: the decline in the authority of rural parents and the search for surrogates -- (10) Radicalisation of the second and third generation of migrants -- (11) The city as the modern jahiliyyah: the epitome of moral turpitude -- (12) The traditional bipolarity of urban and rural Islam: a disturbed balance -- (13) Peasants into Islamists: socialising functions and surrogate rural communities.
(14) From folk to political Islam: ideological functions and an orientation for the disoriented -- CONCLUSION -- Four macro-comparisons of modernisation patterns and chronic instability in the Middle East -- Mechanisms of destabilisation: from macro to micro, from structures to actors -- REFERENCES -- LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES -- INDEX.
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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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