Ableism : the Causes and Consequences of Disability Prejudice.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Chapter 1 Introduction: Defining Ableism -- The Largest Minority Group: Who Qualifies? -- Ableism Defined -- Ongoing Disparities: Institutionalized Ableism -- Historical Approaches to the Study of Disability Prejudice -- Chapter 2. The Evolutionary and Existential Origins of Ableism -- Chapter 3. Justifying Ableism: Ideologies and Language -- Chapter 4. Cultural and Impairment‐Specific Stereotypes -- Chapter 5. Hostile, Ambivalent, and Paternalistic Attitudes and Interactions -- Chapter 6. Contending with Ableism from Internalized Ableism to Collective Action -- Chapter 7. Interventions to Reduce Prejudice -- Chapter 8. Beyond Contact: Promoting Social Change and Disability Justice -- Identifying Assumptions and Calling for Action -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 The Evolutionary and Existential Origins of Ableism -- The Basics of Evolutionary Theory -- Evolutionary Origins of Prejudice: Disease Avoidance -- Evidence of Disease Avoidance as a Primary Determinant of Disability Prejudice -- Under what conditions are contagion fears most likely to be expressed and by whom? -- Are Contagion Fears More Likely to Be Expressed Toward Particular Disabled People? -- Critique of Evolutionary Accounts of Disability Prejudice -- Existential Fears of Becoming Disabled -- Disabled People Violate Dominant Cultural Beliefs -- Terror Management Theory -- TMT and Disability Prejudice -- Dehumanization and Disability Hate Crimes -- When Are Existential Sources of Prejudice Most Likely? -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Justifying Ableism: Ideologies and Language -- Justification Ideologies -- Social Darwinism and the American Eugenics Movement -- Consequences of Social Darwinism and the New Eugenics -- Social Dominance and System Justification Theories.

Political Conservatism, Protestant Work Ethic, Meritocracy, and Individualism -- Just-World Beliefs and Attributions of Blame, Responsibility, and Cause -- The Ideological Construction of Disability -- The Moral Model of Disability -- The Biomedical or Individual Model of Disability -- Socio-Political/Minority Model of Disability -- Disability Model Comparisons and Implications -- Language: Communicating and Maintaining System‐Justifying Ideologies -- Disability Markers, Labels, and Metaphors -- Contemporary and Clashing Ideologies: The Language of Media Portrayals -- Resistance, Backlash and Humor in Disrupting the Status Quo -- Summary -- Note -- References -- Chapter 4 Cultural and Impairment-Specific Stereotypes -- Impairment-Specific Stereotypes -- Physical Impairments -- Sensory Impairments -- Learning, Developmental, and Intellectual Impairments -- Psychiatric Conditions -- Impairment Group Comparisons -- The Origins of Cultural Stereotypes About Disability -- Preliminary Evidence for Global Disability Stereotypes -- Evidence for Cross‐Impairment/GlobalDisability Stereotypes -- Comparing Stereotypes About Disabled Men and Disabled Women -- Comparing Stereotypes About Nondisabled Menand Nondisabled Women -- Disability Stereotypes as Diagnostic Tools -- Implications for the Use of Disability Stereotypes -- Disability Stereotypic Judgments -- Disability Stereotypic Behaviors -- Implicit Stereotyping: The Automatic Operation of Disability Stereotypes -- Stereotype Preservation: Biases that Maintain Overgeneralized Beliefs -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Hostile, Ambivalent, and Paternalistic Attitudes and Interactions -- Historical Approaches to Capturing Attitudes about Disability -- Traditional Disability Attitude Scales -- Impairment-Specific Hierarchies -- Attitudes Toward Disability Rights and Employment.

Benevolent or Positive Disability Attitudes -- Theoretical Approaches to Ambivalent or Mixed Attitudes About Disability -- Ambivalence: Situational Factors Affect the Direction of Reactions -- Ambivalence: Perceiver Expectations and Motives Affect the Direction of Reactions -- Ambivalence: Disability Characteristics Affect the Direction of Reactions -- The Stereotype Content Model: Implications of Competency and Warmth -- Pity And Paternalistic Prejudice -- Behavioral Manifestations of Pity and Other Ambivalent Emotions -- The Implications of Being Incompetent and Cold -- Consequences of Other Stereotype Combinations -- Modern Approaches to Measuring Disability Prejudice -- The Implicit Associations Test (IAT) -- Evidence of Implicit Attitudes Toward Disabled People -- The Pros and Cons of Implicit Prejudice Research -- Implications for Social Interaction: Manifestations of Ableism -- Divergent Perspectives -- Verbal and Nonverbal Mismatches and Mixed Messages -- Self-Fulfilling Prophecies -- References -- Chapter 6 Contending with Ableism from Internalized Ableism to Collective Action -- Discrimination's Toll on Well‐Being -- Health Effects -- Achievement Effects -- Self-Esteem Effects -- How Does Ableism Affect Disabled People? -- Invisible Disability: A Lonely Road -- Coping with Benevolent Ableism: Being a Visible Target for Others' Good Intentions -- Coping with Ableism: The Central Role of Disability Identity -- Social Mobility Strategies -- Social Creativity and Social Change Strategies -- Who Uses Which Coping Strategies? -- Impairment Factors -- Psychological Identification -- Beliefs About Social Change -- Consequences of Coping Strategies -- Consequences of Social Mobility -- Consequences of Social Creativity and Social Change for Well‐Being -- Directions for Future Research -- Summary -- Note -- References.

Chapter 7 Interventions to Reduce Prejudice -- Part I. Reducing Prejudice Through Direct and Indirect Contact -- Direct Contact: Lessons from Other Social Groups -- Direct Contact with Disabled People: Impairment‐Specific Groups -- Indirect or Mediated Contact with Disabled People and Other Groups -- Comparing Direct, Indirect, and Informational Forms of Disability Contact -- Factors Moderating the Effects of Contact -- When Contact Backfires -- How Contact Works: Stereotype Change as a Mediator of Prejudice Reduction -- Part II. Categorical Framing Approaches -- De-categorization and "Colorblind" Approaches -- Cross-Cutting, Integrative, and Universalizing Approaches -- Multicultural Approaches to Diversity -- Comparing Multicultural and Colorblind Approaches: What Works When? -- Moderating Influences on Diversity Ideologies -- Part III. Empathy Inductions and Experiential Simulations -- Perspective-Taking Interventions -- Interactive Disability, Aging, and Psychiatric Simulations -- Summarizing and Comparing Prejudice‐Reduction Interventions -- Note -- References -- Chapter 8 Beyond Contact: Promoting Social Change and Disability Justice -- The Disability Rights Movement Actions and Accomplishments -- The Evolution of the Disability Rights Movement -- Collective Action Precursors and Tactics -- Changing the Normative Landscape Through Confrontation: Allies in the Fight for Change -- Confronting Others to Reduce Prejudice: What Works? -- The Role of Allies in Challenging Prejudice and Creating New Normative Standards -- Disability and Disability-Directed Advocacy -- Precursors to Effective Disability-Directed Advocacy -- Disability-Directed Advocacy: An Agenda for the Future -- Building Coalitions -- Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations -- What Does Ableism Look like? -- What Are the Causes of Ableism, and How Are These Perpetuated?.

How Do Disabled People Respond to Ableism -- How Do Responses Affect Well‐Being? -- What Works to Reduce Ableism, Promote Understanding, and Increase Equality? -- What Research Questions Remain Unanswered for a Future Research Agenda? -- References -- Appendix: Summary of Future Research Questions -- Chapter 2: The Evolutionary and Existential Origins of Ableism -- Chapter 3: Justifying Ableism: Ideologies and Language -- Chapter 4: Cultural and Impairment‐Specific Stereotypes -- Chapter 5: Hostile, Ambivalent, and Paternalistic Attitudes and Interactions -- Chapter 6: Contending with Ableism from Internalized Ableism to Collective Action -- Chapter 7: Interventions to Reduce Prejudice -- Chapter 8: Beyond Contact: Promoting Social Change and Disability Justice -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.