Insect Biodiversity : Science and Society, Volume 1.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword, Second Edition -- Preface, First Edition -- Preface, Second Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2 The Importance of Insects -- 2.1 Diversity -- 2.2 Ecological Role -- 2.3 Effects on Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Human Health -- 2.4 Insects and Advances in Science -- 2.4.1 Biomechanics -- 2.4.2 Genetics -- 2.4.3 Developmental Biology -- 2.4.4 Evolution -- 2.4.5 Physiology -- 2.4.6 Ecology -- 2.4.7 Paleolimnology and Climate Change -- 2.5 Insects and the Public -- References -- Part I Insect Biodiversity: Regional Examples -- Chapter 3 Insect Biodiversity in the Nearctic Region -- 3.1 Influence of Insect Biodiversity on Society in the Nearctic Region -- 3.2 Insect Conservation -- 3.3 Species Diversity and the State of Knowledge -- 3.3.1 Assembling the Data -- 3.3.2 Synopsis of Biodiversity -- 3.3.3 State of Knowledge -- 3.4 Variations in Biodiversity -- 3.4.1 Regional Variation -- 3.4.2 Habitats -- 3.5 Conclusions and Needs -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Amazonian Rainforests and Their Richness and Abundance of Terrestrial Arthropods on the Edge of Extinction: Abiotic-Biotic Players in the Critical Zone -- 4.1 The Climatic Setting and Critical Zone Establishment -- 4.2 Characterization of Typical Lowland Rainforest Composition in the Western Basin -- 4.3 Sampling Arthropod Biodiversity in Amazonian Forests -- 4.4 Richness of Various Lineages and Guilds -- 4.5 General Patterns -- 4.6 Morphospecies Richness to Biodiversity -- 4.7 Beetles: Life Attributes Have Led to Contemporary Hyperdiversity -- 4.8 Summary and Guide to Future Research, or "Taking a Small Step into the Biodiversity Vortex" -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Insect Biodiversity in the Afrotropical Region.

5.1 What Do We Know about Afrotropical Insects? -- 5.2 An Information-Management Program -- 5.3 The Role of Insects in Ecosystem Processes and as Indicators of Environmental Quality - Dung Beetles as a Case Study -- 5.3.1 Dung Beetles as Indicators of Regional Biodiversity -- 5.3.2 Dung Beetles as Indicators of Habitat Transformation -- 5.4 Africa-Wide Pests and Training Appropriate Taxonomists - Fruit Flies as a Case Study -- 5.4.1 Invasive Species of Concern in Africa -- 5.4.2 African Indigenous Fruit Flies of Economic Importance -- 5.5 Sentinel Groups -- 5.5.1 Neuroptera -- 5.5.2 Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Biodiversity of Australasian Insects -- 6.1 Australasia - The Locale -- 6.2 Some Highlights of Australasian Insect Biodiversity -- 6.2.1 The Lord Howe Island Stick Insect -- 6.2.2 Australasian Birdwing Conservation -- 6.3 Drowning by Numbers? How Many Insect Species are in Australasia? -- 6.3.1 Australia -- 6.3.2 New Zealand (Aotearoa), Chatham Islands, and Subantarctic Islands -- 6.3.3 New Guinea -- 6.3.4 New Caledonia and the West Pacific -- 6.4 Australasian Insect Biodiversity - Overview and Special Elements -- 6.4.1 Australia -- 6.4.2 New Zealand -- 6.4.3 New Caledonia, New Guinea, and Melanesia -- 6.5 Threatening Processes to Australasian Insect Biodiversity -- 6.5.1 Land Clearance and Alteration -- 6.5.2 Introduced Animals -- 6.5.3 Climate Change -- 6.6 Australasian Biodiversity Conservation -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Insect Biodiversity in the Palearctic Region -- 7.1 Preface: Societal Importance of Biodiversity in the Palearctic Region -- 7.2 Introduction -- 7.3 Geographic Position, Climate, and Zonality -- 7.4 General Features of Palearctic Insect Biodiversity -- 7.5 Biodiversity of Some Insect Groups in the Palearctic.

7.6 Biodiversity of Insect Herbivores -- 7.7 Boundaries and Insect Biodiversity -- 7.8 Local Biodiversity -- 7.9 Insect Biodiversity and Habitats -- 7.10 Insect Biodiversity and the Mountains -- 7.11 Temporal Changes in Insect Biodiversity -- 7.12 Insect Diversity in Major Biogeographical Divisions of the Palearctic -- 7.12.1 Arctic (Circumpolar Tundra) Region -- 7.12.2 Forest Regions -- 7.12.3 Taiga -- 7.12.4 Nemoral European and Stenopean Forests -- 7.12.5 Hesperian and Orthrian Evergreen Forests -- 7.12.6 Steppe (Scythian) Region -- 7.12.7 Desert (Sethian) Region -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Insect Biodiversity: Taxon Examples -- Chapter 8 Biodiversity of Aquatic Insects -- 8.1 Overview of Taxa -- 8.1.1 Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) -- 8.1.2 Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) -- 8.1.3 Stoneflies (Plecoptera) -- 8.1.4 Cockroaches (Blattodea) -- 8.1.5 Grasshoppers and Crickets (Orthoptera) -- 8.1.6 Earwigs (Dermaptera) -- 8.1.7 Lice (Phthiraptera) -- 8.1.8 Bugs (Hemiptera) -- 8.1.9 Wasps (Hymenoptera) -- 8.1.10 Hellgrammites and Alderflies (Megaloptera) -- 8.1.11 Nerve‐winged Insects (Neuroptera) -- 8.1.12 Scorpionflies (Mecoptera) -- 8.1.13 Beetles (Coleoptera) -- 8.1.14 Caddisflies (Trichoptera) -- 8.1.15 Moths (Lepidoptera) -- 8.1.16 Flies (Diptera) -- 8.2 Species Numbers -- 8.3 Societal Benefits and Risks -- 8.3.1 Societal Benefits of Aquatic Insect Diversity in Food Webs -- 8.3.2 Societal Benefits of Aquatic Insect Diversity in Biomonitoring -- 8.3.3 Societal Benefits of Aquatic Insect Diversity in Fishing -- 8.3.4 Societal Benefits of Aquatic Insect Diversity in Control of Noxious Weeds -- 8.3.5 Societal Risks of Aquatic Insects -- 8.4 Biodiversity Concerns for Aquatic Insects -- 8.4.1 Threats to Freshwater Species of Insects -- 8.4.2 Need for Biodiversity Discovery and Description of Aquatic Insects.

8.4.3 Need to Refine Definitions of Species of Aquatic Insects -- 8.4.4 Need for New Generation of Aquatic Entomologists -- References -- Chapter 9 Biodiversity of Diptera -- 9.1 Overview of Taxa -- 9.1.1 Lower Diptera -- 9.1.2 Brachycera -- 9.1.2.1 Lower Brachycera -- 9.1.2.2 Empidoidea -- 9.1.2.3 Lower Cyclorrhapha -- 9.1.2.4 Non-calyptrate Schizophora -- 9.1.2.5 Calyptratae -- 9.2 Societal Importance -- 9.2.1 Diptera as Plant Pests (Agriculture, Silviculture, and Floriculture) -- 9.2.2 Medical and Veterinary Importance -- 9.2.2.1 Disease transmission -- 9.2.2.2 Myiasis -- 9.2.3 Invasive Alien Diptera -- 9.2.4 Diptera as a General Nuisance -- 9.2.5 Diptera in Biological Control -- 9.2.6 Pollination -- 9.2.7 Other Ecological Services (Scavengers and Decomposers) -- 9.3 Diptera of Forensic, Medicolegal, and Medical Importance -- 9.4 Diptera as Model Organisms and Research Tools -- 9.4.1 Physiology and Genetics -- 9.4.2 Technology -- 9.5 Diptera in Conservation -- 9.5.1 Bioindicators -- 9.5.2 Vanishing Species -- 9.6 Diptera as Part of Our Cultural Legacy -- References -- Chapter 10 Biodiversity of Heteroptera -- 10.1 Overview of the Heteroptera -- 10.1.1 Euheteroptera -- 10.1.1.1 Infraorder Enicocephalomorpha -- 10.1.1.2 Infraorder Dipsocoromorpha -- 10.1.2 Neoheteroptera -- 10.1.2.1 Infraorder Gerromorpha -- 10.1.3 Panheteroptera -- 10.1.3.1 Infraorder Nepomorpha -- 10.1.3.2 Infraorder Leptopodomorpha -- 10.1.3.3 Infraorder Cimicomorpha -- 10.1.3.4 Infraorder Pentatomomorpha -- 10.2 The Importance of Heteropteran Biodiversity -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 Biodiversity of Coleoptera -- 11.1 Overview of Extant Taxa -- 11.1.1 Suborders Archostemata and Myxophaga -- 11.1.2 Suborder Adephaga -- 11.1.3 Suborder Polyphaga -- 11.1.3.1 Series Staphyliniformia -- 11.1.3.2 Series Scarabaeiformia -- 11.1.3.3 Series Elateriformia.

11.1.3.4 Series Derodontiformia -- 11.1.3.5 Series Bostrichiformia -- 11.1.3.6 Series Cucujiformia -- 11.2 Overview of Fossil Taxa -- 11.3 Societal Benefits and Risks -- 11.3.1 Beetles of Economic Importance -- 11.3.1.1 Negative Effects of Beetles -- 11.3.1.2 Positive Effects of Beetles -- 11.3.2 Beetles of Cultural Importance -- 11.3.3 Beetles of Medical and Legal Importance -- 11.3.3.1 Medical Entomology -- 11.3.3.2 Forensic Entomology -- 11.3.4 Beetles as Research Tools -- 11.3.4.1 DNA Barcoding of Beetles - A North American Case Study -- 11.4 Threatened Beetles -- 11.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Biodiversity of Hymenoptera -- 12.1 Evolution and Higher Classification -- 12.2 Numbers of Species and Individuals -- 12.3 Morphological and Biological Diversity -- 12.4 Importance to Humans -- 12.4.1 Food and Other Products -- 12.4.2 Stings and Bites -- 12.5 Ecological Importance -- 12.6 Conservation -- 12.7 Fossils -- 12.8 Collecting, Preservation, and Study Techniques -- 12.9 Taxonomic Diversity -- 12.9.1 Symphyta -- 12.9.2 Parasitica -- 12.9.2.1 Stephanoidea -- 12.9.2.2 Megalyroidea -- 12.9.2.3 Trigonaloidea -- 12.9.2.4 Mymarommatoidea -- 12.9.2.5 Evanioidea -- 12.9.2.6 Ichneumonoidea -- 12.9.2.7 Cynipoidea -- 12.9.2.8 Proctotrupoidea -- 12.9.2.9 Platygastroidea -- 12.9.2.10 Diaprioidea -- 12.9.2.11 Ceraphronoidea -- 12.9.2.12 Chalcidoidea -- 12.9.3 Aculeata -- 12.9.3.1 Chrysidoidea -- 12.9.3.2 Vespoidea -- 12.9.3.3 Apoidea -- 12.10 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13 Diversity and Significance of Lepidoptera: A Phylogenetic Perspective -- 13.1 Relevance of Lepidoptera: Science -- 13.2 Relevance of Lepidoptera: Society -- 13.3 Diversity and Diversification: A Clarification of Numbers and Challenges -- 13.4 State of Lepidopteran Systematics and Phylogenetics -- 13.5 General Overview.

13.5.1 Primitive Lepidoptera.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.