The Early Dutch Sinologists (1854-1900) : Training in Holland and China, Functions in the Netherlands Indies.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Maps and Figures -- Abbreviations -- Maps -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- The Origins of Dutch Sinology -- Historical and Legal Context -- The Need for a University Chair for Chinese -- A Regional Government Report from Batavia -- The Banka Case and Other Arguments -- Hoffmann's Report (1853) -- Hoffmann's Earliest Students -- The Beginning of Sinology and Japanology as an Academic Study -- Plans and Preparations in Batavia -- Chapter 2 -- Hoffmann's Students (1854-1865) -- Teaching a Scientist: De Grijs (1854-1855) -- The First Student-Interpreters for Chinese: Francken (1855-1857), Schaalje (1855-1859), and Schlegel (1854-1857) -- A Japanese Intermezzo: Buddingh, Groeneveldt (both 1858-1861) and De Breuk (1858-1864) -- Student Life and Studies -- An Extraordinary Student of Japanese: St. Aulaire (1859-1861) -- An Unexpected Reversal: From Japan to China -- Competition for the Last Chance: Meeter (1862-1865) -- Hoffmann's Later Students: Vissering, Maclaine Pont, and Serrurier -- Hoffmann's Teaching Methods -- Writing and Pronunciation -- Grammars and Dictionaries -- Textbooks: Books of Sayings -- Natural History, Short Stories, and the Four Books -- Chinese Books in Leiden -- Japanese Studies -- Chapter 3 -- Studying in China (1856-1867) -- Pioneers in Canton -- The Choice of Dialect: Cantonese or Hokkien? -- The First Students in Amoy -- Living in the Vice-Consulate in Amoy -- A Grandiloquent Newspaper Report and Its Denial -- The Elimination of Mandarin Studies -- Graduation and Appointment of the First Interpreters -- Financial Problems in Amoy -- The Chinese Storyteller -- Schlegel and Francken as Interpreters in Amoy in 1860 -- From Amoy to Canton -- Student Life in Amoy in 1862-1863 -- Studying the Hakka Dialect -- The Last Two Students: De Breuk and Meeter -- Study Methods.

Teachers and Chinese Names -- Learning to Speak Hokkien -- Learning to Speak Other Dialects -- Studying Written Chinese -- Translations by De Grijs -- The Students' Libraries -- Chapter 4 -- Contributions to Science -- De Grijs Collecting Flora -- Schlegel Collecting Fauna -- Buddingh Collecting Fauna -- Chapter 5 -- De Grijs and the Sino-Dutch Treaty of Tientsin (1863) -- The Need of a Treaty with China -- Preparing for the Embassy -- In Tientsin -- The Negotiations -- De Grijs' Visit to Peking -- Travel to Holland and back to China -- The Exchange of Ratifications -- Later Developments for De Grijs -- Chapter 6 -- Chinese Teachers/Clerks in the Indies -- The Origin of the Teacher System -- The First Teachers -- A Raise in Salary for the Teachers -- The Quality of the Teachers -- The Discharge of Teachers -- Reports on the Need of a Teacher/Clerk -- The Final Regulation of the Teacher System (1866) -- The Teachers Tan Siu Eng and Jo Hoae Giok -- Later Developments -- Engaging a Second Language Teacher -- Chapter 7 -- Studying Chinese in Batavia and China (1864-1877) -- A New Training Programme (1864-1867) -- The Examination System and the Choice of Dialect (1868-1870) -- The First Student-Interpreter in Batavia: J.J. Roelofs (1871-1872) -- The Second Student-Interpreter in Batavia: J.W. Young (1873-1875) -- The Failure and Success of the Batavian System -- Chapter 8 -- Schlegel and his Students in Leiden (1873-1878) -- Schlegel's Proposal for a New Training Course in Leiden (1873) -- Schlegel's and Hoffmann's Advice -- The First Examination: Hoetink, De Groot, and Stuart (1873) -- The Motivation to Study Chinese -- Schlegel's Teaching Methods -- The Second Examination: Van der Spek, Moll, and De Jongh (1875) -- Schlegel Becomes a Titular Professor (1875) -- Student Life in Leiden -- The Graduation of the First Group (1876).

The Establishment of a Chair for Chinese (1877) -- Schlegel's Inaugural Lecture: The State of the Art in Sinology and Its Practical Use -- The Graduation of the Second Group (1878) -- A Sudden Anti-Climax: A Moratorium in the Training Course -- Chapter 9 -- Schlegel's Later Students (1888-1895) -- Schlegel's Extraordinary Students in the 1880s: Lind and Schaank -- The Expansion of the Chinese Library in Leiden University -- J.T. Cremer and the Dialect in the Outer Possessions -- De Groot's Scholarly Mission to China -- Splitting the Corps of Interpreters? -- A New Training Course -- The Third Examination: Ezerman, Borel, Goteling Vinnis, and Van Wettum (1888) -- Schlegel Disciplining his Students and Borel's Attitude -- Schlegel's Teaching Methods and Borel's Studies -- Borel's Life in Art and Culture -- Borel's Personal and Student Life -- The Graduation of the Third Group (1892) -- The Fourth Examination: Van de Stadt, De Bruin, and Thijssen (1892) -- The Studies and Graduation of the Fourth Group (1892-1895) -- The Reorganisation of the interpreter Corps and Another Moratorium -- Extraordinary Students in the 1890s: Schaank, Kann, Von Zach -- Chapter 10 -- Schlegel's Students in China (1877-1898) -- The First Group: De Groot, Hoetink, Stuart (1877-1878) -- The Second Group: Van der Spek, Moll, de Jongh (1879-1880) -- Studying in Zhangzhou -- Financial Problems of the Third Group: Ezerman, Borel, Van Wettum (1892-1894) -- The Extension to Two Years in China -- The Dialect Question Again (1893) -- Life on Gulangyu -- Borel's Teachers -- Borel's Studies -- Travels -- Borel's Publications -- The Students' Relations with the Consulate -- The Third Group Finish Their Studies in Amoy -- The Fourth Group: De Bruin, Thijssen, Van de Stadt (1896-1898) -- Von Varchmin's Complaint About De Bruin -- Studying Hoklo in "Swatow and the Interior".

Van de Stadt's Request to Study Mandarin in Peking -- The Decision to Study Hakka as Well -- Studying Hakka in Kia Ying Chow -- Chapter 11 -- The Compilation of Dictionaries -- Hoffmann's Japanese Dictionary -- Manuscript Chinese Dictionaries and Word Lists -- Linguistic Problems -- The Publication History of Francken and De Grijs' Amoy-Dutch Dictionary (1864-1882) -- Description and Evaluation of Francken and De Grijs' Dictionary -- The Publication History of Schlegel's Dutch-Chinese Dictionary (1882-1891) -- The Reception of the Dictionary -- J.H. Ferguson: An Offensive and Scandalous Work -- Schlegel and Li Hongzhang in 1896 -- Description and Evaluation of Schlegel's Dictionary -- Van de Stadt's Hakka Dictionary (1912) -- Chapter 12 -- Working as Interpreters and Translators -- The Interpreters' Directive of 1863 -- Working as Interpreters -- Replacement by Ethnic Chinese Interpreters -- Working as Translators -- The Establishment of a Chinese Printing Facility in Batavia (1862) -- Some Problems of Legal Translation -- The Techniques of Translation -- Translating and Excerpting Chinese Account Books -- Private Translation and Interpreting -- Chapter 13 -- The Interpreters' Advisory Functions -- Extraordinary Members of the Orphans and Estate Chambers (1866) -- The Weak Position of the Interpreters as Advisors -- Reduction of the Number of Interpreters (1879) -- Relations with the Chinese -- Acting as Experts on Chinese Law and Customs for the Courts -- A Mystification -- The Chinese Oath -- Chapter 14 -- Studies and Missions -- Studies and Publications -- Study Missions -- Secret Societies -- Arranging the Emigration of Coolies -- Other Coolie Matters -- Chapter 15 -- The Reform of 1896 -- Officials for Chinese Affairs -- Other Administrative Functions -- Leaving the Interpreter Corps -- Epilogue -- Conclusion -- Appendix A.

Biographies and Bibliographies of the Sinologists -- Albrecht, Johannes Eduard Biography Albrecht -- Borel, Henri Jean François Biography Borel -- Breuk, Johannes de Biography de Breuk -- Bruin, Annes Gerardus de Biography de Bruin -- Buddingh, Johan Adriaan Biography Buddingh -- Ezerman, Johannes Lodewijk Juliaan Franciscus Biography Ezerman -- Faber, Maximiliaan von Biography von Faber -- Francken, Johannes Jacobus Cornelis Biography Francken -- Grijs, Carolus Franciscus Martinus de Biography de Grijs -- Groeneveldt, Willem Pieter Biography Groeneveldt -- Groot, Johannes Jacobus Maria de Biography de Groot -- Hoetink, Bernardus Biography Hoetink -- Hoffmann, Johannes Josephus Biography Hoffmann -- Jongh, Arie Arend de Biography de Jongh -- Meeter, Pieter Biography Meeter -- Moll, Alexander Eliza Biography Moll -- Roelofs, Johannes Jacobus Biography Roelofs -- Schaalje, Maurits Biography Schaalje -- Schaank, Simon Hartwich Biography Schaank -- Schlegel, Gustaaf Biography Schlegel -- Spek, Jacobus van der Biography van der Spek -- Stadt, Peter Adriaan van de Biography van de Stadt -- Stuart, Hermanus Nicolaas Biography Stuart -- Thijssen, Emile Franciscus Biography Thijssen -- Wettum, Bertus Anton Jacobus van Biography van Wettum -- Young, James William Biography Young -- Appendix B -- Dates of Appointment and Discharge of European Interpreters of Chinese in the Netherlands Indies -- Introduction to the Tables -- Appendix C -- Chinese Names of Dutch Sinologists (1860-1917) -- Appendix D -- Students of Hoffmann, Schlegel, and De Groot -- Appendix E -- Names of Some Teachers/Clerks in the Indies -- Appendix F -- Table of Students in China 1856-1867 -- Appendix G -- Sinologists in the Board of Directors of the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences -- Appendix H -- Graph of the Number of Sinologists in Active Service, 1860-1917 -- Appendix I.

Schlegel's Transcription System of Tsiangtsiu and Amoy Dialects Compared with Other Systems.

In The early Dutch Sinologists Koos Kuiper gives a detailed account of the studies and work of the 24 Dutchmen trained as "interpreters" for the Netherlands Indies before 1900. Many primary sources give a fascinating picture of personal cross-cultural contacts.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.