Essentials of Autopsy Practice : Reviews, Updates, and Advances.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: The Role of Cross-Sectional Imaging in the Investigation of Childhood Deaths -- Introduction -- Paediatric Autopsy Practice -- Childhood Deaths -- Decline of Traditional Autopsy Techniques -- Current Postmortem Imaging Techniques -- Skeletal Radiography (PMXR) -- Post Mortem Computed Tomography (PMCT) -- Post Mortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PMMR) -- Specific Types of Childhood Death -- Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) -- Traumatic Death -- Non-Accidental Death/Inflicted Injury -- Hanging -- Drowning -- Additional Benefits of Postmortem Imaging -- Investigation of Infant Remains -- Post Mortem Imaging and Post Mortem Interval -- 3D Prototyping/Modeling -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Vertebral Artery Trauma -- Introduction -- Anatomy -- Thrombosis due to Vertebral Artery Dissection -- Traumatic Basal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Resulting from Rupture or Dissection of the Vertebral Artery -- Post-mortem Findings -- Forensic Issues -- Methods to Identify the Rupture Site -- Radiology -- Direct Observation of the Leakage from Injection of Liquid Medium -- Direct Examination of the Vessel -- Histology of the Vessels -- Mechanism of Rupture -- Direct trauma -- Stretching -- Oscillation Forces -- Increased Intravascular Pressure -- High Incidence of Death -- Influence of Alcohol -- Medicolegal Issues -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Death in Crowds -- Introduction -- Crushes and Trampling -- Traumatic, Crush and Compression Asphyxia -- Traumatic Asphyxia -- Crush Asphyxia -- Compression Asphyxia -- How Fast Did They Die? -- Time to Unconsciousness -- Time to Cardiorespiratory Arrest -- Time to Irreversibility -- Forces in Crowds -- Causation of Death in Crowd Related Incidents -- Compression Asphyxia -- Smothering -- Inhalation of Gastric Contents -- Positional Asphyxia.

Trauma -- Natural Disease -- The Pathological Features of Compression Asphyxia -- Mechanistic Hypotheses -- External Findings -- Internal Findings -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: New Psychoactive Substances -- Introduction -- Legal Aspects of New Psychoactive Substances -- Clinical Classification -- Specific New Psychoactive Substances -- Stimulant-Type New Psychoactive Substances -- Piperazines -- Background -- Description -- Reported Adverse Effects -- Synthetic Cathinones -- Background -- Description -- Reported Adverse Effects -- Aminoindanes -- Background -- Description -- Reported Adverse Effects -- Psychedelic Drugs -- Tryptamines -- Background -- Description -- Reported Adverse Effects -- Phenethylamines -- Background -- Description -- Reported Adverse Effects -- Dissociative Drugs -- Ketamine -- Background -- Description -- Reported Adverse Effects -- Synthetic Cannabinoids -- Background -- Description -- Reported Adverse Effects -- Miscellaneous Substances -- Khat -- Background -- Description -- Reported Adverse Effects -- Kratom -- Background -- Description -- Reported Adverse Effects -- Analytical Aspects for New Psychoactive Substances -- Current Analytical Techniques Used for NPS Screening -- Immunoassays -- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) -- Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC- MS/MS) -- High Resolution-Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS) -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Horse- Related Injuries and Deaths -- Introduction -- The Horse -- Anatomy in Relation to Injuries -- Breeds -- Horse Behaviour and the Senses -- Horse-Related Activities -- Show Jumping -- Dressage -- Eventing -- Racing -- Driving -- Hunting -- Endurance -- Polo -- Professionals Working in the Horse Industry -- Safety Equipment and Rider Awareness -- Riding Helmet -- Body Protector and Air Jackets -- Riding Boots -- Gloves.

High Visibility and Reflective Clothing -- Horse Tack -- Saddle -- Bridle -- Other Equipment -- Frequency of Injuries -- Mechanism of Injury -- Mounted -- Unmounted -- Site of Injury -- Injuries Whilst Mounted -- Rotational Falls -- Lethal Injuries Sustained from Rotational Falls -- Non-Rotational Falls -- Spinal Injuries -- Injuries Whilst Unmounted -- Horse Drawn Vehicles -- Crowds at Equestrian Events -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation -- Introduction -- Epidemiology and Outcome of Cardiac Arrest -- Prevention -- Chain of Survival -- Early Recognition and Call for Help -- Early Bystander CPR -- Early Defibrillation -- Early Advanced Life Support and Standardised Post-­resuscitation Care -- Basic Life Support and Use of an Automated External Defibrillator -- Feedback on Compression Technique -- Compression-only CPR -- Use of an Automated External Defibrillator -- Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Programmes -- Injuries Caused by CPR -- Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (Choking) -- Recognition -- Treatment for Mild Airway Obstruction -- Treatment for Severe Airway Obstruction -- Treatment of Foreign Body Airway Obstruction in an Unresponsive Victim -- Advanced Life Support -- Shockable Rhythms (VF/pVT) -- Treatment of Shockable Rhythms (Adapted, with Permission, from Advanced Life Support 7th Edition, the Resuscitation Council (UK)) -- Precordial Thump -- Non-shockable Rhythms (PEA and Asystole) -- Treat Reversible Causes -- Use of Ultrasound Imaging During Advanced Life Support -- High-Quality Chest Compressions with Minimal Interruption -- Monitoring During Advanced Life Support -- Waveform Capnography During Advanced Life Support -- Airway Management and Ventilation -- Basic Airway Manoeuvres and Airway Adjuncts -- Oxygen During CPR -- Ventilation -- Alternative Airway Devices -- Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA).

I-gel -- Laryngeal Tube -- Tracheal Intubation -- Videolaryngoscopy -- Confirmation of Correct Placement of the Tracheal Tube -- Cricothyroidotomy -- Drugs for Cardiac Arrest -- Adrenaline -- Amiodarone -- Vascular Access During CPR -- Peripheral Versus Central Venous Drug Delivery -- Intraosseous Route -- CPR Techniques and Devices -- Mechanical Chest Compression Devices -- Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (eCPR) -- Duration of Resuscitation Attempt -- Traumatic Cardiorespiratory Arrest -- Hypovolaemia: Haemorrhage Control -- Hypoxaemia -- Tension Pneumothorax -- Cardiac Tamponade -- Post Resuscitation Care -- The Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome -- Optimising Organ Function -- Airway and Breathing -- Circulation -- Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators -- Disability (Optimising Neurological Recovery) -- Cerebral Perfusion -- Sedation -- Control of Seizures -- Glucose Control -- Targeted Temperature Management -- Cooling Techniques, Physiological Effects and Complications -- Prognostication -- Organ Donation -- Screening for Inherited Disorders -- Long-Term Outcomes -- References -- Chapter 7: The Dating of Injury -- The Five Step Approach. A Clinical Method to Enlighten Forensic Aspects -- Introduction -- Step 1: Anamnestic Information -- Step 2: Macroscopy -- Types of Injuries -- Assessing the Bruising (Fig. 7.4) -- Step 3: Microscopic Assessment -- Section 4: Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Techniques -- Step 5: Implementation (Fig. 7.13) -- Case Study 1: Example of Injury Dating Following the 5 Step Approach -- Background Information -- Results of the Autopsy -- Step 1: Anamnestic Information -- Request -- Preparation of the Working Hypotheses on the Basis of This Background Information -- Drawing Up the Working Hypotheses -- Step 2: Macroscopy -- Processing in Light of the Questions -- Step 3: Microscopy.

First Evaluation Conducted on the Basis of the Working Hypotheses -- Step 4: Immunohistochemistry -- Step 5: Implementation -- Dating Samples Without Implementation -- Summary -- References -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.