The Political Construction of Brazil : Society, Economy, and State since Independence.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Tables -- Table 1.1: State-Society Cycles and Political Pacts -- Table 1.2: Brazilian Growth in the Long Run, 1871-2014 (Annual %) -- Table 1.3: Strategies and Annual Growth of Per Capita GDP, 1930-2014 -- Table 1.4: Differences between Liberal Orthodoxy and New Developmentalism -- Table 6.1: Ethnic Origin of São Paulo Industrial Entrepreneurs -- Table 8.1: Direct Investments and Domestic Market Occupation, 2011(in millions) -- Table 14.1: Industrial Cycles from 1955 to 1981 (% annual GDP growth rates) -- Table 14.2: Income Distribution in 1960 and 1967 (% of the national income in the first and fifth quintiles) -- Table 14.3: Real Average Wages in the State of São Paulo, 1965-1970(Brazilian cruzeiros) -- Table 14.4: Current Account and Foreign Debt, 1971-1981 (Selected years, million) -- Table 16.1: Public Savings, 1979-1988 (Odd years, % of GDP) -- Table 20.1: Foreign Savings, Domestic Savings, and Investment,1992-2004 (% of GDP) -- Table 20.2: Rates of Savings Substitution, 1993-1999 and 2000-2005 (% of GDP) -- Table 21.1: Inflation Rates and Variations in Exchange Rates,1994-2013 (%) -- Table 22.1: Brazil's Exports and Terms of Trade, 2002-2014 -- Table 24.1: Social Indicators, 1980-2014 -- Figures -- Figure 1.1: The Manufacturing Industry's Share of GDP, 1947-2015 (%) -- Figure 2.1: Brazil Catching Up, 1870-2014 (Brazil's income per capita as apercentage of the US rate) -- Figure 6.1: Index of the Terms of Trade, 1901-2013 (2006 = 100%) -- Figure 7.1: The Cyclical Tendency Toward Currency Overvaluation -- Figure 10.1: Brazil's Import Coefficient, 1901-2013 (% of GDP at 2005 prices) -- Figure 13.1: Share of Manufactured Goods in Exports, 1964-2014 -- Figure 21.1: Real Growth Rates of GDP in Brazil, 1995-2015.

Figure 22.1: Industrial Production and Retail Sales, 2000-2014 (R billion) -- Figure 22.2: Real Exchange Rates and Industrial Equilibriums, 1995-2016(Brazilian real to the US dollar, December 2015 prices) -- Figure 22.3: Net Profits of Nonfinancial Firms, 2005-2014 (% of GDP) -- Figure 23.1: Brazilians' Opinions of President Dilma Rousseff, 2011-2015(%) -- Figure 24.1: The Gini Coefficient in Brazil, 1960-2014 -- Figure 24.2: Brazil's Economic Complexity Index, 1963-2013 -- Boxes -- Brief Theory 1: New Developmentalism -- Brief Theory 2: Institutions and Development -- Brief Theory 3: Who are the Liberals? -- Brief Theory 4: Industrialization or "Productive Sophistication" -- Brief Theory 5: Developmentalism, Class Coalitions, and Populism -- Brief Theory 6: The Tendency Toward Chronic and Cyclical Overvaluation of the National Currency -- Brief Theory 7: The Dutch Disease and Its Neutralization -- Brief Theory 8: Hegemony Imperialism and Dependency -- Brief Theory 9: The Policy of Growth with Foreign Indebtedness ("Savings") -- Brief Theory 10: Inertial Inflation -- Brief Theory 11: The Wage-Led or Export-Led Model? -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Notes -- Chapter 1- Brazil: A History of Long Cycles and Short Political Pacts -- Cycles and Political Pacts -- Interrupted Development -- Facing the World -- Foreign Relations -- Notes -- Chapter 2- Colonial Constraints: Why Brazil Was Left Behind -- Slaves or Settlers: Why the Type of Colonialism Matters -- Nationalist Explanation and Imperialism -- The Nineteenth Century -- The Legacy of Slavery -- Notes -- Chapter 3- For Reasons of State: Territorial Integration -- Initial Precedence of the State -- Territorial Unity -- Two Complementary Interpretations -- The Traditional Social Structure -- Notes -- Chapter 4- Herding Oligarchs: Empire, Constitutionalism, and Federalism.

Federalism, Conservatives, and Liberals -- The Empire and the Constitutional Monarchy -- Notes -- Chapter 5- The First Republic: Prerequisite to Brazil's Capitalist Revolution -- A Middle Class Government -- The "Politics of the Governors" -- The Emergence of the Military -- "Tenentismo" -- From Mercantile to Industrial Capital -- Origins of the Industrial Revolution -- Notes -- Chapter 6- Igniting Capitalism: The Profitable Revolution of 1930 -- National and Nationalist Revolutions -- The 1930 Revolution -- The Beginning of Industrialization -- Coffee and the Manufacturing Industry -- Origins of the Industrial Entrepreneurs -- The New Professional Middle Class -- The Modern Government Bureaucracy and the DASP -- National-Developmentalism -- Notes -- Chapter 7- Imperialism and Industrialization:The 1930 National-Popular Pact -- Socioeconomic Groups and Politics -- Notes -- Chapter 8- Crisis, Coup, and Democracy: Resuming Developmentalism After 1945 -- The Second Vargas Administration -- Kubitschek and the Consolidation of the Manufacturing Industry -- The Direct Investments Issue -- The Consolidation of the Government Bureaucracy -- Notes -- Chapter 9- Coffee, Cold War, and Coup (Again): The End of the National-Popular Pact -- The 1964 Military Coup -- Notes -- Chapter 10- The Crisis of the 1960s: Inflation and the Emergenceof Popular Participation -- Exhaustion of Import Substitution -- Cost-Push Inflation -- The Emergence of the People -- Notes -- Chapter 11- The Military in Power:The Authoritarian-Modernizing Pact -- The Castelo Branco Administration -- The Strength and Weakness of the "Modernizing Tripod Model" -- Industrializing Technobureaucracy -- The Developmentalism of the Military -- Notes -- Chapter 12- The Logic of Domination:The Limits of Dependency Theory -- The Two Canonical Versions -- Dependency According to Florestan Fernandes.

The National-Dependent Interpretation -- Notes -- Chapter 13- Neutralizing the Dutch Disease: Exporting Manufactured Goods -- The Manufactured Goods Exporting Model -- The Return of Developmentalism -- Notes -- Chapter 14- The Military in Office: Rise and Decline in the 1970s -- Income Concentration in the Middle and Upper Classes -- The Technobureaucratic-Capitalist Model -- Foreign Indebtedness -- The Mistakes of 1979-1980 -- Notes -- Chapter 15- The Democratic-Popular Pact: The Bourgeoisie and the Working Class -- Advances and Setbacks of the "Opening": 1974-1978 -- The 1977 Democratic-Popular Pact -- The Collapse of a Class Alliance -- The Conservative Reflex of the Bourgeoisie: 1979 -- The Diretas Já Campaign -- The Bourgeoisie's Project of Political Hegemony -- Notes -- Chapter 16- The Lost Decade: Stagnation and Inertial Inflation in the 1980s -- Financial Crisis and Stagnation -- Negative Public Savings -- Notes -- Chapter 17- The Crisis of 1987: The Collapse of the Democratic-Popular Pact -- The Collapse of the Democratic-Popular Pact -- The Cruzado Plan -- Amidst the Turmoil of the Crisis -- Notes -- Chapter 18- From Elite to Social Democracy: The 1988 Constitution -- The Quality of Brazilian Democracy -- The 1988 Constitution -- The 1989 Presidential Elections -- Notes -- Chapter 19- Neoliberal Rule: Privatization andthe 1991 Liberal-Dependent Pact -- From the 1980s Crisis to the Washington Consensus -- The Collor Plan -- The Great Mistakes -- The Subordination to the North -- Notes -- Chapter 20- Tackling High Inflation: The Real Plan -- The Real Plan -- The Cardoso Administration -- The Second Washington Consensus -- Savings without Investments: 1994-1999 -- Notes -- Chapter 21- Liberal Rhetoric: The Trap of Overvalued Exchange Rates and High Interest Rates -- The Mistaken Macroeconomic Tripod -- Inflation Targeting Policy.

High Interest Rates -- Notes -- Chapter 22- Lula, Dilma, and the Alienation of the Elites -- The Lula Administration -- Lulism -- The 2008 Global Financial Crisis -- The Dilma Rousseff Administration -- Notes -- Chapter 23- The Pact that Never Was -- The Recession -- The Impeachment -- Notes -- Chapter 24- The Quasi-Stagnation Since 1981 -- A Short History of Social Progress -- The Quasi-Stagnation Since 1981 -- Insufficient Savings? -- China's Challenge -- The Attack on the Public Technobureaucracy -- Notes -- Chapter 25- Preference for Immediate Consumption and Loss of the Idea of Nation -- The Loss of the Idea of Nation -- The Alienation of the Brazilian Elites -- Notes -- Chapter 26- Brazil's Capitalist Revolution, Democracy . . . and Then? -- Today, Brazil Is a Society . . . -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- References -- Index -- About the Book -- Untitled -- Untitled.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.