Critical Care Neurology Part I : Neurocritical Care.

Front Cover -- Critical Care Neurology Part I -- Copyright -- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents of Part I -- Contents of Part II -- Section 1: Care in the neurosciences intensive care unit -- Chapter 1: The history of neurocritical care -- Early beginnings of intensive care medicine and neurology -- A new phase of critical care neurology -- A perspective -- References -- Chapter 2: Airway management and mechanical ventilation in acute brain injury -- Epidemiology -- Respiratory anatomy and physiology -- Airway and automaticity -- Effects of hyperoxia and hypoxia on brain physiology -- Effects of PCO2 and pH on brain physiology -- Clinical presentation -- Preparation for intubation -- Preparation for the difficult airway and mask ventilation scenarios -- Contraindications to (elective) intubation -- Alternatives to intubation -- Preintubation neurologic evaluation -- Reducing peri-intubation risk -- Clinical trials and guidelines -- Complex clinical decisions -- Induction medication issues to consider in the neurocritically ill -- Intubation in the setting of elevated intracranial pressure -- Intubation in the setting of impaired cerebral perfusion -- Intubation of the patient with unstable cervical spine -- Problems in ventilation after acute brain injury -- Effects of hyperventilation and hypoventilation on brain physiology -- Acidemic and alkalemic hypocarbia: potential for suppression of spontaneous hyperventilation -- Purposeful hyperventilation to control elevated ICP -- Hypoxia and hyperoxia exacerbate primary brain injury -- Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Airway pressure can affect intracranial pressure -- Liberating of the ventilator -- Weaning trials -- Tracheostomy -- References -- Chapter 3: Neuropulmonology -- Introduction.

Neurocritical disorders associated with pulmonary disease -- Traumatic brain injury -- Subarachnoid hemorrhage -- Stroke -- Disordered breathing -- Seizures -- Neurogenic pulmonary edema -- Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Hospital course and management -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Neurocardiology -- Introduction -- Basic anatomy and physiology of neurocardiology -- Specific cardiac diseases in neurocritically ill patients -- Cardiac dysfunction and subarachnoid hemorrhage -- Pathogenesis of SAH neurogenic stunned myocardium -- Management of SAH neurogenic stunned myocardium -- Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy -- References -- Chapter 5: Principles of intracranial pressure monitoring and treatment -- Neuropathology and pathophysiology of intracranial hypertension: -- Essential principles and semiquantitative relationships -- Cerebral autoregulation and pressure-volume compensation -- Clinical presentation and neurodiagnostics -- Methods of measurement -- Attempts to measure ICP and CPP noninvasively -- Typical waves and trends observed in ICP monitoring -- Cerebrovascular pressure reactivity and autoregulation -- Optimal CPP and critical ICP -- Pressure-volume compensatory reserve -- Other methods of ICP analysis -- Consequences of raised ICP observed with multimodal brain monitoring -- Cerebral oxygenation -- Cerebral biochemistry/microdialysis -- Cerebral blood flow -- Cerebral electric activity -- Hospital course and management -- Treatment of raised intracranial pressure -- Treatment thresholds -- First level of treatment intensity: prevention of intracranial hypertension -- Second level of treatment intensity -- Hyperosmolar treatment: mannitol and hypertonic saline -- Hyperventilation -- Third level of treatment intensity - therapies with controversial impact on outcome -- Hypothermia -- Metabolic suppression - barbiturate coma.

Decompressive craniectomy -- Treatment of acute exacerbations of intracranial pressure -- Is ICP monitoring useful? -- References -- Chapter 6: Multimodal neurologic monitoring -- Introduction -- Electroencephalography -- Intracranial pressure monitoring -- Brain tissue oxygenation -- Jugular venous bulb oximetry -- Intraparenchymal cerebral oxygen monitoring -- Near-infrared spectroscopy -- Brain metabolism and cerebral microdialysis -- Transcranial doppler ultrasonography -- Cerebral blood flow -- Bioinformatics and the future of MMM -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit -- Detection and management of seizures: -- Clarifying the nature of movements -- Monitoring depth of sedation -- Grading severity of encephalopathy -- Prognostication -- Technical and logistic considerations -- EEG montages -- Electrodes -- Raw EEG vs. quantitative displays -- Artifacts -- Controversies and future endeavors -- Standardization -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Management of the comatose patient -- Introduction -- Causes of coma and prevalence -- Neuropathophysiology -- Neurologic examination of the comatose patient -- Cranial nerves -- Motor responses -- Classifying coma syndromes -- Laboratory tests and neuroimaging -- Management of the comatose patient -- Neurorehabilitation -- Outcome prediction -- References -- Chapter 9: Management of status epilepticus -- Epidemiology -- Neuropathology -- Clinical presentation -- Myoclonic status epilepticus -- Convulsive status epilepticus -- Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in coma -- Nonconvulsive status epilepticus without coma -- Absence status epilepticus -- Focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus without impaired consciousness -- Focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus with impaired consciousness -- Epilepsia partialis continua.

Neurodiagnostics and imaging -- Hospital course and management -- Pharmacotherapy -- Refractory status epilepticus -- Continuous EEG monitoring -- Complex clinical decisions -- Progress to anesthetics in NCSE with preservation of consciousness -- Progress to anesthetics in comatose patients with NCSE -- NCSE patterns in critical illness -- Palliative care in superrefractory status epilepticus -- Immunosuppression in autoimmune encephalitis and NORSE -- Management of status epilepticus in pregnancy -- Outcome prediction -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Critical care in acute ischemic stroke -- Introduction -- Indications for ICU stroke care -- Airway management -- Large cerebral hemisphere or cerebellar hemisphere infarction -- Infarction with hemorrhagic transformation -- Seizures -- Postendovascular care -- Cardiac care -- Neuropathology -- Ischemic penumbra -- Reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic transformation -- Cerebral edema -- Clinical presentation -- Emergency department -- Intensive care unit -- Postthrombolysis transfers -- Neurodiagnostics and neuroimaging -- Noncontrast head CT -- MRI of the brain -- CT and MR angiography -- CT and MR perfusion -- Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms -- Hospital course and management -- Intravenous thrombolysis trials -- Patient management prior to IV tPA -- Patient management after IV tPA -- Intra-arterial thrombolysis -- Intra-arterial thrombectomy -- Patient management after endovascular therapy -- Intensive care of the acute ischemic stroke patient -- Blood pressure management -- Glycemic management -- Temperature management -- Antiplatelet management -- Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis -- Anemia management -- Clinical trials and guidelines -- Complex clinical decisions -- Neurorehabilitation -- Early mobilization -- Treatment of dysphagia -- Tracheostomy -- References.

Chapter 11: Management of intracerebral hemorrhage -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Neuropathology -- Clinical presentation -- Neurodiagnostics and imaging -- Hospital course and management -- Prehospital management -- Management of hypertension -- Management of coagulopathy -- Management of seizures -- Management of fever -- Management of hyperglycemia -- Management of venous thromboembolism -- Complex clinical decisions -- Surgical management -- Management of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure -- Management of intraventricular hemorrhage -- Outcome prediction -- Neurorehabilitation -- References -- Chapter 12: Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage -- Epidemiology -- Natural history of aneurysmal SAH -- Etiology -- Subtypes of SAH -- Weather and climate -- Neuropathology -- Aneurysm formation and rupture -- Early brain injury -- Delayed cerebral ischemia -- Angiographic vasospasm -- Microcirculatory dysfunction -- Microthromboembolism -- Cortical spreading depolarization/ischemia -- Clinical presentation -- Neurodiagnostics and imaging -- Computed tomography -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Lumbar puncture -- Determining the cause of SAH -- Hospital course and management -- Initial management and prevention of rebleeding -- Aneurysm repair -- Complications and secondary treatment -- Delayed cerebral ischemia -- Diagnosis -- Prophylaxis and treatment -- Acute hydrocephalus -- Seizures -- Increased intracranial pressure -- Clinical trials and guidelines -- Complex clinical decisions -- Outcome prediction -- Neurorehabilitation -- References -- Chapter 13: Management of acute neuromuscular disorders -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical features -- Neuromuscular respiratory failure -- Diagnostic tests -- Hospital course -- Neurorehabilitation -- Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 14: Critical care management of traumatic brain injury.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.