Geography, Location, and Strategy.

Front Cover -- Geography, Location, and Strategy -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Geography, Location, and Strategy -- References -- Part I: How Firms are Organized across Borders -- The International Configurations of US Multinational Corporations -- Introduction -- Extant Frameworks on the Strategies and Structures of MNCs -- Strategic Choices of MNCs -- Organizational Structure of MNCs -- Extant Frameworks and Value Chain Integration, Responsiveness, and Dispersion -- Exploring the International Configurations of US MNCs -- Data -- Variables -- Global Integration across Value Chain Activities -- Local Responsiveness in Value Chain Activities -- Geographic Dispersion/Global Sourcing -- K-Medians Cluster Analysis -- Cluster Results -- Five Cluster Results -- Implications and Discussion: Relevance of Frameworks for US MNCs, Underexplored Characteristics, and Conclusions -- Relevance of Extant Frameworks to US MNCs and Comparison with Other Studies -- Underexplored Configuration Characteristics -- Offshore Outsourcing -- Multiple Regional Configurations -- Limited Geographic Scope of Product-Diversified Firms -- Conclusion -- References -- Trade or Multinational Production? Consumer Preferences and Multiproduct Firms -- Introduction -- A Brief Theoretical Motivation for the Simulations -- Laundry Detergent Industry Application -- Industry Overview -- Data -- Modeling Consumer Demand for Laundry Detergents -- Profits under Higher Trading Costs -- Framework -- Country-Level Simulations -- Italy -- Germany -- The United Kingdom -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Websites -- Multinational Business Groups -- Introduction -- Data and Descriptive Statistics -- Data -- Sample Construction -- Descriptive Statistics -- Multinational Groups versus Domestic Groups -- Multinational versus Domestic Group Characteristics.

Subsidiary Sales Performance in Multinational versus Nonmultinational Groups -- Becoming a Multinational Group -- Domestic Groups that Make a Foreign Acquisition -- The First Foreign Acquisition -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Location of Multinational Firms' R&amp -- D Activities Abroad: Host Country University Research, University-Industry Collaboration, and R&amp -- D Heterogeneity -- Introduction -- Background and Theory -- Data, Methods, and Variables -- Data -- Empirical Model and Dependent Variables -- Independent Variables -- University Strength and Industry-University Collaboration -- Other Explanatory Variables -- Empirical Results -- Supplementary Analysis -- Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Appendix: Shares of Universities-Firm Coauthored Publications by Country and Industry. -- Part II: How Global Firms Overcome Cross-Border Challenges -- Capturing Value from Intellectual Property (IP) in a Global Environment -- Introduction -- Capturing Value Globally using Institutional Tools -- Challenges with using Institutional Tools to Capture Value from IP -- The Global IP System Hasn't Been Updated in 50 Years, Forcing Firms to Depend Heavily on Country Institutions -- Protecting IP Globally Is Expensive -- No Substantial New Improvements to The Current System for Global IP Are Likely to Happen -- PTOs Are Overwhelmed with the Number of IP Applications, Creating Lags and a Lower-Quality Process of Examination -- Litigation Is Becoming More Common and More Expensive, and Its Outcome Is Less Predictable -- Complex Value Chains across Countries Create More Potential Infringers -- Enforcement of Trademarks and Industrial Designs Is More Complex in a Global Context -- Technology Helping to Find Infringers … but Not Necessarily to Solve the Problem.

Government Policy in IP Affects the Competitive Advantage of Firms -- Capturing Value from IP: A Conceptual Framework -- Market Mechanisms -- Strong IP Regimes -- Exercising Market Power -- Sale or Licensing -- Collaboration -- Litigation -- Combining Different IP Tools -- Weak IP Regimes -- Owning or Controlling Complementary Assets -- Imposing Secrecy -- Using Complexity as Protection -- Using Speed and Lead Time -- Deploying Outdated IP -- Changing the Business Model -- Nonmarket Mechanisms -- Participating in Patent Pools and Common-Standards Organizations -- Fighting Counterfeiting by Cooperating with Governments -- Boosting Market Surveillance -- Conclusion and Implications for Management Practice -- References -- Sourcing from Multinational Suppliers to Overcome Weak Contracting Institutions and Gain Supply Chain Capabilities -- Introduction -- Hypotheses -- Data -- Dependent Variables -- Independent Variables -- Controls -- Empirical Analysis -- Means Comparisons -- Regressions -- Renting Stronger Contracting Institutions -- Robustness -- Conclusion -- References -- Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth? Geographic Concentration, Social Norms, and Knowledge Transfer -- Introduction -- Theory and Hypotheses -- Social Norms and Knowledge Transfer -- Geographic Concentration and Social Norms -- Method -- Empirical Design -- Participants -- Procedure -- Experimental Design -- Variables -- Dependent Variables -- Independent Variables -- Control Variables -- Econometric Approach -- Results -- Robustness Tests -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix -- The Spatial Diffusion of an Invisible Corporate Practice: Revisiting Stock Backdating, 1981-2005 -- Theory and Hypotheses -- Unique Features of Invisible Practices -- The Diffusion of Invisible Practices -- Method -- Data -- Intercounty Board Interlock Networks -- Dependent and Independent Variables.

Control Variables -- Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III: Value Created by Cross-Border MNC Activity -- Cross-Regional R&amp -- D Collaboration and Local Knowledge Spillover -- Introduction -- Theory and Hypothesis Development -- Cross-Regional Collaboration and Localized Knowledge Spillover -- Firm Organization and Knowledge Internalization -- Cross-Regional Collaborations and the Quality of Local Innovation -- Data Description and Empirical Setup -- The Pharmaceutical Industry -- The Geography of Collaboration and Knowledge Spillover -- Empirical Setup -- Model I: Local Citations to the Focal Patent -- Model II: Quality of Local Innovations -- Empirical Results -- Results of Model I -- Results of Model II -- Robustness Tests and Discussions -- Robustness Tests for Model I -- Robustness Tests for Model II -- Robustness Tests on Country Effects -- Discussions on the Empirical Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix: Top 50 Pharmaceutical Companies in 2004 -- Origin Matters: The Differential Impact of Import Competition on Innovation -- Introduction -- Related Literature and Theoretical Motivation -- Data and Variables -- Data and Sample -- Innovation Input and Innovation Output -- Import Competition -- Summary Statistics -- Empirical Results -- Specification -- Import Competition and Innovation Input -- Import Competition and Innovation Output -- Patent Counts -- Patent Citations -- Patent Novelty -- Firms' Responses: Leaders versus Laggards -- Mechanisms and Further Analysis -- Industry Life Cycles -- Import Competition and Technological Competition -- Import Competition versus Learning Opportunities -- Import Competition versus Export Orientation -- Intrafirm Trade and Global Sourcing -- From Innovation to Imports? -- Further Robustness Checks -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References.

Appendix: List of low-wage countries (LWCs) -- Multinational Activity in Emerging Markets: How and When Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth? -- Introduction -- Definition, Motivation, and Likely Effects of Multinational Activity -- Definition and Motivations -- Channels and Mechanism -- Factor Markets -- Reallocation -- Linkages -- Other Effects -- Empirical Findings: Mechanism and Channels -- Factor Markets -- Reallocation -- Linkages -- Other Effects -- Macro Level Complementarities -- Factor Markets -- Reallocation -- Linkages -- Other Interactions -- Concluding Comments -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index.

This volume draws together researchers working in a variety of disciplines in order to explore the many ways that locations matter for firms. The authors draw on newly available data, recently developed theory, and diverse methodology to understand the relationships between firm boundaries, firm activities, and geographic borders.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.