Materials for Solid State Lighting and Displays.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Editor -- Chapter 1 Principles of Solid State Luminescence -- 1.1 Introduction to Radiation from an Accelerating Charge -- 1.2 Radiation from an Oscillating Dipole -- 1.3 Quantum Description of an Electron during a Radiation Event -- 1.4 The Exciton -- 1.5 Two-Electron Atoms -- 1.6 Molecular Excitons -- 1.7 Band-to-Band Transitions -- 1.8 Photometric Units -- 1.9 The Light Emitting Diode -- References -- Chapter 2 Quantum Dots for Displays and Solid State Lighting -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nanostructured Materials -- 2.3 Quantum Dots -- 2.3.1 History of Quantum Dots -- 2.3.2 Structure and Properties Relationship -- 2.3.3 Quantum Confinement Effects on Band Gap -- 2.4 Relaxation Process of Excitons -- 2.4.1 Radiative Relaxation -- 2.4.2 Nonradiative Relaxation Process -- 2.5 Blinking Effect -- 2.6 Surface Passivation -- 2.6.1 Organically Capped QDs -- 2.6.2 Inorganically Passivated QDs -- 2.7 Synthesis Processes -- 2.7.1 Top-Down Synthesis -- 2.7.2 Bottom-Up Approach -- 2.8 Optical Properties and Applications -- 2.8.1 Displays -- 2.8.2 Solid State Lighting -- 2.8.3 Biological Applications -- 2.9 Perspective -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Color Conversion Phosphors for Light Emitting Diodes -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Disadvantages of Using LEDs Without Color Conversion Phosphors -- 3.3 Phosphors for Converting the Color of Light Emitted by LEDs -- 3.3.1 General Considerations -- 3.3.2 Requirements of Color Conversion Phosphors -- 3.3.3 Commonly Used Activators in Color Conversion Phosphors -- 3.3.4 Strategies for Generating White Light from LEDs -- 3.3.5 Outstanding Problems with Color Conversion Phosphors for LEDs.

3.4 Survey of the Synthesis and Properties of Some Currently Available Color Conversion Phosphors -- 3.4.1 Phosphor synthesis -- 3.4.2 Metal Oxide Based Phosphors -- 3.4.3 Metal Sulfide Based Phosphors -- 3.4.4 Metal Nitrides -- 3.4.5 Alkaline Earth Metal Oxo-Nitrides -- 3.4.6 Metal Fluoride Phosphors -- 3.5 Multi-Phosphor pcLEDs -- 3.6 Quantum Dots -- 3.7 Laser Diodes -- 3.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Nitride and Oxynitride Phosphors for Light Emitting Diodes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Synthesis of Nitride and Oxynitride Phosphors -- 4.2.1 Solid State Reaction Method -- 4.2.2 Gas Reduction and Nitridation -- 4.2.3 Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation -- 4.2.4 Alloy Nitridation -- 4.2.5 Ammonothermal Synthesis -- 4.3 Photoluminescence Properties of Nitride and Oxynitride Phosphors -- 4.3.1 Luminescence Spectra of Typical Activators -- 4.4 Emerging Nitride Phosphors and Their Synthesis -- 4.4.1 Narrow-Band Red Nitride Phosphors -- 4.4.2 Narrow-Band Green Nitride Phosphors -- 4.5 Applications of Nitride Phosphors -- 4.5.1 General Lighting -- 4.5.2 LCD Backlight -- References -- Chapter 5 Organic Light Emitting Device Materials for Displays -- 5.1 Introduction to OLEDs and Organic Electroluminscent Materials -- 5.2 OLED Light Emitting Materials -- 5.2.1 Neat Emitters -- 5.2.2 Guest Emitters -- 5.2.3 Aggregate-Induced Emission -- 5.3 OLED Displays -- 5.3.1 RGB Color Patterning Approaches -- 5.3.2 Display Addressing Approaches -- 5.3.3 FMM Technology -- 5.3.4 Alternative Fabrication Techniques -- 5.3.5 Outlook on OLED Display Commercialization -- 5.4 Quantum Dot Light Emitting Devices -- 5.4.1 QD Optimization by Core-Shell Morphology -- 5.4.2 Organic Charge Transport QD-LEDs -- 5.4.3 Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Charge Transport QD-LEDs -- 5.4.4 Energy Transfer Enhanced QD-LEDs -- 5.4.5 QD-LED Lifetime -- References.

Chapter 6 White-Light Emitting Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diode-Based Displays and Lighting -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes -- 6.3 Photometry and Radiometry -- 6.3.1 OLED Efficiencies -- 6.3.2 Color Stimulus Specification -- 6.3.3 Color Correlated Temperature -- 6.3.4 Color Rendering Index -- 6.3.5 White Light -- 6.4 Device Optics -- 6.4.1 Optical Properties of Thin Films -- 6.4.2 Optical Outcoupling -- 6.4.3 Top-Emitting OLEDs -- 6.4.4 Simulation Tools -- 6.5 Materials for Efficient White Electroluminescence -- 6.5.1 Spin Statistics for Electroluminescence -- 6.5.2 Fluorescence-Emitting Molecules -- 6.5.3 Advanced Concepts Comprising Fluorescent Emitters -- 6.5.4 Phosphorescence-Emitting Molecules -- 6.5.5 Single White-Light Emitting Phosphorescent Materials -- 6.5.6 Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence-Based Emitters -- 6.5.7 Phosphorescence Versus Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence -- 6.5.8 TADF Assisted Fluorescence (TAF) Emitters -- 6.6 Polymer Concepts -- 6.6.1 Various Concepts Involving Polymer Materials -- 6.6.2 Learning from High Performance Small Molecules for High Efficiency Polymers -- 6.7 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 7 Light Emitting Diode Materials and Devices -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Light Emitting Diode Basics -- 7.2.1 Construction -- 7.2.2 Recombination Processes -- 7.2.3 Heterojunctions -- 7.2.4 Quantum Wells -- 7.2.5 Current Injection -- 7.2.6 Forward voltage -- 7.3 Material Systems -- 7.3.1 Ga(As,P) -- 7.3.2 Ga(As,P):N -- 7.3.3 (Al,Ga)As -- 7.3.4 (Al,Ga)InP -- 7.3.5 (Ga,In)N -- 7.3.6 White Light Generation -- 7.4 Packaging Technologies -- 7.4.1 Low Power -- 7.4.2 Mid Power -- 7.4.3 High Power -- 7.4.4 Chip-On-Board LEDs -- 7.4.5 Multi-Color LEDs -- 7.4.6 Electrostatic Discharge Protection -- 7.5 Performance -- 7.5.1 Light Extraction Efficiency.

7.5.2 Monochromatic Performance -- 7.5.3 White-Emitting Performance -- 7.5.4 Temperature Effects -- 7.5.5 Reliability -- References -- Chapter 8 Alternating Current Thin Film and Powder Electroluminescence -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Background of TFEL -- 8.2.1 Thick Film Dielectric EL Structure -- 8.2.2 Ceramic Sheet Dielectric EL -- 8.2.3 Sphere-Supported TFEL -- 8.3 Theory of Operation -- 8.4 Electroluminescent Phosphors -- 8.5 Thin Film Double-Insulating EL Devices -- 8.6 Current Status of TFEL -- 8.7 Background of AC Powder EL -- 8.8 Mechanism of Light Emission in AC Powder EL -- 8.9 Electroluminescence Characteristics of AC Powder EL Materials -- 8.10 Emission Spectra of AC Powder EL -- 8.11 Luminance Degradation -- 8.12 Moisture and Operating Environment -- 8.13 Current Status and Limitations of Powder EL -- 8.14 Research Directions in AC Powder EL and TFEL -- References -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.