Atlas of Acquired Cardiovascular Disease Imaging in Children.

Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1: Imaging Modalities: Advantages and Disadvantages -- 1.1 Echocardiography -- 1.2 Cardiac MRI -- 1.3 Cardiac CT Angiography -- 1.4 Nuclear Medicine Myocardial Perfusion Scan -- 1.5 Diagnostic Catheter Angiography -- 1.6 Radiography -- Suggested Reading -- 2: Cardiac CT and MR Imaging Techniques -- 2.1 Cardiac CT Angiography -- 2.1.1 Technique -- 2.1.2 Retrospective Scanning -- 2.1.3 Prospective Scanning -- 2.1.4 Comparison of Retrospective and Prospective Scanning -- 2.1.5 Radiation Dose -- 2.1.6 CT Data Post-Processing and Analysis -- 2.2 MRI Scanning Technique in Infants and Small Children -- References -- Suggested Reading -- 3: Three-Dimensional Models in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acquired Heart Disease -- 3.1 Standardized Color Coding -- 3.2 Patient-Specific Physical Models -- Suggested Reading -- 4: Marfan Syndrome -- 4.1 Key Facts -- 4.2 Imaging -- 4.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 4.2.2 ECG Findings -- 4.2.3 CT Findings -- 4.2.4 MRI Findings -- 4.2.5 Ultrasonographic Findings -- 4.2.6 Angiography -- 4.2.7 Imaging Recommendations -- 4.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 4.4 Pathology -- 4.5 Clinical Issues -- 4.5.1 Presentation -- 4.5.2 Most Common Signs and Symptoms -- 4.5.3 Other Signs and Symptoms -- 4.5.4 Diagnostic Work-Up -- 4.5.5 Treatment -- 4.5.6 Natural History and Prognosis -- References -- 5: Williams Syndrome -- 5.1 Key Facts -- 5.2 Imaging -- 5.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 5.2.2 ECG Findings -- 5.2.3 CT Findings (Contrast-Enhanced) -- 5.2.4 MRI Findings -- 5.2.5 Ultrasonographic Findings -- 5.2.6 Angiography -- 5.2.7 Cardiac Catheterization -- 5.2.8 Imaging Recommendations -- 5.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 5.4 Pathology -- 5.5 Clinical Issues -- 5.5.1 Presentation -- 5.5.1.1 Most Common Signs and Symptoms.

5.5.1.2 Other Signs and Symptoms -- 5.5.1.3 Diagnostic Work-Up -- 5.5.2 Treatment -- 5.5.3 Natural History and Prognosis -- Suggested Reading -- 6: Acquired Heart Disease in Children from Vasculitides: Kawasaki Disease and Takayasu Arteritis -- 6.1 Kawasaki disease -- 6.1.1 General -- 6.1.2 Imaging -- 6.2 Takayasu Arteritis -- 6.2.1 General -- 6.2.2 Imaging -- Suggested Reading -- 7: Myocarditis -- 7.1 Key Facts -- 7.2 Imaging -- 7.2.1 General Features -- 7.2.2 Radiographic Findings -- 7.2.3 ECG Findings -- 7.2.4 MRI Findings -- 7.2.5 Ultrasonographic Findings -- 7.2.6 Imaging Recommendations -- 7.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 7.4 Pathology -- 7.4.1 Etiology -- 7.4.2 Demographics -- 7.4.3 Gross Pathologic and Surgical Features -- 7.5 Clinical Issues -- 7.5.1 Presentation -- 7.5.1.1 Most Common Signs and Symptoms -- 7.5.1.2 Other Signs and Symptoms -- 7.5.1.3 Diagnostic Work-Up -- 7.5.2 Treatment -- 7.5.3 Natural History and Prognosis -- References -- Suggested Reading -- 8: Endocarditis -- 8.1 Key Facts -- 8.2 Imaging -- 8.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 8.2.2 ECG Findings -- 8.2.3 CT Findings -- 8.2.4 MRI Findings -- 8.2.5 Ultrasonographic Findings -- 8.2.6 Imaging Recommendations -- 8.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 8.4 Pathology -- 8.4.1 Etiology -- 8.4.2 Frequency -- 8.4.3 Gross Pathologic and Surgical Features -- 8.5 Clinical Issues -- 8.5.1 Presentation -- 8.5.1.1 Most Common Signs/Symptoms -- 8.5.1.2 Other Signs/Symptoms -- 8.5.1.3 Diagnostic Workup -- 8.5.2 Treatment -- 8.5.3 Natural History, Prognosis, and Complications -- References -- Suggested Reading -- 9: Pericarditis -- 9.1 Key Facts -- 9.2 Imaging -- 9.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 9.2.2 ECG Findings -- 9.2.3 CT Findings -- 9.2.4 MRI Findings -- 9.2.5 Ultrasonographic Findings -- 9.2.6 Imaging Recommendations.

9.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 9.4 Pathology -- 9.4.1 Etiology -- 9.4.1.1 Infectious Causes -- 9.4.1.2 Immune-Mediated Causes -- 9.4.1.3 Miscellaneous Causes -- 9.4.2 Gross Pathologic and Surgical Features -- 9.5 Clinical Issues -- 9.5.1 Presentation -- 9.5.1.1 Most Common Signs/Symptoms -- 9.5.1.2 Other Signs/Symptoms -- 9.5.1.3 Diagnostic Work-Up -- 9.5.2 Treatment -- 9.5.3 Natural History and Prognosis -- Suggested Reading -- 10: Constrictive Pericarditis -- 10.1 Key Facts -- 10.2 Imaging -- 10.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 10.2.2 ECG Findings -- 10.2.3 CT Findings -- 10.2.4 MRI Findings -- 10.2.5 Ultrasonographic Findings -- 10.2.6 Cardiac Catheterization Findings -- 10.2.7 Imaging Recommendations -- 10.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 10.4 Pathology -- 10.4.1 Etiology -- 10.4.2 Gross Pathologic and Surgical Features -- 10.5 Clinical Issues -- 10.5.1 Presentation -- 10.5.1.1 Most Common Signs/Symptoms -- 10.5.1.2 Other Signs/Symptoms -- 10.5.1.3 Diagnostic Work-Up -- 10.5.2 Treatment -- 10.5.3 Natural History and Prognosis -- References -- 11: Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease -- 11.1 Key Facts -- 11.2 Imaging -- 11.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 11.2.2 ECG Findings -- 11.2.3 CT Findings -- 11.2.4 MRI Findings -- 11.2.5 Ultrasonographic Findings -- 11.2.6 Imaging Recommendations -- 11.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 11.4 Pathology -- 11.4.1 Etiology -- 11.4.2 Demographics -- 11.4.3 Gross Pathologic and Surgical Features -- 11.4.3.1 Acute Rheumatic Fever -- 11.4.3.2 Rheumatic Heart Disease -- 11.5 Clinical Issues -- 11.5.1 Presentation -- 11.5.1.1 Most Common Signs and Symptoms -- 11.5.1.2 Other Signs and Symptoms -- 11.5.1.3 Diagnostic Work-Up -- 11.5.2 Treatment -- 11.5.3 Natural History, Prognosis, and Complications -- 11.5.3.1 Acute Rheumatic Fever -- 11.5.3.2 Rheumatic Heart Disease.

References -- Suggested Reading -- 12: Invasive Mediastinal Mucormycosis -- 12.1 Key Facts -- 12.2 Imaging -- 12.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 12.2.2 CT Findings -- 12.2.3 MRI Findings -- 12.2.4 Ultrasonographic Findings -- 12.2.5 Imaging Recommendations -- 12.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 12.4 Pathology -- 12.5 Clinical Issues -- 12.6 Treatment -- Suggested Reading -- 13: Cardiac Trauma -- 13.1 Key Facts -- 13.2 Imaging -- 13.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 13.2.2 ECG Findings -- 13.2.3 CT Findings -- 13.2.4 MRI Findings -- 13.2.5 Ultrasonographic Findings -- 13.2.6 Cardiac Catheterization -- 13.2.7 Nuclear Medicine Findings -- 13.2.8 Imaging Recommendations -- 13.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 13.4 Pathology -- 13.4.1 Etiology -- 13.4.2 Frequency -- 13.4.3 Pathophysiology -- 13.5 Clinical Issues -- 13.5.1 Presentation -- 13.5.2 Diagnostic Work-up -- 13.5.3 Treatment and Prognosis -- References -- 14: Normal Variants That May Mimic Pathology -- 14.1 Crista Terminalis -- 14.2 Eustachian Valve -- 14.3 Chiari Network -- 14.4 Moderator Band -- Suggested Reading -- 15: Cardiac Lipoma -- 15.1 Key Facts -- 15.2 Imaging -- 15.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 15.2.2 ECG Findings -- 15.2.3 CT Findings -- 15.2.4 MR Findings -- 15.2.5 Echocardiography -- 15.2.6 Imaging Recommendations -- 15.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 15.4 Pathology -- 15.5 Clinical Issues -- 15.5.1 Presentation -- 15.5.2 Treatment -- Suggested Reading -- 16: Rhabdomyoma -- 16.1 Key Facts -- 16.2 Imaging -- 16.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 16.2.2 ECG Findings -- 16.2.3 CT Findings -- 16.2.4 MRI Findings -- 16.2.5 Echocardiography Findings -- 16.2.6 Imaging Recommendations -- 16.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 16.4 Pathology -- 16.4.1 Etiology -- 16.4.2 Frequency -- 16.4.3 Gross Pathologic and Surgical Features -- 16.5 Clinical Issues.

16.5.1 Presentation -- 16.5.1.1 Most Common Signs/Symptoms -- 16.5.1.2 Other Signs/Symptoms -- 16.5.2 Treatment -- 16.5.3 Natural History and Prognosis -- Suggested Reading -- 17: Rhabdomyosarcoma -- 17.1 Key Facts -- 17.2 Imaging -- 17.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 17.2.2 CT Findings -- 17.2.3 MRI Findings -- 17.2.4 Echocardiography Findings -- 17.2.5 Imaging Recommendations -- 17.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 17.4 Pathology -- 17.4.1 Etiology -- 17.4.2 Frequency -- 17.4.3 Gross Pathologic and Surgical Features -- 17.5 Clinical Issues -- 17.5.1 Presentation -- 17.5.1.1 Most Common Signs/Symptoms -- 17.5.1.2 Other Signs/Symptoms -- 17.5.2 Treatment -- 17.5.3 Natural History and Prognosis -- References -- 18: Cardiac Fibroma -- 18.1 Key Facts -- 18.2 Imaging -- 18.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 18.2.2 ECG Findings -- 18.2.3 CT Findings -- 18.2.4 MRI Findings -- 18.2.5 Echocardiography Findings -- 18.2.6 Imaging Recommendations -- 18.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 18.4 Pathology -- 18.4.1 Etiology -- 18.4.2 Frequency -- 18.4.3 Gross Pathologic and Surgical Features -- 18.5 Clinical Issues -- 18.5.1 Presentation -- 18.5.1.1 Most Common Signs/Symptoms -- 18.5.1.2 Other Signs/Symptoms -- 18.5.2 Treatment -- 18.5.3 Natural History and Prognosis -- References -- 19: Cardiac Myxoma -- 19.1 Key Facts -- 19.2 Imaging -- 19.2.1 Radiographic Findings -- 19.2.2 ECG Findings -- 19.2.3 CT Findings -- 19.2.4 MRI Findings -- 19.2.5 Echocardiography Findings -- 19.2.6 Imaging Recommendations -- 19.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 19.4 Pathology -- 19.4.1 Etiology -- 19.4.2 Frequency -- 19.4.3 Gross Pathologic and Surgical Features -- 19.5 Clinical Issues -- 19.5.1 Presentation -- 19.5.1.1 Most Common Signs/Symptoms -- 19.5.1.2 Other Signs/Symptoms -- 19.5.2 Treatment -- 19.5.3 Natural History and Prognosis -- References.

20: Cardiac Teratoma.

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