Fundamental Bioengineering.

Intro -- Related Titles -- Title Page -- Copyright -- List of Contributors -- About the Series Editors -- Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview -- Part One: Fundamentals of Bioengineering -- Chapter 2: Experimentally Determined Rates of Bio-Reactions -- Summary -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Mass Balances for a CSTR Operating at Steady State -- 2.2 Operation of the Steady-State CSTR -- References -- Chapter 3: Redox Balances and Consistency Check of Experiments -- Summary -- 3.1 Black-Box Stoichiometry Obtained in a CSTR Operated at Steady State -- 3.2 Calculation of Stoichiometric Coefficients by Means of a Redox Balance -- 3.3 Applications of the Redox Balance -- 3.4 Composition of the Biomass X -- 3.5 Combination of Black-Box Models -- 3.6 Application of Carbon and Redox Balances in Bio-Remediation Processes -- References -- Chapter 4: Primary Metabolic Pathways and Metabolic Flux Analysis -- Summary -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 Glycolysis -- 4.2 Fermentative Metabolism: Regenerating the NAD+ Lost in Glycolysis -- 4.3 The TCA Cycle: Conversion of Pyruvate to NADH + FADH2, to Precursors or Metabolic Products -- 4.4 NADPH and Biomass Precursors Produced in the PP Pathway -- 4.5 Oxidative Phosphorylation: Production of ATP from NADH (FADH2) in Aerobic Fermentation -- 4.6 Summary of the Biochemistry of Primary Metabolic Pathways -- 4.7 Metabolic Flux Analysis Discussed in Terms of Substrate to Product Pathways -- 4.8 Metabolic Flux Analysis Discussed in Terms of Individual Pathway Rates in the Network -- 4.9 Propagation of Experimental Errors in MFA -- 4.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: A Primer to 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis -- Summary -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Input and Output Data of 13C MFA -- 5.3 A Brief History of 13C MFA -- 5.4 An Illustrative Toy Example -- 5.5 The Atom Transition Network -- 5.6 Isotopomers and Isotopomer Fractions.

5.7 The Isotopomer Transition Network -- 5.8 Isotopomer Labeling Balances -- 5.9 Simulating an Isotope Labeling Experiment -- 5.10 Isotopic Steady State -- 5.11 Flux Identifiability -- 5.12 Measurement Models -- 5.13 Statistical Considerations -- 5.14 Experimental Design -- 5.15 Exchange Fluxes -- 5.16 Multidimensional Flux Identifiability -- 5.17 Multidimensional Flux Estimation -- 5.18 The General Parameter Fitting Procedure -- 5.19 Multidimensional Statistics -- 5.20 Multidimensional Experimental Design -- 5.21 The Isotopically Nonstationary Case -- 5.22 Some Final Remarks on Network Specification -- 5.23 Algorithms and Software Frameworks for 13C MFA -- Glossary -- References -- Chapter 6: Genome-Scale Models -- Summary -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Reconstruction Process of Genome-Scale Models -- 6.3 Genome-Scale Model Prediction -- 6.4 Genome-Scale Models of Prokaryotes -- 6.5 Genome-Scale Models of Eukaryotes -- 6.6 Integration of Polyomic Data into Genome-Scale Models -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 7: Kinetics of Bio-Reactions -- Summary -- 7.1 Simple Models for Enzymatic Reactions and for Cell Reactions with Unstructured Biomass -- 7.2 Variants of Michaelis-Menten and Monod kinetics -- 7.3 Summary of Enzyme Kinetics and the Kinetics for Cell Reactions -- 7.4 Cell Reactions with Unsteady State Kinetics -- 7.5 Cybernetic Modeling of Cellular Kinetics -- 7.6 Bioreactions with Diffusion Resistance -- 7.7 Sequences of Enzymatic Reactions: Optimal Allocation of Enzyme Levels -- References -- Chapter 8: Application of Dynamic Models for Optimal Redesign of Cell Factories -- Summary -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Kinetics of Pathway Reactions: the Need to Measure in a Very Narrow Time Window -- 8.3 Tools for In Vivo Diagnosis of Pathway Reactions -- 8.4 Examples: The Pentose-Phosphate Shunt and Kinetics of Phosphofructokinase.

8.5 Additional Approaches for Dynamic Modeling Large Metabolic Networks -- 8.6 Dynamic Models Used for Redesigning Cell Factories. Examples: Optimal Ethanol Production in Yeast and Optimal Production of Tryptophan in E. Coli -- 8.7 Target Identification for Drug Development -- References -- Chapter 9: Chemical Thermodynamics Applied in Bioengineering -- Summary -- 9.0 Introduction -- 9.1 Chemical Equilibrium and Thermodynamic State Functions -- 9.2 Thermodynamic Properties Obtained from Galvanic Cells -- 9.3 Conversion of Free Energy Harbored in NADH and FADH2 to ATP in Oxidative Phosphorylation -- 9.4 Calculation of Heat of Reaction Q=(−ΔHc) and of (−ΔGc) Based on Redox Balances -- References -- Part Two: Bioreactors -- Chapter 10: Design of Ideal Bioreactors -- Summary -- 10.0 Introduction -- 10.1 The Design Basis for a Once-Through Steady-State CSTR -- 10.2 Combination of Several Steady-State CSTRs in Parallel or in Series -- 10.3 Recirculation of Biomass in a Single Steady-State CSTR -- 10.4 A Steady-State CSTR with Uptake of Substrates from a Gas Phase -- 10.5 Fed-Batch Operation of a Stirred Tank Reactor in the Bio-Industry -- 10.6 Loop Reactors: a Modern Version of Airlift Reactors -- References -- Chapter 11: Mixing and Mass Transfer in Industrial Bioreactors -- Summary -- 11.0 Introduction -- 11.1 Definitions of Mixing Processes -- 11.2 The Power Input P Delivered by Mechanical Stirring -- 11.3 Mixing and Mass Transfer in Industrial Reactors -- 11.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part Three: Downstream Processing -- Chapter 12: Product Recovery from the Cultures -- Summary -- 12.0 Introduction -- 12.1 Steps in Downstream Processing and Product Recovery -- 12.2 Baker's Yeast -- 12.3 Xanthan Gum -- 12.4 Penicillin -- 12.5 α-A Interferon -- 12.6 Insulin -- 12.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Purification of Bio-Products -- Summary.

13.1 Methods and Types of Separations in Chromatography -- 13.2 Materials Used in Chromatographic Separations -- 13.3 Chromatographic Theory -- 13.4 Practical Considerations in Column Chromatographic Applications -- 13.5 Scale-Up -- 13.6 Industrial Applications -- 13.7 Some Alternatives to Column Chromatographic Techniques -- 13.8 Electrodialysis -- 13.9 Electrophoresis -- 13.10 Conclusions -- References -- Part Four: Process Development, Management and Control -- Chapter 14: Real-Time Measurement and Monitoring of Bioprocesses -- Summary -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Variables that should be Known -- 14.3 Variables Easily Accessible and Standard -- 14.4 Variables Requiring More Monitoring Effort and Not Yet Standard -- 14.5 Data Evaluation -- References -- Chapter 15: Control of Bioprocesses -- Summary -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Bioprocess Control -- 15.3 Principles and Basic Algorithms in Process Control -- References -- Chapter 16: Scale-Up and Scale-Down -- Summary -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Description of the Large Scale -- 16.3 Scale-Down -- 16.4 Investigations at Lab Scale -- 16.5 Scale-Up -- 16.6 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 17: Commercial Development of Fermentation Processes -- Summary -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Basic Principles of Developing New Fermentation Processes -- 17.3 Techno-economic Analysis: the Link Between Science, Engineering, and Economy -- 17.4 From Fermentation Process Development to the Market -- 17.5 The Industrial Angle and Opportunities in the Chemical Industry -- 17.6 Evaluation of Business Opportunities -- 17.7 Concluding Remarks and Outlook -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.