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International Law and Transnational Organised Crime.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2016Copyright date: ©2016Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (609 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9780191053474
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: International Law and Transnational Organised CrimeDDC classification:
  • 345.02
LOC classification:
  • K5240.I584 2016
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- International Law and Transnational Organised Crime -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Table of Cases and Other Decisions -- Table of Legislation -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Contributors -- I. General Questions -- 1. The Historical Evolution of the International Cooperation against Transnational Organised Crime: An Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Organised crime: theoretical considerations -- 1.2 Early Beginnings -- 1.2.1 Piracy and privateering -- 1.3 Institutionalization in the Early Years of the Twentieth Century -- 1.3.1 Slave trade and human traffic -- 1.3.2 Trafficking in humans -- 1.3.3 Trafficking in organs for transplantation -- 1.3.4 Opium -- 1.3.5 Interpol -- 1.4 Modern Era -- 1.4.1 Transnational organised crime and the financial markets -- 1.4.2 Organised crime control and global crime governance -- 1.5 Regional Arrangements -- 1.6 Harmonization -- 1.6.1 Transnational vs international crimes -- 1.6.2 World Society Theory -- 1.6.3 Rationalization -- 1.6.4 Police and technology -- 1.6.5 Random collection -- 1.6.6 Cryptography -- 1.6.7 Extradition -- 1.7 Fragmentation? -- 1.7.1 Waste: present and future opportunity and risk -- 1.8 Final Observations -- 2. Transnational Organised Crime: Concepts and Critics -- 2.1 Transnational Organised Crime as a Linguistic and Social Construct -- 2.1.1 What does transnational organised crime denote? -- 2.1.2 What does transnational organised crime connote? -- 2.1.3 The exclusion of certain sociological issues -- 2.2 Conceptions of Organised Crime: A Phenomenology -- 2.2.1 Two meanings -- 2.2.2 Recent developments -- 2.2.3 Distinguishing organised crime from other phenomena -- 2.3 Conceptions of Transnational Organised Crime -- 2.3.1 The phenomenology of transnational and international crime -- 2.3.2 Legal aspects of transnational and international crime.
2.3.3 Significant elements, areas of activity, and manifestations -- 2.3.4 SOCTA 2013 and the current situation in Europe -- 2.4 Looking to the Future -- 2.4.1 Introduction -- 2.4.2 Key factors -- 2.4.3 Changes to types of offending -- 2.5 Conclusion -- 3. Transnational Organised Crime and its Impacts on States and Societies -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Assessment of Difficulties -- 3.3 Conditions for the Flourishing of TOC -- 3.3.1 Legal conditions -- 3.3.2 Institutional conditions -- 3.3.3 Socio-.economic conditions -- 3.4 TOC and its Impact on Societies -- 3.4.1 Direct vs indirect impacts -- 3.4.2 Moral panics and TOC -- 3.4.3 Organised exploitation -- 3.5 TOC and its Impact on States -- 3.5.1 Economic impacts -- 3.5.2 Political impacts -- 3.5.3 Impacts on the rule of law -- 3.6 Final Observations -- 4. The EU and the Fight against Organised Crime -- 4.1 Origins -- 4.1.1 Transnational organised crime-.appearances and dangers -- 4.1.2 European criminal policy -- 4.2 Legal Bases -- 4.2.1 The Maastricht Treaty -- 4.2.2 Treaty of Amsterdam -- 4.2.3 Treaty of Lisbon -- 4.2.4 Primary EU law -- 4.2.5 Secondary EU law -- 4.3 Institutionalizing Cooperation against TOC -- 4.3.1 Europol -- 4.3.2 Eurojust -- 4.4 Final Observations -- 5. Transnational Organised Crime and Terrorism -- 5.1 Historical Evolution of Terrorism -- 5.1.1 Eighteenth-. and nineteenth-.century precedents -- 5.1.2 Nationalist-.separatist terrorism -- 5.1.3 Social revolutionary terrorism -- 5.1.4 Religious terrorism -- 5.1.5 Concluding considerations -- 5.2 Concept of Terrorism -- 5.2.1 The international law on terrorism -- 5.2.2 Remaining definitional problems -- 5.3 The Distinction between TOC and Terrorism -- 5.3.1 Links between TOC and terrorism-.the debate on the crime-.terror continuum -- 5.3.2 Applicability of the international law on terrorism to TOC -- 5.3.3 Conclusions.
II. UN Core Conventions on Transnational Organised Crime -- 6. The Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 and the Global War on Drugs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Organised Crime and International Drug Trafficking -- 6.3 Prohibition and the Global Drug Control Regime -- 6.4 Early Attempts to Establish a Global Drug Control Regime -- 6.5 The Creation of the International Drug Convention System, 1961-.88 -- 6.6 The Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 -- 6.7 Undermining the Conventions -- 6.8 The Road to Reform of the Conventions -- 6.9 Conclusion -- 7. The UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime 2000 -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Development of the UNTOC -- 7.3 Criminalizing the Organisation of Serious Crime for Benefit -- 7.3.1 From organised crime to organised criminal group -- 7.3.2 Defining the organised criminal group (OCG) -- 7.3.3 Defining 'transnational' -- 7.3.4 From every crime to serious crime -- 7.3.5 The scope of application -- 7.4 Offences in the UNTOC -- 7.4.1 The double strategy-.basic crimes and organisational/.infrastructural crimes -- 7.4.2 Participation in an OCG -- 7.4.3 Money laundering -- 7.4.4 Corruption -- 7.4.5 Obstruction of justice -- 7.4.6 Corporate liability -- 7.4.7 Penalties -- 7.4.8 Confiscation -- 7.4.9 Legality or over-.criminalization? -- 7.5 The Provisions for International Cooperation -- 7.6 Implementation -- 7.7 Final Observation -- 8. The UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons 2000 -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Through a Gendered Lens-.The Development of Trafficking Instruments until 2000 -- 8.3 The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children -- 8.3.1 Development and drafting of a new instrument.
8.3.2 Trafficking in persons as a transnational crime -- 8.3.3 Effective remedy for and protection of victims of trafficking -- 8.3.4 Prevention -- 8.3.5 Cooperation in a common effort: states and NGOs -- 8.3.6 The UN Protocol and public international law -- 8.4 Implementing the Protocol -- 8.5 Conclusions -- 9. The UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air 2000 -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Evolution and Background -- 9.2.1 Background and settings -- 9.2.2 Outline of the protocol -- 9.3 Definitions and Terminology -- 9.3.1 'Smuggling of migrants' -- 9.3.2 'Financial or other material benefit' -- 9.3.3 Smuggling of migrants vs trafficking in persons -- 9.4 Criminal Offences, Article 6 -- 9.4.1 General requirements for all offences -- 9.4.2 Penalties -- 9.4.3 Offence of smuggling of migrants, Article 6(1)(a) -- 9.4.4 Producing, procuring, providing, or possessing fraudulent travel or identity documents, Article 6(1)(b) -- 9.4.5 Enabling illegal stay, Article 6(1)(c) -- 9.4.6 Extensions to criminal liability, Article 6(2) -- 9.4.7 Aggravations, Article 6(3) -- 9.5 Exemptions and Limitations of Criminal Liability -- 9.5.1 Humanitarian smuggling -- 9.5.2 Smuggling of family members -- 9.5.3 Non-.criminalization of smuggled migrants, Article 5 -- 9.6 Smuggling of Migrants by Sea -- 9.7 Prevention, Cooperation, and Other Measures -- 9.8 Protection of Smuggled Migrants -- 9.8.1 Protection of the rights of smuggled migrants -- 9.8.2 Assistance to smuggled migrants -- 9.8.3 Refugee and human rights law -- 9.9 Observations and Conclusions -- 9.9.1 Concepts and criminalization -- 9.9.2 Cooperation -- 9.9.3 Protection of smuggled migrants -- 9.9.4 Non-.party states -- 9.9.5 Concluding remarks -- 10. The UN Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components, and Ammunition 2001.
10.1 The Social Problem of Firearms Regulation and the Municipal Criminal Law Response -- 10.2 The Movement for International Firearms Regulation -- 10.2.1 Negotiations for international illicit firearms regulation generally -- 10.2.2 Regulation of illicit firearms relating to organised crime -- 10.3 Analysis of the Key Provisions of the Protocol -- 10.3.1 Preamble -- 10.3.2 Part I-.general provisions -- 10.3.3 Part II-.prevention -- 10.3.4 Part III-.final provisions -- 10.4 Negotiating History of the Protocol -- 10.4.1 Preamble -- 10.4.2 Part I-.general provisions -- 10.4.3 Part II-.prevention -- 10.4.4 Deleted provisions -- 10.5 Implementation of the Protocol and Subsequent Developments -- 10.5.1 Impact of the Protocol on international practice -- 10.5.2 Beyond the Protocol -- 10.5.3 Final observation -- 11. The United Nations Convention against Corruption and its Criminal Law Provisions -- 11.1 Origins of the UNCAC -- 11.2 Significance and Scope -- 11.3 Mandatory Criminal Law Provisions -- 11.3.1 Bribery of national public officials (Article 15) -- 11.3.2 Bribery of foreign public officials and officials of public international organisations (Article 16) -- 11.3.3 Embezzlement of property by a public official (Article 17) -- 11.3.4 Laundering of the proceeds of crime (Article 23) -- 11.3.5 Obstruction of justice (Article 25) -- 11.4 Non-.Mandatory Criminal Law Provisions -- 11.4.1 Trading in influence (Article 18) -- 11.4.2 Abuse of functions (Article 19) -- 11.4.3 Article 21: bribery in the private sector -- 11.5 Review Mechanism and Implementation -- III. Other Relevant International Regimes and Issues -- 12. Transnational Organised Crime and the Anti-.Money Laundering Regime -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Money Laundering Concept -- 12.3 The Global Anti-.Money Laundering Framework -- 12.3.1 The development of international standards.
12.3.2 The international legal framework.
Summary: Examining the various sources of law that form this area of growing academic and practical importance, International Law and Transnational Organised Crime provides readers with a thorough understanding of the key concepts and legal instruments in international law governing transnational organised crime.
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Cover -- International Law and Transnational Organised Crime -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Table of Cases and Other Decisions -- Table of Legislation -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Contributors -- I. General Questions -- 1. The Historical Evolution of the International Cooperation against Transnational Organised Crime: An Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Organised crime: theoretical considerations -- 1.2 Early Beginnings -- 1.2.1 Piracy and privateering -- 1.3 Institutionalization in the Early Years of the Twentieth Century -- 1.3.1 Slave trade and human traffic -- 1.3.2 Trafficking in humans -- 1.3.3 Trafficking in organs for transplantation -- 1.3.4 Opium -- 1.3.5 Interpol -- 1.4 Modern Era -- 1.4.1 Transnational organised crime and the financial markets -- 1.4.2 Organised crime control and global crime governance -- 1.5 Regional Arrangements -- 1.6 Harmonization -- 1.6.1 Transnational vs international crimes -- 1.6.2 World Society Theory -- 1.6.3 Rationalization -- 1.6.4 Police and technology -- 1.6.5 Random collection -- 1.6.6 Cryptography -- 1.6.7 Extradition -- 1.7 Fragmentation? -- 1.7.1 Waste: present and future opportunity and risk -- 1.8 Final Observations -- 2. Transnational Organised Crime: Concepts and Critics -- 2.1 Transnational Organised Crime as a Linguistic and Social Construct -- 2.1.1 What does transnational organised crime denote? -- 2.1.2 What does transnational organised crime connote? -- 2.1.3 The exclusion of certain sociological issues -- 2.2 Conceptions of Organised Crime: A Phenomenology -- 2.2.1 Two meanings -- 2.2.2 Recent developments -- 2.2.3 Distinguishing organised crime from other phenomena -- 2.3 Conceptions of Transnational Organised Crime -- 2.3.1 The phenomenology of transnational and international crime -- 2.3.2 Legal aspects of transnational and international crime.

2.3.3 Significant elements, areas of activity, and manifestations -- 2.3.4 SOCTA 2013 and the current situation in Europe -- 2.4 Looking to the Future -- 2.4.1 Introduction -- 2.4.2 Key factors -- 2.4.3 Changes to types of offending -- 2.5 Conclusion -- 3. Transnational Organised Crime and its Impacts on States and Societies -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Assessment of Difficulties -- 3.3 Conditions for the Flourishing of TOC -- 3.3.1 Legal conditions -- 3.3.2 Institutional conditions -- 3.3.3 Socio-.economic conditions -- 3.4 TOC and its Impact on Societies -- 3.4.1 Direct vs indirect impacts -- 3.4.2 Moral panics and TOC -- 3.4.3 Organised exploitation -- 3.5 TOC and its Impact on States -- 3.5.1 Economic impacts -- 3.5.2 Political impacts -- 3.5.3 Impacts on the rule of law -- 3.6 Final Observations -- 4. The EU and the Fight against Organised Crime -- 4.1 Origins -- 4.1.1 Transnational organised crime-.appearances and dangers -- 4.1.2 European criminal policy -- 4.2 Legal Bases -- 4.2.1 The Maastricht Treaty -- 4.2.2 Treaty of Amsterdam -- 4.2.3 Treaty of Lisbon -- 4.2.4 Primary EU law -- 4.2.5 Secondary EU law -- 4.3 Institutionalizing Cooperation against TOC -- 4.3.1 Europol -- 4.3.2 Eurojust -- 4.4 Final Observations -- 5. Transnational Organised Crime and Terrorism -- 5.1 Historical Evolution of Terrorism -- 5.1.1 Eighteenth-. and nineteenth-.century precedents -- 5.1.2 Nationalist-.separatist terrorism -- 5.1.3 Social revolutionary terrorism -- 5.1.4 Religious terrorism -- 5.1.5 Concluding considerations -- 5.2 Concept of Terrorism -- 5.2.1 The international law on terrorism -- 5.2.2 Remaining definitional problems -- 5.3 The Distinction between TOC and Terrorism -- 5.3.1 Links between TOC and terrorism-.the debate on the crime-.terror continuum -- 5.3.2 Applicability of the international law on terrorism to TOC -- 5.3.3 Conclusions.

II. UN Core Conventions on Transnational Organised Crime -- 6. The Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 and the Global War on Drugs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Organised Crime and International Drug Trafficking -- 6.3 Prohibition and the Global Drug Control Regime -- 6.4 Early Attempts to Establish a Global Drug Control Regime -- 6.5 The Creation of the International Drug Convention System, 1961-.88 -- 6.6 The Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 -- 6.7 Undermining the Conventions -- 6.8 The Road to Reform of the Conventions -- 6.9 Conclusion -- 7. The UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime 2000 -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Development of the UNTOC -- 7.3 Criminalizing the Organisation of Serious Crime for Benefit -- 7.3.1 From organised crime to organised criminal group -- 7.3.2 Defining the organised criminal group (OCG) -- 7.3.3 Defining 'transnational' -- 7.3.4 From every crime to serious crime -- 7.3.5 The scope of application -- 7.4 Offences in the UNTOC -- 7.4.1 The double strategy-.basic crimes and organisational/.infrastructural crimes -- 7.4.2 Participation in an OCG -- 7.4.3 Money laundering -- 7.4.4 Corruption -- 7.4.5 Obstruction of justice -- 7.4.6 Corporate liability -- 7.4.7 Penalties -- 7.4.8 Confiscation -- 7.4.9 Legality or over-.criminalization? -- 7.5 The Provisions for International Cooperation -- 7.6 Implementation -- 7.7 Final Observation -- 8. The UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons 2000 -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Through a Gendered Lens-.The Development of Trafficking Instruments until 2000 -- 8.3 The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children -- 8.3.1 Development and drafting of a new instrument.

8.3.2 Trafficking in persons as a transnational crime -- 8.3.3 Effective remedy for and protection of victims of trafficking -- 8.3.4 Prevention -- 8.3.5 Cooperation in a common effort: states and NGOs -- 8.3.6 The UN Protocol and public international law -- 8.4 Implementing the Protocol -- 8.5 Conclusions -- 9. The UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air 2000 -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Evolution and Background -- 9.2.1 Background and settings -- 9.2.2 Outline of the protocol -- 9.3 Definitions and Terminology -- 9.3.1 'Smuggling of migrants' -- 9.3.2 'Financial or other material benefit' -- 9.3.3 Smuggling of migrants vs trafficking in persons -- 9.4 Criminal Offences, Article 6 -- 9.4.1 General requirements for all offences -- 9.4.2 Penalties -- 9.4.3 Offence of smuggling of migrants, Article 6(1)(a) -- 9.4.4 Producing, procuring, providing, or possessing fraudulent travel or identity documents, Article 6(1)(b) -- 9.4.5 Enabling illegal stay, Article 6(1)(c) -- 9.4.6 Extensions to criminal liability, Article 6(2) -- 9.4.7 Aggravations, Article 6(3) -- 9.5 Exemptions and Limitations of Criminal Liability -- 9.5.1 Humanitarian smuggling -- 9.5.2 Smuggling of family members -- 9.5.3 Non-.criminalization of smuggled migrants, Article 5 -- 9.6 Smuggling of Migrants by Sea -- 9.7 Prevention, Cooperation, and Other Measures -- 9.8 Protection of Smuggled Migrants -- 9.8.1 Protection of the rights of smuggled migrants -- 9.8.2 Assistance to smuggled migrants -- 9.8.3 Refugee and human rights law -- 9.9 Observations and Conclusions -- 9.9.1 Concepts and criminalization -- 9.9.2 Cooperation -- 9.9.3 Protection of smuggled migrants -- 9.9.4 Non-.party states -- 9.9.5 Concluding remarks -- 10. The UN Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components, and Ammunition 2001.

10.1 The Social Problem of Firearms Regulation and the Municipal Criminal Law Response -- 10.2 The Movement for International Firearms Regulation -- 10.2.1 Negotiations for international illicit firearms regulation generally -- 10.2.2 Regulation of illicit firearms relating to organised crime -- 10.3 Analysis of the Key Provisions of the Protocol -- 10.3.1 Preamble -- 10.3.2 Part I-.general provisions -- 10.3.3 Part II-.prevention -- 10.3.4 Part III-.final provisions -- 10.4 Negotiating History of the Protocol -- 10.4.1 Preamble -- 10.4.2 Part I-.general provisions -- 10.4.3 Part II-.prevention -- 10.4.4 Deleted provisions -- 10.5 Implementation of the Protocol and Subsequent Developments -- 10.5.1 Impact of the Protocol on international practice -- 10.5.2 Beyond the Protocol -- 10.5.3 Final observation -- 11. The United Nations Convention against Corruption and its Criminal Law Provisions -- 11.1 Origins of the UNCAC -- 11.2 Significance and Scope -- 11.3 Mandatory Criminal Law Provisions -- 11.3.1 Bribery of national public officials (Article 15) -- 11.3.2 Bribery of foreign public officials and officials of public international organisations (Article 16) -- 11.3.3 Embezzlement of property by a public official (Article 17) -- 11.3.4 Laundering of the proceeds of crime (Article 23) -- 11.3.5 Obstruction of justice (Article 25) -- 11.4 Non-.Mandatory Criminal Law Provisions -- 11.4.1 Trading in influence (Article 18) -- 11.4.2 Abuse of functions (Article 19) -- 11.4.3 Article 21: bribery in the private sector -- 11.5 Review Mechanism and Implementation -- III. Other Relevant International Regimes and Issues -- 12. Transnational Organised Crime and the Anti-.Money Laundering Regime -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Money Laundering Concept -- 12.3 The Global Anti-.Money Laundering Framework -- 12.3.1 The development of international standards.

12.3.2 The international legal framework.

Examining the various sources of law that form this area of growing academic and practical importance, International Law and Transnational Organised Crime provides readers with a thorough understanding of the key concepts and legal instruments in international law governing transnational organised crime.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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