Penal Reform in Overcrowded Times.

Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction: Penal Policies at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century -- The Importance of Penal Policy -- The Determinants of Penal Policy -- The Transferability of Penal Policy -- The Spread of Innovation -- ONE: Penal Developments in America -- The Punitiveness Story -- The Sentencing Story -- The Fragmentation Story -- The United States -- U.S. Sentencing Systems Fragmenting -- The Status of Sentencing Guideline Reforms in the United States -- Political Preoccupation with Crime Leads, Not Follows, Public Opinion -- The Penal System as Labor Market Institution: Jobs and Jails, 1980-1995 -- Why Are U.S. Incarceration Rates So High? -- Early State Guidelines Systems -- Washington State Sentencing Changes, 1994-1997 -- Ohio Guidelines Take Effect -- Pennsylvania Revises Sentencing Guidelines -- North Carolina -- North Carolina Prepares for Guidelines Sentencing -- Sentencing Changes in North Carolina -- Flexibility in North Carolina Structured Sentencing, 1995-1997 -- TWO: Penal Developments in Europe and Japan -- Incarceration Rates across the World -- Scandinavia -- Penal Sanctions and the Use of Imprisonment in Denmark -- Sentencing Law, Policy, and Patterns in Sweden -- Norway Prison Use Up Slightly, Community Penalties Lots -- Sentencing and Punishment in Finland -- Recent Trends in Finnish Sentencing Policy -- Germany -- Sentencing and Punishment in Germany -- France -- French Prison Numbers Stable since 1988, but Populations Changing -- Netherlands -- Sentencing and Punishment in the Netherlands -- Prison Population Growing Faster in the Netherlands than in the United States -- The Netherlands Adopts Numerical Prosecution Guidelines -- New Sanctions Proliferating in the Netherlands -- Dutch Penal Policies Changing Direction -- Switzerland -- Sentencing in Switzerland in 2000 -- Japan.

Prison Population in Japan Stable for 30 Years -- THREE: Penal Developments in English-Speaking Countries -- Australia -- Sentencing and Punishment in Australia in the 1990s -- Prison Populations Up, Sentencing Policy Harsher in Australia -- Understanding Rising Prison Populations in Australia -- Canada -- Reforming Sentencing and Parole in Canada -- Imprisonment Rates in Canada: One Law, 10 Outcomes -- England/Wales -- New Sentencing Laws Take Effect in England -- English Penal Policies and Prisons: Going for Broke -- English Believe Sentences Soft and Crime Rising -- Imprisonment in England and Wales: Flood Tide, but on the Turn? -- English Sentencing: From Enlightenment to Darkness in a Decade -- Ireland -- Sentencing and Punishment in Ireland -- References -- Acknowledgments.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.