Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems : A Human Systems Integration Perspective.

Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems: A Human Systems Integration Perspective -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Author Biographies -- 1: Human Systems Integration for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems -- 1.1 What is HSI? -- 1.2 Why HSI of RPAS? -- 1.3 Terminology -- 1.4 The Broad Scope of RPAS -- 1.4.1 Air Vehicle Design -- 1.4.2 Operation -- 1.4.3 Ground Control Systems (GCS) -- 1.4.4 Crew Requirements -- 1.5 Overview of Volume -- 1.5.1 Development Process -- 1.5.2 Overview of Chapter Content -- 1.6 Concept Mapping Exercise -- 1.7 Implications of HSI Approach for the future of RPAS -- References -- 2: Evolution of Human Systems Integration for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 A Brief History of Military RPAS -- 2.2.1 Unmanned Aircraft Prior to World War II -- 2.2.2 World War II: Aerial Targets and Standoff Weapons -- 2.2.3 Targets to Reconnaissance Aircraft -- 2.2.4 MQM-105 Aquila: HSI Lessons Learned -- 2.3 Competing Programs: National Reconnaissance Office and the Joint Remotely Piloted Vehicle Program -- 2.3.1 RQ-4 Global Hawk and the Advent of the Autonomous RPAS -- 2.3.2 RQ-5 Hunter: A Poor Start for a New Approach to Acquisition -- 2.3.3 RQ-7 Shadow: From Strategic Intelligence to Tactical Reconnaissance -- 2.3.4 MQ-1 Predator, MQ-1C Gray Eagle and the Evolution of the Armed RPAS -- 2.3.5 RPA Evolution after Predator: MQ-9/Predator B/Reaper, Altair, Ikhana, Mariner -- 2.3.6 Progeny of Global Hawk: MQ-4C Triton Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS) System -- 2.4 Contemporary International RPAS Serving Israel and Allied Nations -- 2.4.1 Hermes 900 and 450 -- 2.4.2 Heron and its Many Derivatives -- 2.5 Small RPAS -- 2.5.1 RQ-11B Raven -- 2.5.2 Tarantula Hawk -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Policy Issues of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems -- 3.1 Introduction.

3.2 The Current State and Issues for RPAS and Policy -- 3.2.1 Invasion on Citizens by the Government -- 3.2.2 Invasion on Citizens by Citizens -- 3.2.3 Invasion on Business by Business -- 3.2.4 Invasion on Citizens by Organizations or Business -- 3.3 Legal Issues -- 3.3.1 The United States Constitution and the Fourth Amendment -- 3.4 United States Military and Government -- 3.4.1 When Department of Defense Assets and Personnel Can Be Used -- 3.4.2 What is Incident Awareness and Assessment and Protection of US Citizen's Privacy -- 3.5 An Innovative Approach to Civilian Compliance -- 3.5.1 Lessons Learned -- 3.6 Case Studies -- 3.6.1 Civilian Law Enforcement -- 3.6.2 RPAS Use in Monitoring Traffic -- 3.6.3 Precision Agriculture -- 3.6.4 Environmental Research -- 3.6.5 Military -- 3.7 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 4: Ground Control Systems -- 4.1 Scope and Overview -- 4.2 Ground Control Systems -- 4.2.1 GCS Interface -- 4.2.2 Levels of Automation -- 4.2.3 Navigation and Terrain Mapping -- 4.2.4 Detect and Avoid, Communication, and Lost Link Technologies -- 4.2.5 User Interface Trends for Advanced Cockpits -- 4.3 Design Lessons Learned -- 4.4 Future Design -- 4.4.1 Multi-Vehicle/Multi-Domain -- 4.4.2 Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) -- 4.4.3 Increased Autonomy -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5: Human-Autonomy Collaboration and Coordination Toward Multi-RPA Missions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Application Area -- 5.2.1 Beyond Supervisory Control -- 5.2.2 RPAS Control Domain Examples -- 5.2.3 Design Challenges for Collaboration -- 5.2.4 Toward Collaborative Interaction Design -- 5.3 Supporting Human-Autonomy Interaction -- 5.3.1 Intent and Decision Support -- 5.3.2 Information Fusion and Summary -- 5.4 Candidate Interfaces for Human-RPAS Collaboration and Coordination -- 5.4.1 Glyph Portrayal of Information -- 5.4.2 Timeline Interfaces.

5.4.3 Spatial Aural Displays -- 5.4.4 Flexible Adaptable Control -- 5.4.5 Other Control Technologies -- 5.4.6 Candidate Interface Evaluations Required -- 5.5 Open Problems, Needs, Challenges -- References -- 6: Selection Methods for Operators of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 What is RPAS Selection and Why is it Important? -- 6.3 Overview of the RPAS Operator Selection and Training Process -- 6.3.1 Military Aviation -- 6.3.2 Commercial Aviation -- 6.4 Types of Validity and Validation Studies -- 6.4.1 Types of Validity -- 6.4.2 What is a Validation Study? -- 6.4.3 Conducting Personnel Selection Studies -- 6.5 RPAS Job/Task Analyses Results -- 6.5.1 Review of Studies -- 6.5.2 Comparison of Unmanned and Manned Aircraft SAOCs -- 6.5.3 Summary of RPAS SAOCs -- 6.6 Predictive Validation Studies in Military RPAS Training -- 6.6.1 RPAS Pilot Training Performance -- 6.6.2 RPAS Sensor Operator (SO) Training Performance -- 6.6.3 Role of Prior Experience on RPAS Pilot Performance -- 6.7 Potential Impact of New Technology on RPAS Operator SAOC Requirements -- 6.8 Future Trends in the Measurement of RPAS Operator Aptitude -- 6.9 Recommendations for Researchers and Practitioners -- 6.9.1 What We Know -- 6.9.2 What We Need to Learn More About -- References -- 7: Training Issues for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems from a Human Systems Integration Perspective -- 7.1 Human Systems Integration and RPAS Training -- 7.2 The Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Opportunity - Not off to a Good Start -- 7.3 Some Positive Signs -- 7.4 Impact of Training -- 7.4.1 A Military Perspective -- 7.4.2 The Collegiate Perspective -- 7.4.3 The Collegiate Aviation Model -- 7.5 Defining Training Requirements -- 7.6 Training Environment Limitations -- 7.7 Human Cognitive Requirements -- 7.8 Social Limitations -- 7.9 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References.

8: Psychosocial Effects of Remote Operations -- 8.1 The Problem -- 8.2 What Do We Know About Psychosocial Effects of Remote Operation? -- 8.2.1 Emotional and Social Readiness -- 8.2.2 Mental Health -- 8.2.3 Fatigue and Burnout -- 8.2.4 Stress -- 8.2.5 Career Progression -- 8.3 How is RPAS Warfare Different? -- 8.3.1 Remote Operations: Acting -- 8.3.2 Remote Operations: Sensing -- 8.3.3 The Pace of Work -- 8.3.4 Social Support -- 8.3.5 Technological Issues -- 8.4 Perspectives of a Remote Operator -- 8.4.1 What are Your Thoughts about RPAS and Psychosocial Issues in General? -- 8.4.2 Are RPAS Operations Stressful? -- 8.4.3 Is RPAS Operation Like Playing a Video Game? -- 8.4.4 How Does RPAS Operation Affect Family Life? -- 8.4.5 Are There Emotional Effects of RPAS Operation? -- 8.4.6 What is RPAS Like as a Career Field? -- 8.4.7 Is the RPAS Technology Easy to Use? -- 8.5 Reframing Psychosocial Issues of RPAS Operations -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- 9: Integrating Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace System -- 9.1 Background -- 9.1.1 Uses of and Motivations for Bringing RPASs into the NAS -- 9.1.2 A History of HSI Neglect -- 9.1.3 Balancing the Constraints -- 9.1.4 HSI Integration Challenges and Research -- 9.2 Human-Machine Interface Designs for NAS Operations -- 9.2.1 Human-Automation Interface Design -- 9.2.2 Pilot-Centric GCS Design -- 9.2.3 Traffic/Airspace Information Displays for Separation Assurance -- 9.2.4 System Predictability and Contingency Management -- 9.3 Personnel and Organizational Standards -- 9.3.1 Pilot Certification and Training -- 9.3.2 Crew Configuration and Coordination -- 9.3.3 Aircraft Handoffs -- 9.3.4 Shift Schedules and Fatigue -- 9.4 System-Wide Performance Implications -- 9.5 Research and Development Initiatives and Progress -- 9.6 International Initiatives -- 9.7 Measuring Effectiveness.

9.8 Conclusions -- References -- 10: The Path Forward for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Policy -- 10.3 Standards and Certification -- 10.4 Technology -- 10.4.1 Reference Framework for RPAS Technology Assessment and Development -- 10.4.2 Selected General Issues -- 10.5 Selection and Training -- 10.5.1 Selection -- 10.5.2 Training -- 10.6 Recommendations: The Fight Path Ahead -- 10.6.1 Policy Recommendation -- 10.6.2 Standards and Certification Recommendation -- 10.6.3 Technology Recommendation -- 10.6.4 Selection and Training Recommendation -- 10.7 Concluding Remarks and Characteristics Central to Uses of RPAs -- References -- Index -- End User License Agreement.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.