Social Media in the Arab World : Communication and Public Opinion in the Gulf States.

Cover -- Half-title -- Endorsement -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Table of contents -- List of tables -- About the contributors -- Note on sources, citations and bibliography -- Acknowledgements -- 1 The Significance of Social Media in the Arab World -- Digital Expansion in the Arab World -- The Growth of Social Media -- The Applications of Social Media -- New Media and the Spread of Unrest -- Varied Pace of Change across the Region -- The Book -- Notes -- 2 The Role of Social Media as a Decisive Actor in Saudi Arabia -- Pro-Democracy Protests in Saudi Arabia: Defining the 'Arab Street' -- Neo-Patrimonial System in Saudi Arabia -- The Role of Social Media in Saudi Arabia -- Bridging the Gap: Social Theory of International Politics -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 3 Arab Social Media: From Revolutionary Euphoria to Cyber Realism -- Defining Social Media's Role -- Medium is the Message -- Virtual versus Real Interaction -- Change in Media Grammar -- Political Economy of Social Media -- Technological Evolution -- State Control of Social Media -- Ineffective Self-regulation -- Social Media after the Arab Uprising -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 4 Social Media and Unethical P2P Diplomacy in the Bahrain Uprising -- Towards Ethical P2P Diplomacy -- Ethical Diplomacy versus Public Diplomacy and PR -- Social Media Awards -- The Twelve-Point Flag -- #UniteBH -- #UniF1ed -- Celebrities -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 5 Mobile Phone and Internet Usage in the GCC Region: University Students' Perspectives -- Background -- Mobile Phones and Media Reception -- Mobile Phone Use in the Arab World -- Methodology -- Findings -- General news interest -- Mobile phone usage -- Mobile local news consumption -- Relationships between mobile phone use and online activities -- Local community interest and engagement -- Discussion and Conclusion -- Notes.

6 Social Media Usage and the Changing Context in the United Arab Emirates -- Literature Review -- Methodology -- Findings -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 7 Women and Online Political Participation in Kuwait -- Literature Review -- Kuwait -- Women and Politics -- Internet and Political Participation -- Online Anonymity and Empowerment -- Methodology -- Women's Media Consumption Habits -- Political Characteristics of Kuwaiti Women -- Political Participation -- Key Prediction Factors for Political Participation -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 8 The New Media as Alternative Medium in the GCC Region -- Literature Review -- New Media Sources in GCC Countries -- Methodology -- Questionnaire -- Results -- Media usage -- Perceptions of news media -- Perceptions of reliability of news sources -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 9 Social Media, Surveillance, and Spying in the Bahrain Uprising -- The Growth of Web Activism and Control in Bahrain -- Surveillance and Sousveillance -- Social Media, Surveillance and Counter- Revolutionary Vigilante Sousveillance -- Government spying -- Trolling -- Name and shame -- 'Passive' observation and offline factors -- The 'unknown' -- Propaganda and Disinformation -- The Surveillance and Sousveillance State -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 10 Social Media and Political Change in the Gulf -- The Communication Landscape and Policy in the GCC Region -- Bahrain -- United Arab Emirates (UAE) -- Kuwait -- Qatar -- Oman -- Saudi Arabia -- Government Agencies and Social Media Adapted -- Virtual State/Social Media, Surveillance and Social Control -- Digital Dystopia -- Internet Censorship: The Line that Cannot be Defined -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 11 The Future of Social Media in the GCC Region -- Political Activism -- Opening Up News Sources -- Equality Issues -- Freedom or More Control -- Conclusion -- Notes.

Bibilography -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.