Criminal Justice : An Introduction.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of figures and tables -- List of abbreviations -- Table of cases -- Preface -- 1 The causes of crime and deviancy -- Classicism -- Positivism -- Biological explanations of crime: 'born bad'? -- Psychological explanations of crime -- Crime and its social setting -- The state and criminality -- Conservative criminology -- Feminist criminologies -- Criminology in the postmodern age -- Victimology -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 2 Crime and society -- The measurement of crime -- Alternative studies of criminal activity -- White-collar and corporate crime -- The regulation of corporate crime in the UK -- Crime prevention -- The social approach to crime prevention -- Community safety -- Crime and disorder reduction partnerships - past, present and future -- Assessment of the principles and practice of community safety -- Other multi-agency initiatives -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 3 The criminal justice system - an overview -- The role of the criminal justice system -- The key criminal justice agencies -- Overview of the criminal justice system in Scotland -- Overview of the criminal justice system in Northern Ireland -- Criminal justice policy -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 4 The police service -- Policing by consent -- Changes affecting the structure, organization, control and accountability of the police since 1945 -- The community empowerment agenda and police governance -- Police methods: the policing of local communities -- Twenty- first-century developments in policing methods -- Police powers -- Police weaponry -- The service role of policing -- Recruitment -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 5 The prosecution process.

Summary justice -- Arrest -- The prosecution of offences -- The judicial process -- Trial by jury -- Miscarriages of justice -- Discretion in the prosecution process -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 6 The judiciary -- Organization of the courts in England and Wales -- The composition of the legal profession -- The judiciary and the state -- the judiciary and law-making -- The control and accountability of the judiciary -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 7 Punishment and sentencing -- Definition -- The aims of punishment - the juridical perspective -- Restorative justice -- Problems with restorative justice -- The rationale of punishment - sociological perspectives -- Sentencing in the late twentieth century -- The 2010 Coalition government sentencing reforms -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 8 Prison and its alternatives -- The development of prisons in England and Wales -- The rehabilitation of prisoners -- The maintenance of order within prisons -- Alternatives to imprisonment -- The Probation Service -- Relationship of the prison and probation services -- Tackling recidivism -- The 2010 coalition government policy -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 9 The juvenile justice system -- The historical development of the youth justice system -- Reforms to the system of juvenile justice, 1979-97 -- The 1998 Crime and Disorder Act -- Assessment of 1997-2010 reforms to juvenile justice -- 'Tough on the causes of crime': social policy and crime, 1997-2010 -- The 2010 Coalition government's response to juvenile crime -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 10 Diversity and the criminal justice system -- The Scarman Report (1981) -- The persistence of problems affecting police-public relations, 1981-9.

The response of other criminal justice agencies to racism before 1999 -- The Stephen Lawrence murder and the Macpherson Report: a catalyst for change -- Responses to the Macpherson Report -- The effectiveness of the Macpherson Report -- The impediments to reforms implementing Macpherson: the police service -- Diversity - issues facing the 2010 Coalition government -- Gender discrimination in the criminal justice system - the historical situation -- Twenty-first-century reforms affecting women in the criminal justice system -- Class discrimination -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 11 Criminal justice policy: global dimension -- Organized crime -- Terrorism -- Key events affecting EU Justice and Home Affairs cooperation -- European policing arrangements -- Judicial cooperation within the EU -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- 12 The shape of things to come? -- The financial climate of criminal justice reforms -- Savings on workforce expenditure -- Enhanced efficiency in the delivery of criminal justice services -- Changes in the manner of service delivery -- Reforms to the financing of criminal justice services -- The 'Big Society' -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- Key events -- References -- Key terms -- Keeping up to date -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.