Post-Communist Mafia State : The Case of Hungary.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of Contents -- Timeline of the Past Century of Hungary -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword by Kim Lane Scheppele -- 1. The system we live under -- 1.2. Evolutionary forms of corruption -- 2. The disintegration of the Third Hungarian Republic in 2010 -- 2.1. The value system of the Hungarian society -- 2.2. The political right and left: Two competing anachronisms -- 2.3. Spaces of rational public discourse in demise -- 2.4. The actors and the instability of the new ownership structure -- 2.5. The responsibility borne by the coalition government of the socialists and liberals -- 2.5.1. Lack in symbolic, community-building politics -- 2.5.2. Distributive politics and its exhaustion -- 2.5.3. The shoddiness of freedom and hopelessness of the dispossessed -- 2.5.4. Inefficacy in government, the incompatible attitudes of the two coalition parties -- 2.6. Frailty of the institutions guaranteeing the system of checks and balances -- 2.7. Fidesz as political apex predator -- 2.7.1. From the close college fraternity to the adopted political family, an alternative rebel turned godfather -- 2.7.2. Socialist erosion, liberal vaporization and Fidesz's accomplishment of social embeddedness -- 2.8. Pre-2010 political cold war, and the erosion of the institutional, two-thirds constraint -- 2.8.1. Political cold war -- 2.8.2. Economic trench truce: 70/30 -- 2.8.3. Alternating corrupt regimes -- 3. Approaches of interpretation: from the functional disorders of democracy to a critique of the system -- 3.1. Trapped in an interpretation along the democracy-dictatorship axis -- 3.2. Moving on to substantive concepts of description -- 3.3. The limited validity of historical analogies -- 3.4. Proclamation of the Hungarian "illiberal state" -- 4. Definition of the post-communist mafia state -- 4.1. Post-communist.

4.2. Mafia state -- 4.3. The expansion of the entitlements of the patriarchal head of the family: mafia, mafia state -- 5. Specific features of the mafia state: a subtype of autocratic regimes -- 5.1. Concentration of power and accumulation of wealth -- 5.2. Key players of the mafia state: the ruling elite and its accessories -- 5.2.1. The poligarch -- 5.2.2. The oligarch -- 5.2.3. The stooge -- 5.2.4. The corruption broker -- 5.2.5. The family security guard and the secret services -- 5.3. The political family's expropriation of databases ensuring democratic control -- 5.4. Polipburo, in place of the former communist politburo -- 5.4.1. Delineation of the mafia state's ruling elite from other historical analogies -- 5.5. "Law of rule" in place of the "rule of law" -- 5.5.1. Constitutional coup d'état-the institutionalization of autocracy -- 5.5.2. Hostile takeover of the institutions of public authority -- 5.5.3. Government: not there to take decisions, but to manage decisions taken by the political family -- 5.5.4. The lexes-custom tailored legislation -- 5.5.5. Suppressing the control functions of other institutions of public authority -- 5.6. Administration through confidants and personal governors of the adopted political family instead of a professional bureaucratic administration -- 5.6.1. Array of devices employed to intimidate the professional administration -- 5.6.2. Max Weber on the historical path to modern professional bureaucratic administration -- 5.6.3. Dismantling the modern professional bureaucratic administration under the conditions created by the mafia state -- 5.6.4. Why the mafia state cannot be considered a patrimonial system -- 5.7. Liquidation of societal autonomies -- 5.7.1. Liquidation of local autonomies: "caretakers" in place of local governments.

5.7.2. Liquidation of the autonomous positions of the intelligentsia in culture and education -- 5.7.3. Domestication of Non-Government Organizations -- 5.8. Patron-client relations in place of class relations -- 5.8.1. The changing patterns of existential vulnerability -- 5.8.2. The variety of the patron-client relations -- 5.9. The middle strata of the mafia state power hierarchy: service gentry and court purveyors-the "new national middle class" -- 5.9.1. The service gentry -- 5.9.2. The court purveyors -- 5.9.3. Cementing the "new national middle class" -- 5.9.4. The sin above all sins: disloyalty -- 5.10. Tributes exacted as economic policy: the system of special taxes -- 5.10.1. Some forms of special taxes prior to 2010 -- 5.10.2. The systemic escalation of special taxes after 2010 -- 5.10.3. State penalization of critical reactions called forth byspecial taxes -- 5.10.4. The inverse of special taxes: strategic agreements and mutual benefits -- 5.11. Takeover-replacement of the economic elite -- 5.11.1. The alliance of Fidesz and the "Christian middle-class" -- 5.11.2. The unique nature of property expropriation by the mafia state -- 5.11.3. A change of the owner elite and ensuring surrender -- 5.11.4. The offer that could not be refused -- 5.11.5. Types of nationalization defined by function -- 5.12. The rationale of power versus the irrationality of public policies -- 6. The legitimacy deficit faced by the mafia state and the means to overcome it -- 6.1. Domestication of the media -- 6.1.1. 2010-2014: Media control in the period of establishing the mafia state -- 6.1.2. Media control in transformation after 2014, under conditions of the established mafia state -- 6.2. Manipulation of the electoral system -- 6.2.1. Changes to electoral law after 2010 -- 6.2.2. The Prosecutor's Office as part of the campaign staff.

6.2.3. Establishing the institutional means of electoral fraud -- 6.2.4. The 2014 spring parliamentary elections and autumn municipal elections -- 6.2.5. Means of curbing election results retrospectively -- 7. Legitimizing the mafia state: the ideological arsenal -- 7.1. Ideology-driven vs. ideology-applying system -- 7.2. Target-ideological templates: God, homeland, family, workbased society -- 7.2.1. Nationalism, antisemitism, racism -- 7.2.2. Ideological pyramid scheme -- 7.2.3. Religion -- 7.3. Instrument-ideological templates: the System of National Cooperation and the national freedom fight -- 7.3.1. The System of National Cooperation (NER) -- 7.4. The national freedom fight -- 8. The Criminal State -- 8.1. Hungarian law on criminal organizations -- 8.2. The Palermo Protocols -- 8.3. The mafia state as a type of criminal state -- 8.3.1. One example: criminal organizations expropriating property -- 8.4. Classifying criminal organization actions -- 9. Pyramid schemes-the limits of the mafia state -- 9.1. Economic pyramid scheme -- 9.1.1. Autocracy and autarchy -- 9.2. Foreign policy pyramid scheme-"peacock dance" and Hungarian-style cunning -- 9.2.1. Dilemmas faced by the European Union -- 9.2.2. Opening towards the East -- 9.2.3. The disparate logic of EU and US sanctions -- 9.3. The precarious equilibrium of the mafia state -- Annexes -- Annex 1 -- Annex 2 -- Annex 3 -- Annex 4 -- Annex 5 -- List of accompanying studies -- Former publications -- Index of Names -- Back cover.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.